diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
index 8200ac55..04ebe833 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
     secrets: inherit
 
   deb:
-    name: build and release deb x64 & arm64
+    name: build and release deb x64 & arm64 & riscv64 & ppc64le & loong64
     if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     container: debian:13
@@ -70,8 +70,13 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb"
         rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/" || true
+
         find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_amd64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-64.deb" \; || true
         find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_arm64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-arm64.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_riscv64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_ppc64el.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-ppc64le.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_loong64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-loong64.deb" \; || true
+
         echo "==== Dist tree ===="
         ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" || true
     - name: Upload DEB artifact
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ jobs:
       with: { name: release-deb, path: "dist/deb/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }
 
   rpm:
-    name: build and release rpm x64 & arm64
+    name: build and release rpm x64 & arm64 & riscv64 & ppc64le & loong64
     if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi10/ubi
@@ -129,58 +134,23 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm"
         rsync -av "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.x86_64.rpm"  -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-64.rpm" \;  || true
+
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.x86_64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-64.rpm" \; || true
         find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.aarch64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-arm64.rpm" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.riscv64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-riscv64.rpm" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.ppc64le.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-ppc64le.rpm" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.loongarch64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-loong64.rpm" \; || true
+
         echo "==== Dist tree ===="
         ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" || true
     - name: Upload RPM artifact
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
       with: { name: release-rpm, path: "dist/rpm/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }
 
-  rpm-riscv64:
-    name: build and release rpm riscv64
+  deb-x86:
+    name: build and release deb x86
     if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-riscv
-    container: rockylinux/rockylinux:10
-    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
-    steps:
-    - name: Prepare tools (Red Hat)
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        dnf -y makecache
-        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which jq
-    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
-      shell: bash
-      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        rm -rf ./*
-        git init .
-        git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
-        git remote add origin "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git"
-        git fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
-        git checkout FETCH_HEAD
-        git submodule update --init --recursive
-    - name: Ensure script permissions
-      run: chmod 755 package-rhel-riscv.sh
-    - name: Package RPM (RHEL-family)
-      run: ./package-rhel-riscv.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
-    - name: Collect RPMs into workspace
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64"
-        rsync -av "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64" -name "*.riscv64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-rhel-riscv64.rpm" \; || true
-        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
-        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64" || true
-    - name: Upload RPM artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      with: { name: release-rpm-riscv64, path: "dist/rpm-riscv64/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }
-
-  deb-riscv64:
-    name: build and release deb riscv64
-    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-riscv
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
     container: debian:13
     env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
     steps:
@@ -190,162 +160,118 @@ jobs:
         set -euo pipefail
         export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
         apt-get update
-        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1
+        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libicu-dev libssl-dev
     - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
-      shell: bash
-      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        rm -rf ./*
-        git init .
-        git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
-        git remote add origin "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git"
-        git fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
-        git checkout FETCH_HEAD
-        git submodule update --init --recursive
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      with: { submodules: 'recursive', fetch-depth: '0' }
     - name: Ensure script permissions
-      run: chmod 755 package-debian-riscv.sh
-    - name: Package DEB (Debian-family)
-      run: ./package-debian-riscv.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
-    - name: Collect DEBs into workspace
+      run: chmod 755 package-debian-x86.sh
+    - name: Package DEB x86 (Debian-family)
+      run: ./package-debian-x86.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
+    - name: Collect x86 DEB into workspace
       run: |
-        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64"
-        rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64" -name "*.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.deb" \; || true
-        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
-        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64" || true
-    - name: Upload DEB artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      with: { name: release-deb-riscv64, path: "dist/deb-riscv64/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-x86"
+        rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-x86/" || true
 
-  deb-loong64:
-    name: build and release deb loong64
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-x86" -name "v2rayn_*_i386.deb" \
+          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-x86/v2rayN-linux-86.deb" \; || true
+
+        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
+        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-x86" || true
+    - name: Upload x86 DEB artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-deb-x86, path: "dist/deb-x86/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }
+
+  rpm-x86:
+    name: build and release rpm x86
     if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
     runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-      DOCKER_IMAGE: ghcr.io/loong64/debian:trixie
-
+    container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi10/ubi
+    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
     steps:
-    - name: Checkout repo
-      uses: actions/checkout@v7
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Setup QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-    - name: Package DEB (Debian-family)
+    - name: Prepare tools (Red Hat)
       shell: bash
-      timeout-minutes: 180
-      env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}" }
       run: |
         set -euo pipefail
-        docker run --rm \
-          --privileged \
-          --platform linux/loong64 \
-          --env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
-          --env DOTNET_EnableWriteXorExecute=0 \
-          --volume "${{ github.workspace }}:/root/v2rayN-src" \
-          --volume "$HOME/debbuild:/root/debbuild" \
-          --workdir /root/v2rayN-src \
-        "$DOCKER_IMAGE" bash -c "
-        apt-get update && \
-        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1 && \
-        git config --global --add safe.directory /root/v2rayN-src && \
-        ./package-debian-loong.sh ${RELEASE_TAG}"
-    - name: Collect DEBs into workspace
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
-        rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64" -name "*.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64/v2rayN-linux-loong64.deb" \; || true
-        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
-        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64" || true
-    - name: Upload DEB artifact
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      with: { name: release-deb-loong64, path: "dist/deb-loong64/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }
+        . /etc/os-release
+        EL_MAJOR="${VERSION_ID%%.*}"
+        echo "EL_MAJOR=${EL_MAJOR}"
+        dnf -y makecache || true
+        command -v curl >/dev/null || dnf -y install curl ca-certificates
+        ARCH="$(uname -m)"
+        case "$ARCH" in x86_64|aarch64) ;; *) echo "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"; exit 1 ;; esac
 
-  rpm-loong64:
-    name: build and release rpm loong64
-    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-      DOCKER_IMAGE: ghcr.io/fedora-remix-loongarch/mini-image:f43
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout repo
+        install_epel_from_dir() {
+          local base="$1" rpm
+          echo "Try: $base"
+          rpm="$({ curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/" 2>/dev/null; curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/e/" 2>/dev/null | sed 's|href="|href="e/|'; } |
+            sed -n 's/.*href="\([^"]*epel-release-[^"]*\.noarch\.rpm\)".*/\1/p' | sort -V | tail -n1)" || true
+          [[ -n "$rpm" ]] || return 1
+          dnf -y install "$base/Packages/$rpm"
+        }
+
+        FEDORA="https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-${EL_MAJOR}.noarch.rpm"
+        ROCKY="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
+        ALMA="https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
+
+        echo "Try Fedora: $FEDORA"
+        curl -fsSLI "$FEDORA" >/dev/null && dnf -y install "$FEDORA" ||
+          install_epel_from_dir "$ROCKY" ||
+          install_epel_from_dir "$ALMA" ||
+          { echo "EPEL bootstrap failed (Fedora/Rocky/Alma)"; exit 1; }
+
+        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which python3
+        dnf repolist | grep -i epel || true
+
+    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
       uses: actions/checkout@v7
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Setup QEMU
-      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-    - name: Build loong64 RPM
-      shell: bash
-      timeout-minutes: 180
-      env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}" }
+      with: { submodules: 'recursive', fetch-depth: '0' }
+
+    - name: Ensure script permissions
+      run: chmod 755 package-rhel-x86.sh
+
+    - name: Package RPM x86 (RHEL-family)
+      run: ./package-rhel-x86.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
+
+    - name: Collect x86 RPM into workspace
       run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        docker run --rm \
-          --privileged \
-          --platform linux/loong64 \
-          --env DOTNET_EnableWriteXorExecute=0 \
-          --volume "${{ github.workspace }}:/root/v2rayN-src" \
-          --volume "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS:/root/rpmbuild/RPMS" \
-          --workdir /root/v2rayN-src \
-        "$DOCKER_IMAGE" bash -c "
-        dnf -y makecache && \
-        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq file ca-certificates fuse3 && \
-        git config --global --add safe.directory /root/v2rayN-src && \
-        ./package-rhel-loong.sh ${RELEASE_TAG}"
-    - name: Collect RPMs into workspace
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64"
-        rsync -av "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64" -name "*.loongarch64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64/v2rayN-linux-rhel-loong64.rpm" \; || true
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-x86"
+        rsync -av "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-x86/" || true
+
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-x86" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.i686.rpm" \
+          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-x86/v2rayN-linux-rhel-86.rpm" \; || true
+
         echo "==== Dist tree ===="
-        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64" || true
-    - name: Upload RPM artifact
+        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-x86" || true
+
+    - name: Upload x86 RPM artifact
       uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      with: { name: release-rpm-loong64, path: "dist/rpm-loong64/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }
+      with: { name: release-rpm-x86, path: "dist/rpm-x86/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }
 
   release-deb:
-    name: sign and upload deb x64 arm64
+    name: sign and upload deb x64 arm64 riscv64 ppc64le loong64
     needs: deb
     uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ inputs.release_tag || github.ref_name }}", artifact_name: release-deb, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
     secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
 
   release-rpm:
-    name: sign and upload rpm x64 arm64
+    name: sign and upload rpm x64 arm64 riscv64 ppc64le loong64
     needs: rpm
     uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ inputs.release_tag || github.ref_name }}", artifact_name: release-rpm, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
     secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
 
