diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/clients/ClientBulkAdjustModal.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/clients/ClientBulkAdjustModal.tsx
index dfeae4c24..90d9ac875 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/clients/ClientBulkAdjustModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/clients/ClientBulkAdjustModal.tsx
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export default function ClientBulkAdjustModal({
       <Modal
         open={open}
         title={t('pages.clients.bulkAdjustTitle', { count })}
-        okText={t('apply')}
+        okText={t('confirm')}
         cancelText={t('cancel')}
         confirmLoading={submitting}
         onOk={handleOk}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/clients/FilterDrawer.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/clients/FilterDrawer.tsx
index 0c367610b..a6e958dac 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/clients/FilterDrawer.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/clients/FilterDrawer.tsx
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export default function FilterDrawer({
           />
         </Form.Item>
 
-        <Form.Item label={t('inbounds')} htmlFor={`${uid}-inbounds`}>
+        <Form.Item label={t('pages.clients.attachedInbounds')} htmlFor={`${uid}-inbounds`}>
           <Select
             id={`${uid}-inbounds`}
             mode="multiple"
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ export default function FilterDrawer({
             value={filters.inboundIds}
             onChange={(v) => patch('inboundIds', v as number[])}
             options={inboundOptions}
-            placeholder={t('inbounds')}
+            placeholder={t('pages.clients.attachedInbounds')}
             allowClear
             showSearch={{ optionFilterProp: 'label' }}
             listHeight={220}
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/form/protocols/tuic.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/form/protocols/tuic.tsx
index 7f82bdfa1..c3cab905c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/form/protocols/tuic.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/inbounds/form/protocols/tuic.tsx
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export default function TuicFields() {
       if (obj.webKeyFile) {
         setValue('settings.server.private_key', obj.webKeyFile);
       }
-      messageApi.success(t('pages.inbounds.setSuccess'));
+      messageApi.success(t('success'));
     } catch {
       messageApi.error(t('somethingWentWrong'));
     } finally {
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/settings/SecurityTab.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/settings/SecurityTab.tsx
index d8b448f70..87e4a5f1a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/settings/SecurityTab.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/settings/SecurityTab.tsx
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export default function SecurityTab({ allSetting, updateSetting, saveSetting }:
     if (!token) return;
     const ok = await ClipboardManager.copyText(token);
     if (ok) messageApi.success(t('copySuccess'));
-    else messageApi.error(t('copyFail') ?? 'Copy failed');
+    else messageApi.error(t('copyFail'));
   }
 
   function openCreateModal() {
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/xray/overrides/WarpModal.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/xray/overrides/WarpModal.tsx
index 7fc2dc5bf..fb24f0f1e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/xray/overrides/WarpModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/xray/overrides/WarpModal.tsx
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ export default function WarpModal({
         interval: methods.getValues('updateInterval'),
       });
       if (msg?.success) {
-        messageApi.success(t('pages.setting.toasts.saveSuccess', 'Settings saved successfully'));
+        messageApi.success(t('pages.settings.toasts.modifySettings'));
       }
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
diff --git a/frontend/src/test/i18n-dead-keys.test.ts b/frontend/src/test/i18n-dead-keys.test.ts
index 002849c57..9cead2504 100644
--- a/frontend/src/test/i18n-dead-keys.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/test/i18n-dead-keys.test.ts
@@ -82,14 +82,15 @@ describe('i18n keys', () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('no literal t() key resolves to an object', () => {
-    const objectKeys = Array.from(
-      blob.matchAll(/\bt\(\s*(['"`])([\w.-]+)\1\s*[,)]/g),
-      (m) => m[2],
-    ).filter((key) => enKeys.some((leaf) => leaf.startsWith(`${key}.`)));
+  it('every literal t() key is an en-US string', () => {
+    const leaves = new Set(enKeys);
+    const literalKeys = new Set(
+      Array.from(blob.matchAll(/\bt\(\s*(['"`])([\w.-]+)\1\s*[,)]/g), (m) => m[2]),
+    );
+    const unresolved = [...literalKeys].filter((key) => !leaves.has(key));
     expect(
-      objectKeys,
