diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/ClineToolCard.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/ClineToolCard.tsx
index c47ce772f2..3a61305639 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/ClineToolCard.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/ClineToolCard.tsx
@@ -223,8 +223,10 @@ export default function ClineToolCard({
 
   const handleManualConfig = (config) => {
     if (config.model) setSelectedModel(config.model);
-    // (#523) Match apiKey string to key id if possible
-    if (config.apiKey && apiKeys?.length > 0) {
+    // (#523) Match apiKey string to key id if possible.
+    // apiKey may be a structured secret reference (object) rather than a
+    // plaintext string. Only match on strings.
+    if (typeof config.apiKey === "string" && config.apiKey && apiKeys?.length > 0) {
       const prefix = config.apiKey.slice(0, 8);
       const suffix = config.apiKey.slice(-4);
       const matchedKey = apiKeys.find(
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/DroidToolCard.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/DroidToolCard.tsx
index e7eb31d746..f3dcb2bfd4 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/DroidToolCard.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/DroidToolCard.tsx
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ export default function DroidToolCard({
       if (existing.length > 0) {
         setModelList(existing.map((m) => m.model).filter(Boolean));
         const first = existing[0];
-        if (first?.apiKey) {
+        // apiKey may be a structured secret reference (object) rather than a
+        // plaintext string. Only match on strings.
+        if (typeof first?.apiKey === "string" && first.apiKey) {
           // (#523) Keys from /api/keys are masked. Match by prefix/suffix.
           const fileKeyPrefix = first.apiKey.slice(0, 8);
           const fileKeySuffix = first.apiKey.slice(-4);
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/KiloToolCard.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/KiloToolCard.tsx
index 9b597e482c..d682f913ca 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/KiloToolCard.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/KiloToolCard.tsx
@@ -209,8 +209,10 @@ export default function KiloToolCard({
 
   const handleManualConfig = (config) => {
     if (config.model) setSelectedModel(config.model);
-    // (#523) Match apiKey string to key id if possible
-    if (config.apiKey && apiKeys?.length > 0) {
+    // (#523) Match apiKey string to key id if possible.
+    // apiKey may be a structured secret reference (object) rather than a
+    // plaintext string. Only match on strings.
+    if (typeof config.apiKey === "string" && config.apiKey && apiKeys?.length > 0) {
       const prefix = config.apiKey.slice(0, 8);
       const suffix = config.apiKey.slice(-4);
       const matchedKey = apiKeys.find(
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/OpenClawToolCard.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/OpenClawToolCard.tsx
index cf20a9b8f0..6c904958b3 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/OpenClawToolCard.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/OpenClawToolCard.tsx
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ export default function OpenClawToolCard({
         }
         // (#523) Keys from /api/keys are masked (first 8 + "****" + last 4).
         // Match by prefix/suffix instead of exact comparison.
-        if (provider.apiKey) {
+        // apiKey may be a structured secret reference (object) rather than a
+        // plaintext string, e.g. OpenClaw SecretRefs. Only match on strings.
+        if (typeof provider.apiKey === "string" && provider.apiKey) {
           const fileKeyPrefix = provider.apiKey.slice(0, 8);
           const fileKeySuffix = provider.apiKey.slice(-4);
           const matchedKey = apiKeys?.find(
diff --git a/tests/unit/ui/OpenClawToolCard-secret-ref-apikey.test.tsx b/tests/unit/ui/OpenClawToolCard-secret-ref-apikey.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30ab041339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/ui/OpenClawToolCard-secret-ref-apikey.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+//
+// Regression test: OpenClaw (and other CLIs) allow the provider `apiKey` to be
+// a structured secret reference object instead of a plaintext string, e.g.
+//
+//   "apiKey": { "source": "file", "provider": "default", "id": "/OPENCLAW_KEY" }
+//
+// The masked-key matching added in (#523) called `apiKey.slice(0, 8)` behind a
+// bare truthiness check. An object is truthy, so the call threw
+// `TypeError: apiKey.slice is not a function`, the React error boundary caught
+// it and the whole /dashboard/cli-agents/openclaw page rendered as
+// "Internal Server Error".