-  release-rpm-riscv64:
-    name: sign and upload rpm riscv64
-    needs: rpm-riscv64
+  release-deb-x86:
+    name: sign and upload deb x86
+    needs: deb-x86
     uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm-riscv64, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ inputs.release_tag || github.ref_name }}", artifact_name: release-deb-x86, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
     secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
 
-  release-deb-riscv64:
-    name: sign and upload deb riscv64
-    needs: deb-riscv64
+  release-rpm-x86:
+    name: sign and upload rpm x86
+    needs: rpm-x86
     uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb-riscv64, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
-    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
-
-  release-deb-loong64:
-    name: sign and upload deb loong64
-    needs: deb-loong64
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb-loong64, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
-    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
-
-  release-rpm-loong64:
-    name: sign and upload rpm loong64
-    needs: rpm-loong64
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
-    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm-loong64, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ inputs.release_tag || github.ref_name }}", artifact_name: release-rpm-x86, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
     secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 85916741..7268d597 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ Read the Wiki for usage guides and configuration details.
 
 ## Supported Platforms / 支持平台
 
-| Platform / 平台 | x64 | x86 | arm64 | riscv64 | loong64 |
-| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
-| Windows | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | - | - |
-| Linux | ✅ | - | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-| macOS | ✅ | - | ✅ | - | - |
+| Platform / 平台 | x64 | x86 | arm64 | riscv64 | loong64 | ppc64le |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Windows | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | - | - | - |
+| Linux | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| macOS | ✅ | - | ✅ | - | - | - |
 
 Minimum OS requirements: [Release files introduction](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/Release-files-introduction) / 最低系统要求：[发布文件介绍](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/Release-files-introduction)
 