-      `t() keys naming a group, rendered as "key '…' returned an object instead of string.":\n  ${objectKeys.join('\n  ')}`,
+      unresolved,
+      `t() keys that are not an en-US string (a missing key renders raw, a group renders "key '…' returned an object instead of string."):\n  ${unresolved.join('\n  ')}`,
     ).toEqual([]);
   });
 
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/ar-EG.json b/internal/web/translation/ar-EG.json
index 194eca6fc..80f302f51 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/ar-EG.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/ar-EG.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "غير محدد",
   "unlimited": "غير محدود",
   "none": "لا شيء",
+  "empty": "فارغ",
   "qrCode": "كود QR",
   "info": "معلومات أكتر",
   "edit": "تحرير",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "إعادة تعيين",
   "noData": "لا توجد بيانات.",
   "copySuccess": "اتنسخ بنجاح",
+  "copyFail": "فشل النسخ",
   "sure": "متأكد؟",
   "encryption": "تشفير",
   "transmission": "نقل",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/en-US.json b/internal/web/translation/en-US.json
index ed3c13da0..feb00c580 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/en-US.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/en-US.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Indefinite",
   "unlimited": "Unlimited",
   "none": "None",
+  "empty": "Empty",
   "qrCode": "QR Code",
   "info": "More Information",
   "edit": "Edit",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Reset",
   "noData": "Nothing here yet",
   "copySuccess": "Copied successfully",
+  "copyFail": "Copy failed",
   "sure": "Sure",
   "encryption": "Encryption",
   "transmission": "Transmission",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/es-ES.json b/internal/web/translation/es-ES.json
index 4515a5e97..445ce1826 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/es-ES.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/es-ES.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Indefinido",
   "unlimited": "Ilimitado",
   "none": "Ninguno",
+  "empty": "Vacío",
   "qrCode": "Código QR",
   "info": "Más Información",
   "edit": "Editar",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Restablecer",
   "noData": "Sin datos",
   "copySuccess": "Copiado exitosamente",
+  "copyFail": "Error al copiar",
   "sure": "Seguro",
   "encryption": "Encriptación",
   "transmission": "Transmisión",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/fa-IR.json b/internal/web/translation/fa-IR.json
index 16c5a1cc2..8b747b942 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/fa-IR.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/fa-IR.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "نامحدود",
   "unlimited": "نامحدود",
   "none": "هیچ",
+  "empty": "خالی",
   "qrCode": "QRکد",
   "info": "اطلاعات بیشتر",
   "edit": "ویرایش",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "بازنشانی",
   "noData": "داده‌ای وجود ندارد.",
   "copySuccess": "باموفقیت کپی‌شد",
+  "copyFail": "کپی ناموفق بود",
   "sure": "مطمئن",
   "encryption": "رمزگذاری",
   "transmission": "راه‌اتصال",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/id-ID.json b/internal/web/translation/id-ID.json
index 9afc4339b..5ecee70c1 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/id-ID.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/id-ID.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Tak Terbatas",
   "unlimited": "Tanpa Batas",
   "none": "Tidak ada",
+  "empty": "Kosong",
   "qrCode": "Kode QR",
   "info": "Informasi Lebih Lanjut",
   "edit": "Edit",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Reset",
   "noData": "Tidak ada data.",
   "copySuccess": "Berhasil Disalin",
+  "copyFail": "Gagal Menyalin",
   "sure": "Yakin",
   "encryption": "Enkripsi",
   "transmission": "Transmisi",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/ja-JP.json b/internal/web/translation/ja-JP.json
index 9472664b0..52bd3c9b2 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/ja-JP.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/ja-JP.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "無期限",
   "unlimited": "無制限",
   "none": "なし",
+  "empty": "空欄",
   "qrCode": "QRコード",
   "info": "詳細情報",
   "edit": "編集",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "リセット",
   "noData": "データなし。",
   "copySuccess": "コピー成功",
+  "copyFail": "コピー失敗",
   "sure": "確定",
   "encryption": "暗号化",
   "transmission": "伝送",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/pt-BR.json b/internal/web/translation/pt-BR.json
index 3df23658d..11e238b90 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/pt-BR.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/pt-BR.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Indeterminado",
   "unlimited": "Ilimitado",
   "none": "Nenhum",
+  "empty": "Vazio",
   "qrCode": "Código QR",
   "info": "Mais Informações",
   "edit": "Editar",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Redefinir",
