OmniRoute/docs/architecture/AUTHZ_GUIDE.md

title, version, lastUpdated

title	version	lastUpdated
Authorization Guide	3.8.0	2026-05-13

Authorization Guide

Source of truth: src/server/authz/, src/shared/constants/publicApiRoutes.ts, src/lib/api/requireManagementAuth.ts, src/shared/utils/apiAuth.ts Last updated: 2026-05-13 — v3.8.0

OmniRoute has a route-aware authorization pipeline that gates every API request. Classification is deterministic and fail-closed — anything that cannot be classified ends up as MANAGEMENT and demands a session or management-grade token. This page explains the model for engineers maintaining routes or designing new endpoints.

Source: diagrams/authz-pipeline.mmd

Two Auth Modes

1. API Key (Bearer)

Used for the OpenAI/Anthropic/Gemini-compatible client APIs and a few management routes when the key has the manage scope.

Authorization: Bearer <api-key>

Validated by isValidApiKey() / extractApiKey() in src/sse/services/auth.ts and re-exported through src/shared/utils/apiAuth.ts. The validator also accepts the OMNIROUTE_API_KEY / ROUTER_API_KEY env vars as persistent passthrough keys (issue #1350).

2. Dashboard Session (auth_token cookie)

For dashboard pages and admin operations.

Cookie: auth_token=<JWT signed with JWT_SECRET>

Verified by isDashboardSessionAuthenticated() in src/shared/utils/apiAuth.ts. The pipeline auto-refreshes the JWT when it has fewer than 7 days left in its 30-day lifetime.

Some management routes accept either mode: cookie OR Bearer <key> when the API key has the manage (or admin) scope. This is what enables the "configurable via API calls" workflow added in v3.8.

Route Classes

src/server/authz/types.ts defines three classes; any route that cannot be classified deterministically falls back to MANAGEMENT.

Class	Description	Auth required
PUBLIC	Explicitly safe routes — login, logout, status, init, health, onboarding bootstrap.	None
CLIENT_API	Model-serving endpoints — /api/v1/*, plus aliases /v1/*, /chat/completions, /responses, /models, /codex/*.	Bearer key (unless REQUIRE_API_KEY != "true")
MANAGEMENT	Dashboard pages, settings, providers, keys, admin and diagnostics endpoints.	Dashboard session OR Bearer with manage scope

Pipeline

Incoming request → src/middleware.ts
  → runAuthzPipeline() in src/server/authz/pipeline.ts
    1. Strip trusted internal headers (x-omniroute-auth-*, x-omniroute-route-class)
    2. Generate request id, classify route via classifyRoute()
    3. If pathname == "/" → redirect /dashboard
    4. If draining (graceful shutdown) and /api/* → 503
    5. If non-GET /api/* → checkBodySize() guard
    6. If OPTIONS → CORS preflight 204
    7. If options.enforce == false → pass-through with route-class headers
    8. Otherwise: POLICIES[routeClass].evaluate(ctx)
       - allow  → stamp x-omniroute-auth-{kind,id,label,scopes} → NextResponse.next()
       - reject → JSON error w/ correlation_id (dashboard pages → 302 /login)

Trusted internal headers (defined in src/server/authz/headers.ts) are stripped from incoming requests before classification — clients cannot pre-populate x-omniroute-auth-* to impersonate a subject.

Policy contracts

Each route class has a policy in src/server/authz/policies/:

• publicPolicy (policies/public.ts) — always returns allow({ kind: "anonymous", id: "anonymous" }).
• clientApiPolicy (policies/clientApi.ts) — extracts Bearer, validates via validateApiKey(). Falls through to anonymous if REQUIRE_API_KEY != "true". Allows dashboard-session GET on /api/v1/models (used by the dashboard model catalog).
• managementPolicy (policies/management.ts) — accepts dashboard session, internal model-sync requests (matched against /api/providers/[name]/(sync-models|models)), or skips entirely if isAuthRequired() returns false. Returns 403 (AUTH_001) when a Bearer token is present but invalid, 401 otherwise.

A successful policy returns AuthSubject with kind ∈ { client_api_key, dashboard_session, management_key, anonymous }. Downstream handlers can read it via assertAuth(request, "CLIENT_API") in src/server/authz/assertAuth.ts instead of re-running auth logic.

Public Routes List

src/shared/constants/publicApiRoutes.ts is the explicit allowlist:

PUBLIC_API_ROUTE_PREFIXES = [
  "/api/auth/login",
  "/api/auth/logout",
  "/api/auth/status",
  "/api/init",
  "/api/v1/", // treated as CLIENT_API in classify, not as "no-auth public"
  "/api/cloud/",
  "/api/sync/bundle",
  "/api/oauth/",
];

PUBLIC_READONLY_API_ROUTE_PREFIXES = ["/api/monitoring/health", "/api/settings/require-login"];

PUBLIC_READONLY_METHODS = new Set(["GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"]);

Read-only prefixes are public only for safe methods. Note: classifyRoute() excludes /api/v1/* from the PUBLIC fall-through — those are always CLIENT_API so the Bearer-key policy still applies.