diff --git a/package-debian-loong.sh b/package-debian-loong.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 0e08697f..00000000
--- a/package-debian-loong.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,731 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-VERSION_ARG=""
-WITH_CORE="both"
-FORCE_NETCORE=0
-BUILD_FROM=""
-XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
-SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
-
-MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
-PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
-PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
-OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
-DOTNET_TFM="net10.0"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.111"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.111-loongarch64"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
-DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}"
-
-OS_ID=""
-OS_NAME=""
-OS_VERSION_ID=""
-HOST_ARCH=""
-SCRIPT_DIR=""
-PROJECT=""
-VERSION=""
-
-declare -a BUILT_DEBS=()
-
-die() {
-  echo "$*" >&2
-  exit 1
-}
-
-parse_args() {
-  local first_arg="${1:-}"
-
-  if [[ -n "$first_arg" && "$first_arg" != --* ]]; then
-    VERSION_ARG="$first_arg"
-    shift || true
-  fi
-
-  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
-    case "$1" in
-      --with-core)   WITH_CORE="${2:-both}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --xray-ver)    XRAY_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --singbox-ver) SING_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --netcore)     FORCE_NETCORE=1; shift ;;
-      --buildfrom)   BUILD_FROM="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      *)
-        [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]] || VERSION_ARG="$1"
-        shift
-        ;;
-    esac
-  done
-
-  if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" && -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
-    die "You cannot specify both an explicit version and --buildfrom at the same time.
-        Provide either a version (e.g. 7.14.0) OR --buildfrom 1|2|3."
-  fi
-}
-
-detect_environment() {
-  local current_kernel=""
-  local lowest=""
-
-  . /etc/os-release
-
-  OS_ID="${ID:-}"
-  OS_NAME="${NAME:-$OS_ID}"
-  OS_VERSION_ID="${VERSION_ID:-}"
-  HOST_ARCH="$(uname -m)"
-
-  case "$OS_ID" in
-    debian)
-      echo "Detected supported system: ${OS_NAME:-$OS_ID} ${OS_VERSION_ID:-}"
-      ;;
-    *)
-      die "Unsupported system: ${OS_NAME:-unknown} (${OS_ID:-unknown}).
-This script only supports: Debian."
-      ;;
-  esac
-
-  case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    loongarch64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports loongarch64" ;;
-  esac
-
-  current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
-  lowest="$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$MIN_KERNEL" "$current_kernel" | sort -V | head -n1)"
-
-  [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
-  echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
-}
-
-install_dependencies() {
-  local install_ok=0
-  local tmp_dotnet=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
-
-  if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get -y install \
-      curl unzip tar jq rsync ca-certificates git dpkg-dev fakeroot file \
-      desktop-file-utils xdg-utils wget gcc make pkg-config \
-      libicu-dev libssl-dev libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 zlib1g
-
-    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
-    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
-    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
-    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
-    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
-
-    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
-    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
-    
-    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
-    echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
-    echo "dotnet-loongarch SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, gcc, make, dpkg-deb, fakeroot, libicu-dev, libssl-dev"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
-
-prepare_workspace() {
-  SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-  cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
-
-  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
-    git submodule sync --recursive || true
-    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
-  fi
-
-  PROJECT="$PROJECT_HINT"
-  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || PROJECT="$(find . -maxdepth 3 -name 'v2rayN.Desktop.csproj' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || die "v2rayN.Desktop.csproj not found"
-}
-
-choose_channel() {
-  local ch="latest"
-  local sel=""
-
-  if [[ -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
-    case "$BUILD_FROM" in
-      1) echo "latest"; return 0 ;;
-      2) echo "prerelease"; return 0 ;;
-      3) echo "keep"; return 0 ;;
-      *) die "[ERROR] Invalid --buildfrom value: ${BUILD_FROM}. Use 1|2|3." ;;
-    esac
-  fi
-
-  if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
-    echo "[?] Choose v2rayN release channel:" >&2
-    echo "    1) Latest (stable)  [default]" >&2
-    echo "    2) Pre-release (preview)" >&2
-    echo "    3) Keep current (do nothing)" >&2
-    printf "Enter 1, 2 or 3 [default 1]: " >&2
-
-    if read -r sel </dev/tty; then
-      case "${sel:-}" in
-        2) ch="prerelease" ;;
-        3) ch="keep" ;;
-      esac
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  echo "$ch"
-}
-
-get_latest_tag_latest() {
-  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases/latest" \
-    | jq -re '.tag_name' \
-    | sed 's/^v//'
-}
-
-get_latest_tag_prerelease() {
-  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases?per_page=20" \
-    | jq -re 'first(.[] | select(.prerelease == true) | .tag_name)' \
-    | sed 's/^v//'
-}
-
-sync_submodules() {
-  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
-    git submodule sync --recursive || true
-    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
-  fi
-}
-
-git_try_checkout() {
-  local want="$1"
-  local ref=""
-
-  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    git fetch --tags --force --prune --depth=1 || true
-    git rev-parse "refs/tags/${want}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && ref="$want"
-
-    if [[ -n "$ref" ]]; then
-      echo "[OK] Found ref '${ref}', checking out..."
-      git checkout -f "$ref"
-      sync_submodules
-      return 0
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  return 1
-}
-
-apply_channel_or_keep() {
-  local ch="$1"
-  local tag=""
-
-  if [[ "$ch" == "keep" ]]; then
-    echo "[*] Keep current repository state (no checkout)."
-    VERSION="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo '0.0.0+git')"
-    VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
-    return 0
-  fi
-  git remote add upstream https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN || true
-  git fetch upstream
-
-  echo "[*] Resolving ${ch} tag from GitHub releases..."
-
-  case "$ch" in
-    latest)     tag="$(get_latest_tag_latest || true)" ;;
-    prerelease) tag="$(get_latest_tag_prerelease || true)" ;;
-    *)          die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'." ;;
-  esac
-
-  [[ -n "$tag" ]] || die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'."
-
-  echo "[*] Latest tag for '${ch}': ${tag}"
-  git_try_checkout "$tag" || die "Failed to checkout '${tag}'."
-  VERSION="${tag#v}"
-}
-
-resolve_version() {
-  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]]; then
-      local clean_ver="${VERSION_ARG#v}"
-
-      if git_try_checkout "$clean_ver"; then
-        VERSION="$clean_ver"
-      else
-        echo "[WARN] Tag '${VERSION_ARG}' not found."
-        apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
-      fi
-    else
-      apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
-    fi
-  else
-    echo "Current directory is not a git repo; proceeding on current tree."
-    VERSION="${VERSION_ARG:-0.0.0}"
-  fi
-
-  VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
-  echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
-}
-
-xray_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-  local ver="$2"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-singbox_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-  local ver="$2"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-bundle_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-download_xray() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local ver="${XRAY_VER:-}"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
-    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/latest \
-      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
-      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
-      | head -n1)" || true
-  fi
-
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-}
-
-download_singbox() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local ver="${SING_VER:-}"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-  local bin=""
-  local cronet=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
-    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/latest \
-      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
-      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
-      | head -n1)" || true
-  fi
-
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Download sing-box: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  bin="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'sing-box' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || { echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  cronet="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'libcronet*.so*' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$cronet" ]] && install -m 644 "$cronet" "$outdir/libcronet.so" || true
-
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-}
-
-unify_geo_layout() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local n
-  local names=(
-    geosite.dat
-    geoip.dat
-    geoip-only-cn-private.dat
-    Country.mmdb
-    geoip.metadb
-  )
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-
-  for n in "${names[@]}"; do
-    if [[ -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" ]]; then
-      mv -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" "$outroot/bin/$n"
-    fi
-  done
-}
-
-download_geo_assets() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local bin_dir="$outroot/bin"
-  local srss_dir="$bin_dir/srss"
-  local f=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$bin_dir" "$srss_dir"
-
-  echo "[+] Download Xray Geo to ${bin_dir}"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
-
-  echo "[+] Download sing-box rule DB & rule-sets"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
-
-  for f in geoip-private.srs geoip-cn.srs geoip-facebook.srs geoip-fastly.srs geoip-google.srs geoip-netflix.srs geoip-telegram.srs geoip-twitter.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
-  done
-
-  for f in geosite-cn.srs geosite-gfw.srs geosite-google.srs geosite-greatfire.srs geosite-geolocation-cn.srs geosite-category-ads-all.srs geosite-private.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
-  done
-
-  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
-}
-
-populate_assets_zip_mode() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-  local nested_dir=""
-
-  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || { echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Try v2rayN bundle archive: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || { echo "[!] Bundle download failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || { echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  if [[ -d "$tmp/bin" ]]; then
-    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-    rsync -a "$tmp/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
-  else
-    rsync -a "$tmp/" "$outroot/"
-  fi
-
-  rm -f "$outroot/v2rayn.zip" 2>/dev/null || true
-  find "$outroot" -type d -name "mihomo" -prune -exec rm -rf {} + 2>/dev/null || true
-
-  nested_dir="$(find "$outroot" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'v2rayN-linux-*' | head -n1 || true)"
-  if [[ -n "$nested_dir" && -d "$nested_dir/bin" ]]; then
-    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-    rsync -a "$nested_dir/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
-    rm -rf "$nested_dir"
-  fi
-
-  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-
-  echo "[+] Bundle extracted to $outroot"
-}
-
-populate_assets_netcore_mode() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
-
-  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "xray" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "sing-box" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
-  fi
-
-  download_geo_assets "$outroot" || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
-}
-
-stage_runtime_assets() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
-
-  if [[ "$FORCE_NETCORE" -eq 0 ]]; then
-    if populate_assets_zip_mode "$outroot" "$rid"; then
-      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle archive."
-    else
-      echo "[*] Bundle failed, fallback to separate core + rules."
-      populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
-    fi
-  else
-    echo "[*] --netcore specified: use separate core + rules."
-    populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
-  fi
-}
-
-describe_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-
-  case "$short" in
-    loongarch64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loong64" ;;
-    *)           echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use loongarch64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-publish_binary() {
-  local rid="$1"
-
-  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
-  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
-}
-
-write_launcher_file() {
-  local stage="$1"
-
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/bin/v2rayn" <<'EOF'
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
-cd "$DIR"
-
-if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then
-  exec "$DIR/v2rayN" "$@"
-fi
-
-for dll in v2rayN.Desktop.dll v2rayN.dll; do
-  if [[ -f "$DIR/$dll" ]]; then
-    exec /usr/bin/dotnet "$DIR/$dll" "$@"
-  fi
-done
-
-echo "v2rayN launcher: no executable found in $DIR" >&2
-ls -l "$DIR" >&2 || true
-exit 1
-EOF
-}
-
-write_desktop_file() {
-  local stage="$1"
-
-  install -m 644 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/share/applications/v2rayn.desktop" <<'EOF'
-[Desktop Entry]
-Type=Application
-Name=v2rayN
-Comment=v2rayN for Debian GNU Linux
-Exec=v2rayn
-Icon=v2rayn
-Terminal=false
-Categories=Network;
-EOF
-}
-
-write_maintainer_scripts() {
-  local debian_dir="$1"
-
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postinst" <<'EOF'
-#!/bin/sh
-set -e
-update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-fi
-exit 0
-EOF
-
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postrm" <<'EOF'
-#!/bin/sh
-set -e
-update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-fi
-exit 0
-EOF
-}
-
-package_binary() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local deb_arch="$3"
-  local pubdir=""
-  local workdir=""
-  local stage=""
-  local debian_dir=""
-  local project_dir=""
-  local icon_candidate=""
-  local shlibs_depends=""
-  local extra_depends=""
-  local final_depends=""
-  local multiarch=""
-  local sys_libdir=""
-  local sys_usrlibdir=""
-  local deb_out=""
-
-  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
-  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
-
-  workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
-  trap '[[ -n "${workdir:-}" ]] && rm -rf "$workdir"' RETURN
-
-  stage="$workdir/${PKGROOT}_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}"
-  debian_dir="$stage/DEBIAN"
-
-  mkdir -p "$stage/opt/v2rayN" "$stage/usr/bin" "$stage/usr/share/applications" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps" "$debian_dir"
-  cp -a "$pubdir/." "$stage/opt/v2rayN/"
-
-  project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
-  icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
-  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] && cp "$icon_candidate" "$stage/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png" || true
-
-  stage_runtime_assets "$stage/opt/v2rayN" "$rid"
-  write_launcher_file "$stage"
-  write_desktop_file "$stage"
-  write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"
-
-  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"
-  
-  mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
-  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
-Source: v2rayn
-Section: net
-Priority: optional
-Maintainer: 2dust <noreply@github.com>
-Standards-Version: 4.7.0
-
-Package: v2rayn
-Architecture: ${deb_arch}
-Description: v2rayN
-EOF
-
-  multiarch="$(dpkg-architecture -a"$deb_arch" -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)"
-  sys_libdir="/lib/$multiarch"
-  sys_usrlibdir="/usr/lib/$multiarch"
-
-  : > "$debian_dir/substvars"
-
-  mapfile -t ELF_FILES < <(
-    find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f \( -name "*.so*" -o -perm -111 \) ! -name 'libcoreclrtraceptprovider.so'
-  )
-
-  if [[ "${#ELF_FILES[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
-    (
-      cd "$workdir"
-      dpkg-shlibdeps \
-        -l"$stage/opt/v2rayN" \
-        -l"$sys_libdir" \
-        -l"$sys_usrlibdir" \
-        -T"$debian_dir/substvars" \
-        "${ELF_FILES[@]}"
-    ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-  fi
-
-  shlibs_depends="$(sed -n 's/^shlibs:Depends=//p' "$debian_dir/substvars" | head -n1 || true)"
-
-  if [[ -n "$shlibs_depends" ]]; then
-    shlibs_depends="$(echo "$shlibs_depends" \
-      | sed -E 's/ *\([^)]*\)//g' \
-      | sed -E 's/ *, */, /g' \
-      | sed -E 's/^, *//; s/, *$//')"
-    final_depends="${shlibs_depends}, ${extra_depends}"
-  else
-    final_depends="${extra_depends}"
-  fi
-
-  cat > "$debian_dir/control" <<EOF
-Package: v2rayn
-Version: ${VERSION}
-Architecture: ${deb_arch}
-Maintainer: 2dust <noreply@github.com>
-Homepage: https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
-Section: net
-Priority: optional
-Depends: ${final_depends}
-Description: v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
- Support vless / vmess / Trojan / http / socks / Anytls / Hysteria2 /
- Shadowsocks / tuic / WireGuard.
-EOF
-
-  find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
-  find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
-  [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" || true
-
-  deb_out="$OUTPUT_DIR/v2rayn_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}.deb"
-  dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "$stage" "$deb_out"
-
-  echo "Build done for $short. DEB at:"
-  echo "  $deb_out"
-  BUILT_DEBS+=("$deb_out")
-}
-
-select_targets() {
-  printf '%s\n' loongarch64
-}
-
-build_one_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local meta=()
-  local rid=""
-  local deb_arch=""
-
-  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
-  rid="${meta[0]}"
-  deb_arch="${meta[1]}"
-
-  echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, DEB arch=$deb_arch)"
-  publish_binary "$rid"
-  package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$deb_arch"
-}
-
-print_summary() {
-  local pkg=""
-
-  echo ""
-  echo "================ Build Summary ================="
-  if [[ "${#BUILT_DEBS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
-    echo "Output directory: $OUTPUT_DIR"
-    for pkg in "${BUILT_DEBS[@]}"; do
-      echo "$pkg"
-    done
-  else
-    echo "No DEBs detected in summary (check build logs above)."
-  fi
-  echo "==============================================="
-}
-
-main() {
-  local targets=()
-  local arch=""
-
-  parse_args "$@"
-  detect_environment
-  install_dependencies
-  prepare_workspace
-  resolve_version
-
-  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
-
-  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
-    build_one_target "$arch"
-  done
-
-  print_summary
-}
-
-main "$@"
diff --git a/package-debian-riscv.sh b/package-debian-x86.sh
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 70%
rename from package-debian-riscv.sh
rename to package-debian-x86.sh
index 7d5bf6b7..50d60e22
--- a/package-debian-riscv.sh
+++ b/package-debian-x86.sh
@@ -8,14 +8,21 @@ BUILD_FROM=""
 XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
 SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
 
-MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
+MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
-DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.111"
-DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
-DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
-DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
+
+NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+DOTNET_SDK_DIR=""
+
+DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE="${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-nupkg-prebuild/releases/download}"
+SKIASHARP_BASE="${SKIASHARP_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/SkiaSharp-ppc64le/releases/download}"
+SkiaSharp_VERSION="${SkiaSharp_VERSION:-3.119.4}"
+HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION="${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION:-8.3.1.5}"
+
+DOTNET_SDK_VERSION="${DOTNET_SDK_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_X86_VERSION="${DOTNET_X86_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
 
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
@@ -24,6 +31,10 @@ HOST_ARCH=""
 SCRIPT_DIR=""
 PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
+BUILT_ALL=0
+
+X86_RID="linux-x86"
+X86_DEB_ARCH="i386"
 
 declare -a BUILT_DEBS=()
 
@@ -32,6 +43,13 @@ die() {
   exit 1
 }
 
+get_runtime_version() {
+  local sdk_ver="$1"
+  local prefix="${sdk_ver%.*}"
+  local patch="${sdk_ver##*.}"
+  echo "${prefix}.${patch#1}"
+}
+
 parse_args() {
   local first_arg="${1:-}"
 
@@ -82,8 +100,8 @@ This script only supports: Debian."
   esac
 
   case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    riscv64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports riscv64" ;;
+    x86_64|aarch64) ;;
+    *) die "This script cross-compiles linux-x86 from x86_64 or aarch64 only." ;;
   esac
 
   current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
@@ -91,11 +109,12 @@ This script only supports: Debian."
 
   [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
   echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
+  echo "[OK] Host architecture: $HOST_ARCH"
+  echo "[OK] Target: $X86_RID (Debian $X86_DEB_ARCH)"
 }
 
 install_dependencies() {
   local install_ok=0
-  local tmp_dotnet=""
 
   mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
 
@@ -103,14 +122,21 @@ install_dependencies() {
     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get -y install \
       curl unzip tar jq rsync ca-certificates git dpkg-dev fakeroot file \
-      desktop-file-utils xdg-utils wget gcc make pkg-config \
-      libicu-dev libssl-dev libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 zlib1g
+      desktop-file-utils xdg-utils wget python3
 
-    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
-    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
-    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
-    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
-    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
+    sudo dpkg --add-architecture "$X86_DEB_ARCH" || true
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get -y install \
+      "libc6:${X86_DEB_ARCH}" \
+      "libgcc-s1:${X86_DEB_ARCH}" \
+      "libstdc++6:${X86_DEB_ARCH}" \
+      "zlib1g:${X86_DEB_ARCH}" \
+      "libfontconfig1:${X86_DEB_ARCH}" \
+      "libfreetype6:${X86_DEB_ARCH}"
+
+    wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
+    chmod +x dotnet-install.sh
+    ./dotnet-install.sh --version "$DOTNET_SDK_VERSION" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet"
 
     export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
     export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
@@ -120,11 +146,30 @@ install_dependencies() {
 
   if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
     echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
-    echo "dotnet-riscv SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, gcc, make, dpkg-deb, fakeroot, libicu-dev, libssl-dev"
+    echo "dotnet-sdk 10.x, i386 runtime libraries (libc6, libgcc-s1, libstdc++6, zlib1g, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6)"
+    echo "curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, dpkg-deb, desktop-file-utils, xdg-utils"
     exit 1
   fi
 }
 
+prepare_deb_target_arch() {
+  local target_arch="$X86_DEB_ARCH"
+
+  echo "[+] Prepare Debian multiarch environment for $X86_RID: $target_arch"
+
+  sudo dpkg --add-architecture "$target_arch" || true
+  sudo apt-get update
+  sudo apt-get -y install \
+    "libc6:${target_arch}" \
+    "libgcc-s1:${target_arch}" \
+    "libstdc++6:${target_arch}" \
+    "zlib1g:${target_arch}" \
+    "libfontconfig1:${target_arch}" \
+    "libfreetype6:${target_arch}"
+
+  echo "[OK] Debian target libraries prepared for $target_arch"
+}
+
 prepare_workspace() {
   SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
   cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
@@ -257,13 +302,122 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
+download_nuget_packages() {
+  NUGET_CACHE_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  local x86_rt
+  x86_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_X86_VERSION")"
+
+  local urls=(
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${SkiaSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+  )
+
+  echo "[+] Downloading prebuilt NuGet packages to: $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+  local u pkg_name
+  for u in "${urls[@]}"; do
+    pkg_name="${u##*/}"
+    echo "  -> $pkg_name"
+    curl -fL "$u" -o "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR/$pkg_name" || {
+      echo "[!] Failed to download $u" >&2
+      rm -rf "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+      NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+      return 1
+    }
+  done
+
+  echo "[OK] Prebuilt NuGet packages ready in $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+}
+
+prepare_dotnet_sdk() {
+  echo "[+] Using host .NET SDK for cross-target $X86_RID"
+  dotnet --info
+  DOTNET_SDK_DIR="${DOTNET_ROOT:-$(dirname "$(command -v dotnet)")}"
+}
+
+patch_x86_sdk() {
+  local sdk_props=""
+  local sdk_version=""
+
+  sdk_version="$(dotnet --version)"
+  sdk_props="$DOTNET_ROOT/sdk/${sdk_version}/Microsoft.NETCoreSdk.BundledVersions.props"
+
+  [[ -f "$sdk_props" ]] || die "SDK props file not found: $sdk_props"
+
+  echo "[+] Patching SDK: $sdk_props"
+
+  python3 - "$sdk_props" <<'PY'
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+path = Path(sys.argv[1])
+text = path.read_text()
+old = text
+
+
+def add_attr_to_known_blocks(text, marker, attr):
+    start = 0
+    while True:
+        start = text.find(marker, start)
+        if start == -1:
+            break
+
+        end = text.find('/>', start)
+        if end == -1:
+            break
+
+        block = text[start:end]
+        attr_pos = block.find(attr)
+        if attr_pos != -1:
+            value_start = attr_pos + len(attr)
+            value_end = block.find('"', value_start)
+            if value_end != -1:
+                value = block[value_start:value_end]
+                values = value.split(';')
+                if 'linux-x86' not in values:
+                    value = value + ';linux-x86'
+                    block = block[:value_start] + value + block[value_end:]
+                    text = text[:start] + block + text[end:]
+                    end = start + len(block)
+        start = end + 2
+    return text
+
+for framework in ('Microsoft.NETCore.App', 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.App'):
+    text = add_attr_to_known_blocks(
+        text,
+        f'<KnownFrameworkReference Include="{framework}"',
+        'RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers="',
+    )
+
+text = add_attr_to_known_blocks(
+    text,
+    '<KnownAppHostPack',
+    'AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers="',
+)
+
+if text == old:
+    raise SystemExit('ERROR: No SDK RuntimePack/AppHost mapping was patched')
+
+path.write_text(text)
+PY
+
+  echo "===== Verify RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers ====="
+  grep -n 'RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers=' "$sdk_props" | grep 'linux-x86'
+
+  echo "===== Verify AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers ====="
+  grep -n 'AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers=' "$sdk_props" | grep 'linux-x86'
+}
+
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-32.zip" ;;
+    *)         return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -272,8 +426,8 @@ singbox_url_for_rid() {
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-386.tar.gz" ;;
+    *)         return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -281,8 +435,8 @@ bundle_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-86.zip" ;;
+    *)         return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -303,7 +457,7 @@ download_xray() {
   fi
 