   "noData": "Sem dados.",
   "copySuccess": "Copiado com Sucesso",
+  "copyFail": "Falha ao Copiar",
   "sure": "Certo",
   "encryption": "Criptografia",
   "transmission": "Transmissão",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/ru-RU.json b/internal/web/translation/ru-RU.json
index 2fc6a751c..5e4bbce3d 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/ru-RU.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/ru-RU.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Бесконечно",
   "unlimited": "Безлимит",
   "none": "Нет",
+  "empty": "Пусто",
   "qrCode": "QR-код",
   "info": "Информация",
   "edit": "Изменить",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Сброс",
   "noData": "Нет данных.",
   "copySuccess": "Скопировано",
+  "copyFail": "Не удалось скопировать",
   "sure": "Да",
   "encryption": "Шифрование",
   "transmission": "Транспорт",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/sk-SK.json b/internal/web/translation/sk-SK.json
index bd49a3bb1..edb961b00 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/sk-SK.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/sk-SK.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Bez časového obmedzenia",
   "unlimited": "Bez obmedzenia",
   "none": "Žiadne",
+  "empty": "Prázdne",
   "qrCode": "QR kód",
   "info": "Ďalšie informácie",
   "edit": "Upraviť",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Vynulovať",
   "noData": "Zatiaľ tu nič nie je",
   "copySuccess": "Úspešne skopírované",
+  "copyFail": "Kopírovanie zlyhalo",
   "sure": "Áno",
   "encryption": "Šifrovanie",
   "transmission": "Prenos",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/tr-TR.json b/internal/web/translation/tr-TR.json
index 593e4932c..3bc0cc4d7 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/tr-TR.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/tr-TR.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Belirsiz",
   "unlimited": "Sınırsız",
   "none": "Yok",
+  "empty": "Boş",
   "qrCode": "QR Kod",
   "info": "Daha Fazla Bilgi",
   "edit": "Düzenle",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Sıfırla",
   "noData": "Veri yok.",
   "copySuccess": "Başarıyla kopyalandı",
+  "copyFail": "Kopyalama başarısız",
   "sure": "Emin misiniz?",
   "encryption": "Şifreleme",
   "transmission": "İletim",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/uk-UA.json b/internal/web/translation/uk-UA.json
index 506df1d42..af803fd74 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/uk-UA.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/uk-UA.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Безстроково",
   "unlimited": "Безлімітний",
   "none": "Немає",
+  "empty": "Порожньо",
   "qrCode": "QR-Код",
   "info": "Більше інформації",
   "edit": "Змінити",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Скидання",
   "noData": "Немає даних.",
   "copySuccess": "Скопійовано успішно",
+  "copyFail": "Не вдалося скопіювати",
   "sure": "Звичайно",
   "encryption": "Шифрування",
   "transmission": "Протокол передачи",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/vi-VN.json b/internal/web/translation/vi-VN.json
index 1723feeec..68a702ad1 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/vi-VN.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/vi-VN.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "Không xác định",
   "unlimited": "Không giới hạn",
   "none": "Không",
+  "empty": "Trống",
   "qrCode": "Mã QR",
   "info": "Thông tin thêm",
   "edit": "Sửa",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "Đặt lại",
   "noData": "Không có dữ liệu.",
   "copySuccess": "Đã sao chép thành công",
+  "copyFail": "Sao chép thất bại",
   "sure": "Chắc chắn",
   "encryption": "Mã hóa",
   "transmission": "Truyền tải",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/zh-CN.json b/internal/web/translation/zh-CN.json
index 5e98edf8c..b59f15ffa 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/zh-CN.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/zh-CN.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "无限期",
   "unlimited": "无限制",
   "none": "无",
+  "empty": "空",
   "qrCode": "二维码",
   "info": "更多信息",
   "edit": "编辑",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "重置",
   "noData": "无数据。",
   "copySuccess": "复制成功",
+  "copyFail": "复制失败",
   "sure": "确定",
   "encryption": "加密",
   "transmission": "传输",
diff --git a/internal/web/translation/zh-TW.json b/internal/web/translation/zh-TW.json
index 1d522f9cf..02251ac98 100644
--- a/internal/web/translation/zh-TW.json
+++ b/internal/web/translation/zh-TW.json
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   "indefinite": "無限期",
   "unlimited": "無限制",
   "none": "無",
+  "empty": "空",
   "qrCode": "二維碼",
   "info": "更多資訊",
   "edit": "編輯",
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
   "reset": "重置",
   "noData": "無數據。",
   "copySuccess": "複製成功",
+  "copyFail": "複製失敗",
   "sure": "確定",
   "encryption": "加密",
   "transmission": "傳輸",