Adding a New Route

Pattern 1 — Public client API endpoint (Bearer-auth)

Routes under /api/v1/ are classified CLIENT_API automatically. The middleware enforces the Bearer check; route handlers don't need to redo it but can read the subject if useful.

// src/app/api/v1/your-route/route.ts
import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
import { assertAuth } from "@/server/authz/assertAuth";

export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
  const subject = assertAuth(req, "CLIENT_API");
  // subject.kind === "client_api_key" | "anonymous" | "dashboard_session"
  // ... handler logic
}

Pattern 2 — Management endpoint (session or Bearer + manage)

Use requireManagementAuth() from src/lib/api/requireManagementAuth.ts:

import { requireManagementAuth } from "@/lib/api/requireManagementAuth";

export async function POST(request: Request) {
  const rejection = await requireManagementAuth(request);
  if (rejection) return rejection;
  // ... handler logic
}

requireManagementAuth() returns null on success or a JSON error Response:

• 401 AUTH_001 "Authentication required" — no credentials at all
• 403 — invalid Bearer or Bearer present but key lacks the manage / admin scope

hasManageScope(scopes) returns true for "manage" or "admin".

Pattern 3 — Adding to the public allowlist

Add the prefix to PUBLIC_API_ROUTE_PREFIXES (or PUBLIC_READONLY_API_ROUTE_PREFIXES for GET-only). Update unit tests at tests/unit/public-api-routes.test.ts and tests/unit/authz/classify.test.ts.

Scopes

API keys carry a scopes array (stored as JSON in api_keys.scopes, see src/lib/db/apiKeys.ts).

Management scope

• manage / admin — grants the key access to management API endpoints when sent as Bearer.

MCP scopes (src/shared/constants/mcpScopes.ts)

Each MCP tool requires specific scopes via MCP_TOOL_SCOPES. Full list (MCP_SCOPE_LIST):

read:health, read:combos, write:combos, read:quota, read:usage,
read:models, execute:completions, execute:search, write:budget,
write:resilience, pricing:write, read:cache, write:cache,
read:compression, write:compression, read:proxies

Preset bundles (MCP_SCOPE_PRESETS): readonly, full, monitor, agent. Use hasRequiredScopes(granted, toolName) and getMissingScopes() for enforcement inside MCP handlers.

Auth Required Toggle

isAuthRequired() in src/shared/utils/apiAuth.ts decides whether any auth is enforced for a request:

• settings.requireLogin === false → auth is globally disabled.
• No password configured and no INITIAL_PASSWORD env var → bootstrap mode allows the onboarding wizard and loopback requests, but exposed network requests still need credentials.
• Any DB error → fails closed (secure-by-default).

Breaking Change — v3.8.0

The /api/v1/agents/tasks/* and /api/resilience/model-cooldowns endpoints now require management auth (commit 588a0333). Clients previously sending a normal API key without the manage scope receive 403. Migration: either issue the key the manage scope in the API Manager dashboard, or use a logged-in dashboard session.

Testing

• Unit tests: tests/unit/authz/ — classify.test.ts, pipeline.test.ts, client-api-policy.test.ts, management-policy.test.ts, public-policy.test.ts.
• Public allowlist: tests/unit/public-api-routes.test.ts.
• Run focused: node --import tsx/esm --test tests/unit/authz/classify.test.ts.

Debugging

The pipeline always stamps responses with:

x-request-id:               <correlation id, echoed in error bodies>
x-omniroute-route-class:    PUBLIC | CLIENT_API | MANAGEMENT

For authenticated requests the upstream (handler-side) request headers also include:

x-omniroute-auth-kind:      client_api_key | dashboard_session | management_key | anonymous
x-omniroute-auth-id:        key_<last-4> | "dashboard" | "anonymous"
x-omniroute-auth-label:     (optional)
x-omniroute-auth-scopes:    comma-separated list

Use assertAuth(req, expectedClass) inside handlers — it throws AuthzAssertionError with code AUTHZ_NOT_INITIALIZED if the middleware was bypassed (helpful for catching configuration regressions in tests).

See Also

• API_REFERENCE.md — auth marker per endpoint
• COMPLIANCE.md — audit log for auth events
• MCP-SERVER.md — MCP scope enforcement details
• Source: src/server/authz/, src/lib/api/requireManagementAuth.ts