   [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID for upstream Xray: $rid (skipped)"; return 0; }
 
   echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
 
@@ -475,27 +629,38 @@ stage_runtime_assets() {
 }
 
 describe_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-
-  case "$short" in
-    riscv64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-riscv64" "riscv64" ;;
-    *)       echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use riscv64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
-  esac
+  printf '%s\n%s\n' "$X86_RID" "$X86_DEB_ARCH"
 }
 
 publish_binary() {
   local rid="$1"
 
+  patch_x86_sdk
   dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
   rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true \
+    --force-evaluate
+
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
+    -c Release \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:PublishSingleFile=false \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    --no-restore
 }
 
 write_launcher_file() {
   local stage="$1"
 
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/bin/v2rayn" <<'EOF'
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/bin/v2rayn" <<'EOF_LAUNCHER'
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
@@ -514,13 +679,13 @@ done
 echo "v2rayN launcher: no executable found in $DIR" >&2
 ls -l "$DIR" >&2 || true
 exit 1
-EOF
+EOF_LAUNCHER
 }
 
 write_desktop_file() {
   local stage="$1"
 
-  install -m 644 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/share/applications/v2rayn.desktop" <<'EOF'
+  install -m 644 /dev/stdin "$stage/usr/share/applications/v2rayn.desktop" <<'EOF_DESKTOP'
 [Desktop Entry]
 Type=Application
 Name=v2rayN
@@ -529,13 +694,13 @@ Exec=v2rayn
 Icon=v2rayn
 Terminal=false
 Categories=Network;
-EOF
+EOF_DESKTOP
 }
 
 write_maintainer_scripts() {
   local debian_dir="$1"
 
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postinst" <<'EOF'
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postinst" <<'EOF_POSTINST'
 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
 update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
@@ -543,9 +708,9 @@ if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
 fi
 exit 0
-EOF
+EOF_POSTINST
 
-  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postrm" <<'EOF'
+  install -m 755 /dev/stdin "$debian_dir/postrm" <<'EOF_POSTRM'
 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
 update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
@@ -553,7 +718,7 @@ if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   gtk-update-icon-cache -f /usr/share/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
 fi
 exit 0
-EOF
+EOF_POSTRM
 }
 
 package_binary() {
@@ -595,10 +760,12 @@ package_binary() {
   write_desktop_file "$stage"
   write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"
 
-  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"
-  
+  prepare_deb_target_arch
+
+  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.36), fontconfig (>= 2.14.1), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.1), bash (>= 5.2.15), libfreetype6 (>= 2.12)"
+
   mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
-  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
+  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF_CONTROL
 Source: v2rayn
 Section: net
 Priority: optional
@@ -608,7 +775,7 @@ Standards-Version: 4.7.0
 Package: v2rayn
 Architecture: ${deb_arch}
 Description: v2rayN
-EOF
+EOF_CONTROL
 
   multiarch="$(dpkg-architecture -a"$deb_arch" -qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH)"
   sys_libdir="/lib/$multiarch"
@@ -629,7 +796,7 @@ EOF
         -l"$sys_usrlibdir" \
         -T"$debian_dir/substvars" \
         "${ELF_FILES[@]}"
-    ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    ) || true
   fi
 
   shlibs_depends="$(sed -n 's/^shlibs:Depends=//p' "$debian_dir/substvars" | head -n1 || true)"
@@ -644,7 +811,7 @@ EOF
     final_depends="${extra_depends}"
   fi
 
-  cat > "$debian_dir/control" <<EOF
+  cat > "$debian_dir/control" <<EOF_CONTROL2
 Package: v2rayn
 Version: ${VERSION}
 Architecture: ${deb_arch}
@@ -656,7 +823,7 @@ Depends: ${final_depends}
 Description: v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
  Support vless / vmess / Trojan / http / socks / Anytls / Hysteria2 /
  Shadowsocks / tuic / WireGuard.
-EOF
+EOF_CONTROL2
 
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
@@ -670,21 +837,13 @@ EOF
   BUILT_DEBS+=("$deb_out")
 }
 
-select_targets() {
-  printf '%s\n' riscv64
-}
-
 build_one_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local meta=()
-  local rid=""
-  local deb_arch=""
-
-  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
-  rid="${meta[0]}"
-  deb_arch="${meta[1]}"
+  local short="x86"
+  local rid="$X86_RID"
+  local deb_arch="$X86_DEB_ARCH"
 
   echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, DEB arch=$deb_arch)"
+  prepare_dotnet_sdk
   publish_binary "$rid"
   package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$deb_arch"
 }
@@ -706,20 +865,17 @@ print_summary() {
 }
 
 main() {
-  local targets=()
-  local arch=""
-
   parse_args "$@"
   detect_environment
   install_dependencies
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
 
-  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
+  download_nuget_packages || die "Failed to download prebuilt NuGet packages."
 
-  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
-    build_one_target "$arch"
-  done
+  build_one_target
+
+  rm -rf "${NUGET_CACHE_DIR:-}" || true
 
   print_summary
 }
diff --git a/package-debian.sh b/package-debian.sh
index c8e2448c..1e6a8612 100755
--- a/package-debian.sh
+++ b/package-debian.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,30 @@ PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
 
+NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE="${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-nupkg-prebuild/releases/download}"
+SKIASHARP_BASE="${SKIASHARP_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/SkiaSharp-ppc64le/releases/download}"
+SkiaSharp_VERSION="${SkiaSharp_VERSION:-3.119.4}"
+HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION="${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION:-8.3.1.5}"
+
+DOTNET_SDK_VERSION="${DOTNET_SDK_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+
+DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-riscv/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}}"
+
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE:-https://github.com/IBM/dotnet-s390x/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION}-linux-ppc64le.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE}/v${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION}/${DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE}}"
+
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG:-v10.0.114-loongarch64}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE:-https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}}"
+
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
 OS_VERSION_ID=""
@@ -21,6 +45,7 @@ HOST_ARCH=""
 SCRIPT_DIR=""
 PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
+BUILT_ALL=0
 
 declare -a BUILT_DEBS=()
 
@@ -29,6 +54,13 @@ die() {
   exit 1
 }
 
+get_runtime_version() {
+  local sdk_ver="$1"
+  local prefix="${sdk_ver%.*}"
+  local patch="${sdk_ver##*.}"
+  echo "${prefix}.${patch#1}"
+}
+
 parse_args() {
   local first_arg="${1:-}"
 
@@ -80,8 +112,8 @@ This script only supports: Debian."
   esac
 
   case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    x86_64|aarch64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports aarch64 / x86_64" ;;
+    x86_64|aarch64|riscv64|ppc64le|loongarch64) ;;
+    *) die "Only supports x86_64 / aarch64 / riscv64 / ppc64le / loongarch64" ;;
   esac
 
   current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
@@ -106,26 +138,38 @@ install_dependencies() {
     case "$HOST_ARCH" in
       aarch64) foreign_arch="amd64" ;;
       x86_64)  foreign_arch="arm64" ;;
-      *)       die "Only supports aarch64 / x86_64" ;;
+      riscv64|ppc64le|loongarch64)
+        foreign_arch=""
+        ;;
+      *)       die "Only supports x86_64 / aarch64 / riscv64 / ppc64le / loongarch64" ;;
     esac
 
-    sudo dpkg --add-architecture "$foreign_arch" || true
-    sudo apt-get update
-    sudo apt-get -y install \
-      "libc6:${foreign_arch}" \
-      "libgcc-s1:${foreign_arch}" \
-      "libstdc++6:${foreign_arch}" \
-      "zlib1g:${foreign_arch}" \
-      "libfontconfig1:${foreign_arch}"
+    if [[ -n "$foreign_arch" ]]; then
+      sudo dpkg --add-architecture "$foreign_arch" || true
+      sudo apt-get update
+      sudo apt-get -y install \
+        "libc6:${foreign_arch}" \
+        "libgcc-s1:${foreign_arch}" \
+        "libstdc++6:${foreign_arch}" \
+        "zlib1g:${foreign_arch}" \
+        "libfontconfig1:${foreign_arch}"
+    fi
 