+import React from "react";
+import { act } from "react";
+import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+// ── Mocks ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+vi.mock("next-intl", () => ({
+  useTranslations: () => (key: string) => key,
+  useLocale: () => "en",
+}));
+
+vi.mock("next/image", () => ({
+  default: () => <span data-testid="next-image" />,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/CliStatusBadge", () => ({
+  default: () => <span data-testid="status-badge" />,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/shared/components", async () => {
+  const React = await import("react");
+  return {
+    Card: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => <div>{children}</div>,
+    Button: ({ children, onClick }: { children: React.ReactNode; onClick?: () => void }) => (
+      <button type="button" onClick={onClick}>
+        {children}
+      </button>
+    ),
+    ModelSelectModal: () => null,
+    ManualConfigModal: ({ isOpen }: { isOpen: boolean }) =>
+      isOpen ? <div data-testid="manual-config-modal" /> : null,
+  };
+});
+
+// A real OpenClaw config using a SecretRef instead of a plaintext key.
+const SECRET_REF_SETTINGS = {
+  models: {
+    providers: {
+      omniroute: {
+        api: "openai-completions",
+        baseUrl: "http://localhost:20128/v1",
+        apiKey: { source: "file", provider: "default", id: "/OPENCLAW_OMNIROUTE_API_KEY" },
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  agents: { defaults: { model: { primary: "omniroute/gpt-5" } } },
+};
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  (
+    globalThis as typeof globalThis & { IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean }
+  ).IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+  globalThis.fetch = vi.fn(async (input: RequestInfo | URL) => {
+    const url = typeof input === "string" ? input : input.toString();
+    if (url.includes("/api/cli-tools/openclaw-settings")) {
+      return new Response(JSON.stringify({ installed: true, settings: SECRET_REF_SETTINGS }), {
+        status: 200,
+      });
+    }
+    if (url.includes("/api/models/alias")) {
+      return new Response(JSON.stringify({ aliases: {} }), { status: 200 });
+    }
+    if (url.includes("/api/cli-tools/backups")) {
+      return new Response(JSON.stringify({ backups: [] }), { status: 200 });
+    }
+    return new Response("{}", { status: 200 });
+  }) as unknown as typeof fetch;
+});
+
+const containers: HTMLElement[] = [];
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  while (containers.length > 0) {
+    containers.pop()?.remove();
+  }
+  document.body.innerHTML = "";
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+});
+
+const { default: OpenClawToolCard } =
+  await import("@/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/cli-code/components/OpenClawToolCard");
+
+describe("OpenClawToolCard — object-shaped (SecretRef) apiKey", () => {
+  it("renders without throwing when provider.apiKey is an object", async () => {
+    const container = document.createElement("div");
+    document.body.appendChild(container);
+    containers.push(container);
+    const root = createRoot(container);
+
+    const errors: unknown[] = [];
+    const onError = (e: ErrorEvent) => errors.push(e.error);
+    window.addEventListener("error", onError);
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      root.render(
+        <OpenClawToolCard
+          tool={{ name: "Open Claw", defaultModels: [] }}
+          isExpanded={true}
+          onToggle={() => {}}
+          activeProviders={[]}
+          baseUrl="http://localhost:20128"
+          hasActiveProviders={false}
+          apiKeys={[{ id: "key-1", key: "sk-omniab****cdef" }]}
+          cloudEnabled={false}
+          batchStatus={null}
+          lastConfiguredAt={null}
+        />
+      );
+    });
+    await act(async () => {
+      await Promise.resolve();
+      await Promise.resolve();
+    });
+
+    window.removeEventListener("error", onError);
+
+    expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+    expect(container.textContent).not.toContain("slice is not a function");
+    expect(container.innerHTML.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});