-    wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
-    chmod +x dotnet-install.sh
-    ./dotnet-install.sh --channel 10.0.1xx --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet"
+    case "$HOST_ARCH" in
+      x86_64|aarch64)
+        wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
+        chmod +x dotnet-install.sh
+        ./dotnet-install.sh --version "$DOTNET_SDK_VERSION" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet"
 
-    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
-    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+        export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
+        export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
 
-    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
+        dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
+        ;;
+      riscv64|ppc64le|loongarch64)
+        install_ok=1
+        ;;
+    esac
   fi
 
   if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
@@ -135,6 +179,61 @@ install_dependencies() {
   fi
 }
 
+prepare_deb_target_arch() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local target_arch=""
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH:$short" in
+    x86_64:ppc64le|aarch64:ppc64le)
+      target_arch="ppc64el"
+      ;;
+    x86_64:riscv64|aarch64:riscv64)
+      target_arch="riscv64"
+      ;;
+    x86_64:loong64|aarch64:loong64)
+      target_arch="loong64"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 0
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  echo "[+] Prepare Debian multiarch environment for $short: $target_arch"
+
+  sudo dpkg --add-architecture "$target_arch" || true
+
+  if [[ "$target_arch" == "loong64" ]]; then
+    echo "[+] Add Loong13 Debian Trixie source for loong64"
+
+    cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/loong64-loong13.list >/dev/null
+deb [arch=loong64] http://loong13.debian.net/debian-loong64/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
+deb [arch=loong64] http://loong13.debian.net/debian-loong64-security/ trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
+EOF
+
+    echo "[+] Install Loong13 archive keyring"
+
+    tmp_keyring="$(mktemp -d)"
+    curl -fL \
+      "http://loong13.debian.net/debian-loong64/pool/main/d/debian-loong64-non-official-archive-keyring/debian-loong64-non-official-archive-keyring_2025.12.22_all.deb" \
+      -o "$tmp_keyring/loong13-keyring.deb"
+
+    sudo dpkg -i "$tmp_keyring/loong13-keyring.deb"
+    rm -rf "$tmp_keyring"
+  fi
+
+  sudo apt-get update
+
+  sudo apt-get -y install \
+    "libc6:${target_arch}" \
+    "libgcc-s1:${target_arch}" \
+    "libstdc++6:${target_arch}" \
+    "zlib1g:${target_arch}" \
+    "libfontconfig1:${target_arch}" \
+    "libfreetype6:${target_arch}"
+
+  echo "[OK] Debian target libraries prepared for $target_arch"
+}
+
 prepare_workspace() {
   SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
   cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
@@ -267,14 +366,115 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
+download_nuget_packages() {
+  NUGET_CACHE_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  local riscv_rt ppc64le_rt loong_rt
+  riscv_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION")"
+  ppc64le_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION")"
+  loong_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION")"
+
+  local urls=(
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${SkiaSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+  )
+
+  echo "[+] Downloading prebuilt NuGet packages to: $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+  local u pkg_name
+  for u in "${urls[@]}"; do
+    pkg_name="${u##*/}"
+    echo "  -> $pkg_name"
+    curl -fL "$u" -o "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR/$pkg_name" || {
+      echo "[!] Failed to download $u" >&2
+      rm -rf "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+      NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+      return 1
+    }
+  done
+
+  echo "[OK] Prebuilt NuGet packages ready in $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+}
+
+prepare_dotnet_sdk() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local sdk_url=""
+  local sdk_file=""
+  local sdk_dir=""
+  local tmp=""
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH:$short" in
+    x86_64:x64|aarch64:arm64)
+      return 0
+      ;;
+    riscv64:riscv64)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
+      ;;
+    ppc64le:ppc64le)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE"
+      ;;
+    loongarch64:loong64)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 0
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  sdk_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  echo "[+] Download .NET SDK for $short: $sdk_url"
+
+  curl -fL "$sdk_url" -o "$tmp/$sdk_file" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp" "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  tar -C "$sdk_dir" -xzf "$tmp/$sdk_file" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp" "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+
+  [[ -x "$sdk_dir/dotnet" ]] || {
+    rm -rf "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  export DOTNET_ROOT="$sdk_dir"
+  export PATH="$DOTNET_ROOT:$PATH"
+  hash -r
+
+  echo "[OK] .NET SDK for $short extracted to: $sdk_dir"
+  dotnet --info
+
+  DOTNET_SDK_DIR="$sdk_dir"
+}
+
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-64.zip" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-arm64-v8a.zip" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-64.zip" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-arm64-v8a.zip" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-ppc64le.zip" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -283,9 +483,12 @@ singbox_url_for_rid() {
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-arm64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-arm64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-ppc64le.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -293,9 +496,12 @@ bundle_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-64.zip" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-arm64.zip" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-64.zip" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-arm64.zip" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-ppc64le.zip" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -316,7 +522,7 @@ download_xray() {
   fi
 
   [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID for upstream Xray: $rid (skipped)"; return 0; }
 
   echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
 
@@ -476,7 +682,7 @@ stage_runtime_assets() {
 
   if [[ "$FORCE_NETCORE" -eq 0 ]]; then
     if populate_assets_zip_mode "$outroot" "$rid"; then
-      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle bin assets."
+      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle archive."
     else
       echo "[*] Bundle failed, fallback to separate core + rules."
       populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
@@ -491,9 +697,12 @@ describe_target() {
   local short="$1"
 
   case "$short" in
-    x64)   printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-x64" "amd64" ;;
-    arm64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-arm64" "arm64" ;;
-    *)     echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use x64|arm64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+    x64)     printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-x64" "amd64" ;;
+    arm64)   printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-arm64" "arm64" ;;
+    riscv64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-riscv64" "riscv64" ;;
+    ppc64le) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-ppc64le" "ppc64el" ;;
+    loong64) printf '%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loong64" ;;
+    *)       echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use x64|arm64|riscv64|ppc64le|loong64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -502,8 +711,18 @@ publish_binary() {
 
   dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
   rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
+    -c Release \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:PublishSingleFile=false \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    --no-restore
 }
 
 write_launcher_file() {
@@ -609,6 +828,8 @@ package_binary() {
   write_desktop_file "$stage"
   write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"
 
+  prepare_deb_target_arch "$short"
+
   extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"
 
   mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
@@ -643,7 +864,7 @@ EOF
         -l"$sys_usrlibdir" \
         -T"$debian_dir/substvars" \
         "${ELF_FILES[@]}"
-    ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    ) || true
   fi
 
   shlibs_depends="$(sed -n 's/^shlibs:Depends=//p' "$debian_dir/substvars" | head -n1 || true)"
@@ -676,15 +897,6 @@ EOF
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
   [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" || true
 
-  # Core binaries must be executable before installation: ordinary users cannot
-  # chmod the root-owned files installed by dpkg.
-  local core
-  for core in xray/xray sing_box/sing-box mihomo/mihomo; do
-    if [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/bin/$core" ]]; then
-      chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/bin/$core"
-    fi
-  done
-
   deb_out="$OUTPUT_DIR/v2rayn_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}.deb"
   dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "$stage" "$deb_out"
 
@@ -695,9 +907,12 @@ EOF
 
 select_targets() {
   case "${ARCH_OVERRIDE:-}" in
-    all)           printf '%s\n' x64 arm64 ;;
-    x64|amd64)     printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
-    arm64|aarch64) printf '%s\n' arm64 ;;
+    all)                 printf '%s\n' x64 arm64 riscv64 ppc64le loong64 ;;
+    x64|amd64)           printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
+    arm64|aarch64)       printf '%s\n' arm64 ;;
+    riscv64)             printf '%s\n' riscv64 ;;
+    ppc64le|ppc64el)     printf '%s\n' ppc64le ;;
+    loong64|loongarch64) printf '%s\n' loong64 ;;
     "")
       case "$HOST_ARCH" in
         x86_64)  printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
@@ -706,7 +921,7 @@ select_targets() {
       esac
       ;;
     *)
-      echo "Unknown --arch '${ARCH_OVERRIDE}'. Use x64|arm64|all." >&2
+      echo "Unknown --arch '${ARCH_OVERRIDE}'. Use x64|arm64|riscv64|ppc64le|loong64|all." >&2
       return 1
       ;;
   esac
@@ -723,6 +938,7 @@ build_one_target() {
   deb_arch="${meta[1]}"
 
   echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, DEB arch=$deb_arch)"
+  prepare_dotnet_sdk "$short" || die "Failed to prepare .NET SDK for $short."
   publish_binary "$rid"
   package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$deb_arch"
 }
@@ -753,12 +969,18 @@ main() {
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
 
+  download_nuget_packages || die "Failed to download prebuilt NuGet packages."
+
   mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
+  [[ "${ARCH_OVERRIDE:-}" == "all" ]] && BUILT_ALL=1 || BUILT_ALL=0
 
   for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
     build_one_target "$arch"
   done
 
+  rm -rf "${NUGET_CACHE_DIR:-}" || true
+  rm -rf "${DOTNET_SDK_DIR:-}" || true
+
   print_summary
 }
 
diff --git a/package-rhel-loong.sh b/package-rhel-loong.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 5461ed0b..00000000
--- a/package-rhel-loong.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,698 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-VERSION_ARG=""
-WITH_CORE="both"
-FORCE_NETCORE=0
-BUILD_FROM=""
-XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
-SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
-
-MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
-PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
-PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
-RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.111"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.111-loongarch64"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
-DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}"
-
-OS_ID=""
-OS_NAME=""
-OS_VERSION_ID=""
-HOST_ARCH=""
-SCRIPT_DIR=""
-PROJECT=""
-VERSION=""
-
-declare -a BUILT_RPMS=()
-
-die() {
-  echo "$*" >&2
-  exit 1
-}
-
-parse_args() {
-  local first_arg="${1:-}"
-
-  if [[ -n "$first_arg" && "$first_arg" != --* ]]; then
-    VERSION_ARG="$first_arg"
-    shift || true
-  fi
-
-  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
-    case "$1" in
-      --with-core)   WITH_CORE="${2:-both}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --xray-ver)    XRAY_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --singbox-ver) SING_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      --netcore)     FORCE_NETCORE=1; shift ;;
-      --buildfrom)   BUILD_FROM="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
-      *)
-        [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]] || VERSION_ARG="$1"
-        shift
-        ;;
-    esac
-  done
-
-  if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" && -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
-    die "You cannot specify both an explicit version and --buildfrom at the same time.
-        Provide either a version (e.g. 7.14.0) OR --buildfrom 1|2|3."
-  fi
-}
-
-detect_environment() {
-  local current_kernel=""
-  local lowest=""
-
-  . /etc/os-release
-
-  OS_ID="${ID:-}"
-  OS_NAME="${NAME:-$OS_ID}"
-  OS_VERSION_ID="${VERSION_ID:-}"
-  HOST_ARCH="$(uname -m)"
-
-  case "$OS_ID" in
-    rhel|rocky|almalinux|fedora|centos|anolis)
-      echo "Detected supported system: ${OS_NAME:-$OS_ID} ${OS_VERSION_ID:-}"
-      ;;
-    *)
-      die "Unsupported system: ${OS_NAME:-unknown} (${OS_ID:-unknown}).
-This script only supports: RHEL / Rocky / AlmaLinux / Fedora / CentOS / Anolis OS."
-      ;;
-  esac
-
-  case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    loongarch64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports loongarch64" ;;
-  esac
-
-  current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
-  lowest="$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$MIN_KERNEL" "$current_kernel" | sort -V | head -n1)"
-
-  [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
-  echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
-}
-
-install_dependencies() {
-  local install_ok=0
-  local tmp_dotnet=""
-
-  if command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    sudo dnf -y --nogpgcheck install \
-      rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync git python3 \
-      glibc-devel kernel-headers libatomic file ca-certificates libicu \
-      && install_ok=1
-
-    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
-    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
-    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
-    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
-    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
-
-    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
-    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
-    
-    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 || install_ok=0
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
-    echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
-    echo "dotnet-loongarch SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, python3, rpm, rpmdevtools, rpm-build (on Red Hat branch)"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
-
-prepare_workspace() {
-  SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
-  cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
-
-  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
-    git submodule sync --recursive || true
-    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
-  fi
-
-  PROJECT="$PROJECT_HINT"
-  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || PROJECT="$(find . -maxdepth 3 -name 'v2rayN.Desktop.csproj' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || die "v2rayN.Desktop.csproj not found"
-}
-
-choose_channel() {
-  local ch="latest"
-  local sel=""
-
-  if [[ -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
-    case "$BUILD_FROM" in
-      1) echo "latest"; return 0 ;;
-      2) echo "prerelease"; return 0 ;;
-      3) echo "keep"; return 0 ;;
-      *) die "[ERROR] Invalid --buildfrom value: ${BUILD_FROM}. Use 1|2|3." ;;
-    esac
-  fi
-
-  if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
-    echo "[?] Choose v2rayN release channel:" >&2
-    echo "    1) Latest (stable)  [default]" >&2
-    echo "    2) Pre-release (preview)" >&2
-    echo "    3) Keep current (do nothing)" >&2
-    printf "Enter 1, 2 or 3 [default 1]: " >&2
-
-    if read -r sel </dev/tty; then
-      case "${sel:-}" in
-        2) ch="prerelease" ;;
-        3) ch="keep" ;;
-      esac
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  echo "$ch"
-}
-
-get_latest_tag_latest() {
-  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases/latest" \
-    | jq -re '.tag_name' \
-    | sed 's/^v//'
-}
-
-get_latest_tag_prerelease() {
-  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases?per_page=20" \
-    | jq -re 'first(.[] | select(.prerelease == true) | .tag_name)' \
-    | sed 's/^v//'
-}
-
-sync_submodules() {
-  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
-    git submodule sync --recursive || true
-    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
-  fi
-}
-
-git_try_checkout() {
-  local want="$1"
-  local ref=""
-
-  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    git fetch --tags --force --prune --depth=1 || true
-    git rev-parse "refs/tags/${want}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && ref="$want"
-
-    if [[ -n "$ref" ]]; then
-      echo "[OK] Found ref '${ref}', checking out..."
-      git checkout -f "$ref"
-      sync_submodules
-      return 0
-    fi
-  fi
-
-  return 1
-}
-
-apply_channel_or_keep() {
-  local ch="$1"
-  local tag=""
-
-  if [[ "$ch" == "keep" ]]; then
-    echo "[*] Keep current repository state (no checkout)."
-    VERSION="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo '0.0.0+git')"
-    VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
-    return 0
-  fi
-  git remote add upstream https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN || true
-  git fetch upstream
-
-  echo "[*] Resolving ${ch} tag from GitHub releases..."
-
-  case "$ch" in
-    latest)     tag="$(get_latest_tag_latest || true)" ;;
-    prerelease) tag="$(get_latest_tag_prerelease || true)" ;;
-    *)          die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'." ;;
-  esac
-
-  [[ -n "$tag" ]] || die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'."
-
-  echo "[*] Latest tag for '${ch}': ${tag}"
-  git_try_checkout "$tag" || die "Failed to checkout '${tag}'."
-  VERSION="${tag#v}"
-}
-
-resolve_version() {
-  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]]; then
-      local clean_ver="${VERSION_ARG#v}"
-
-      if git_try_checkout "$clean_ver"; then
-        VERSION="$clean_ver"
-      else
-        echo "[WARN] Tag '${VERSION_ARG}' not found."
-        apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
-      fi
-    else
-      apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
-    fi
-  else
-    echo "Current directory is not a git repo; proceeding on current tree."
-    VERSION="${VERSION_ARG:-0.0.0}"
-  fi
-
-  VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
-  echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
-}
-
-xray_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-  local ver="$2"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-singbox_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-  local ver="$2"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-bundle_url_for_rid() {
-  local rid="$1"
-
-  case "$rid" in
-    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
-    *)                 return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-download_xray() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local ver="${XRAY_VER:-}"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
-    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/latest \
-      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
-      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
-      | head -n1)" || true
-  fi
-
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-}
-
-download_singbox() {
-  local outdir="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local ver="${SING_VER:-}"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-  local bin=""
-  local cronet=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$outdir"
-
-  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
-    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/latest \
-      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
-      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
-      | head -n1)" || true
-  fi
-
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Download sing-box: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  bin="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'sing-box' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || { echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  cronet="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'libcronet*.so*' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$cronet" ]] && install -m 644 "$cronet" "$outdir/libcronet.so" || true
-
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-}
-
-unify_geo_layout() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local n
-  local names=(
-    geosite.dat
-    geoip.dat
-    geoip-only-cn-private.dat
-    Country.mmdb
-    geoip.metadb
-  )
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-
-  for n in "${names[@]}"; do
-    if [[ -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" ]]; then
-      mv -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" "$outroot/bin/$n"
-    fi
-  done
-}
-
-download_geo_assets() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local bin_dir="$outroot/bin"
-  local srss_dir="$bin_dir/srss"
-  local f=""
-
-  mkdir -p "$bin_dir" "$srss_dir"
-
-  echo "[+] Download Xray Geo to ${bin_dir}"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
-
-  echo "[+] Download sing-box rule DB & rule-sets"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
-
-  for f in geoip-private.srs geoip-cn.srs geoip-facebook.srs geoip-fastly.srs geoip-google.srs geoip-netflix.srs geoip-telegram.srs geoip-twitter.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
-  done
-
-  for f in geosite-cn.srs geosite-gfw.srs geosite-google.srs geosite-greatfire.srs geosite-geolocation-cn.srs geosite-category-ads-all.srs geosite-private.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
-  done
-
-  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
-}
-
-populate_assets_zip_mode() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local url=""
-  local tmp=""
-  local nested_dir=""
-
-  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || { echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
-
-  echo "[+] Try v2rayN bundle archive: $url"
-
-  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || { echo "[!] Bundle download failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || { echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-
-  if [[ -d "$tmp/bin" ]]; then
-    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-    rsync -a "$tmp/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
-  else
-    rsync -a "$tmp/" "$outroot/"
-  fi
-
-  rm -f "$outroot/v2rayn.zip" 2>/dev/null || true
-  find "$outroot" -type d -name "mihomo" -prune -exec rm -rf {} + 2>/dev/null || true
-
-  nested_dir="$(find "$outroot" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'v2rayN-linux-*' | head -n1 || true)"
-  if [[ -n "$nested_dir" && -d "$nested_dir/bin" ]]; then
-    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
-    rsync -a "$nested_dir/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
-    rm -rf "$nested_dir"
-  fi
-
-  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
-  rm -rf "$tmp"
-
-  echo "[+] Bundle extracted to $outroot"
-}
-
-populate_assets_netcore_mode() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
-
-  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "xray" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "sing-box" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
-  fi
-
-  download_geo_assets "$outroot" || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
-}
-
-stage_runtime_assets() {
-  local outroot="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-
-  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
-
-  if [[ "$FORCE_NETCORE" -eq 0 ]]; then
-    if populate_assets_zip_mode "$outroot" "$rid"; then
-      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle archive."
-    else
-      echo "[*] Bundle failed, fallback to separate core + rules."
-      populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
-    fi
-  else
-    echo "[*] --netcore specified: use separate core + rules."
-    populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
-  fi
-}
-
-describe_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-
-  case "$short" in
-    loongarch64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loongarch64" "loongarch64" ;;
-    *)           echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use loongarch64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
-  esac
-}
-
-publish_binary() {
-  local rid="$1"
-
-  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
-  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
-}
-
-write_spec_file() {
-  local specfile="$1"
-
-  cat > "$specfile" <<'SPEC'
-%global debug_package %{nil}
-%undefine _debuginfo_subpackages
-%undefine _debugsource_packages
-%global __requires_exclude ^liblttng-ust\.so\..*$
-
-Name:           v2rayN
-Version:        __VERSION__
-Release:        1%{?dist}
-Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
-License:        GPL-3.0-only
-URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
-BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
-ExclusiveArch:  loongarch64
-Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz
-
-Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
-Requires:       glibc >= 2.39
-Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.15.0
-Requires:       desktop-file-utils >= 0.26
-Requires:       xdg-utils >= 1.1.3
-Requires:       coreutils >= 9.4
-Requires:       bash >= 5.2.21
-Requires:       freetype >= 2.13
-
-%description
-v2rayN Linux for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
-Support vless / vmess / Trojan / http / socks / Anytls / Hysteria2 / Shadowsocks / tuic / WireGuard
-Support Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Fedora Linux / Rocky Linux / AlmaLinux / CentOS / Anolis OS
-For more information, Please visit our website
-https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
-
-%prep
-%setup -q -n __PKGROOT__
-
-%build
-
-%install
-install -dm0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN
-cp -a * %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/
-
-find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
-find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
-[ -f %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN ] && chmod 0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN || :
-
-install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_bindir}
-install -m0755 /dev/stdin %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/v2rayn << 'EOF'
-#!/usr/bin/bash
-set -euo pipefail
-DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
-
-if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then exec "$DIR/v2rayN" "$@"; fi
-
-for dll in v2rayN.Desktop.dll v2rayN.dll; do
-  if [[ -f "$DIR/$dll" ]]; then exec /usr/bin/dotnet "$DIR/$dll" "$@"; fi
-done
-
-echo "v2rayN launcher: no executable found in $DIR" >&2
-ls -l "$DIR" >&2 || true
-exit 1
-EOF
-
-install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications
-install -m0644 /dev/stdin %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications/v2rayn.desktop << 'EOF'
-[Desktop Entry]
-Type=Application
-Name=v2rayN
-Comment=v2rayN for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
-Exec=v2rayn
-Icon=v2rayn
-Terminal=false
-Categories=Network;
-EOF
-
-install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps
-install -m0644 %{_builddir}/__PKGROOT__/v2rayn.png %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png
-
-%post
-/usr/bin/update-desktop-database %{_datadir}/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache -f %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-
-%postun
-/usr/bin/update-desktop-database %{_datadir}/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache -f %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-
-%files
-%{_bindir}/v2rayn
-/opt/v2rayN
-%{_datadir}/applications/v2rayn.desktop
-%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png
-SPEC
-
-  sed -i "s/__VERSION__/${VERSION}/g" "$specfile"
-  sed -i "s/__PKGROOT__/${PKGROOT}/g" "$specfile"
-}
-
-package_binary() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local rid="$2"
-  local rpm_target="$3"
-  local archdir="$4"
-  local pubdir=""
-  local workdir=""
-  local specfile=""
-  local sourcedir=""
-  local specdir=""
-  local project_dir=""
-  local icon_candidate=""
-  local f=""
-
-  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
-  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
-
-  workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
-  trap '[[ -n "${workdir:-}" ]] && rm -rf "$workdir"' RETURN
-
-  mkdir -p "$workdir/$PKGROOT"
-  cp -a "$pubdir/." "$workdir/$PKGROOT/"
-
-  project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
-  icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
-  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] || { echo "Required icon not found: $icon_candidate"; return 1; }
-  cp "$icon_candidate" "$workdir/$PKGROOT/v2rayn.png"
-
-  stage_runtime_assets "$workdir/$PKGROOT" "$rid"
-
-  rpmdev-setuptree
-  sourcedir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SOURCES"
-  specdir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SPECS"
-  specfile="${specdir}/v2rayN.spec"
-
-  mkdir -p "$sourcedir" "$specdir"
-  tar -C "$workdir" -czf "$sourcedir/$PKGROOT.tar.gz" "$PKGROOT"
-
-  write_spec_file "$specfile"
-  rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
-
-  echo "Build done for $short. RPM at:"
-  for f in "${RPM_TOPDIR}/RPMS/${archdir}/v2rayN-${VERSION}-1"*.rpm; do
-    [[ -e "$f" ]] || continue
-    echo "  $f"
-    BUILT_RPMS+=("$f")
-  done
-}
-
-select_targets() {
-  printf '%s\n' loongarch64
-}
-
-build_one_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local meta=()
-  local rid=""
-  local rpm_target=""
-  local archdir=""
-
-  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
-  rid="${meta[0]}"
-  rpm_target="${meta[1]}"
-  archdir="${meta[2]}"
-
-  echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, RPM --target $rpm_target)"
-  publish_binary "$rid"
-  package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$rpm_target" "$archdir"
-}
-
-print_summary() {
-  local rp=""
-
-  echo ""
-  echo "================ Build Summary ================"
-  if [[ "${#BUILT_RPMS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
-    for rp in "${BUILT_RPMS[@]}"; do
-      echo "$rp"
-    done
-  else
-    echo "No RPMs detected in summary (check build logs above)."
-  fi
-  echo "=============================================="
-}
-
-main() {
-  local targets=()
-  local arch=""
-
-  parse_args "$@"
-  detect_environment
-  install_dependencies
-  prepare_workspace
-  resolve_version
-
-  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
-
-  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
-    build_one_target "$arch"
-  done
-
-  print_summary
-}
-
-main "$@"
diff --git a/package-rhel-riscv.sh b/package-rhel-x86.sh
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 56%
rename from package-rhel-riscv.sh
rename to package-rhel-x86.sh
index a69e38f6..8f8f34f3
--- a/package-rhel-riscv.sh
+++ b/package-rhel-x86.sh
@@ -8,14 +8,19 @@ BUILD_FROM=""
 XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
 SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
 
-MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
+MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
-DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.111"
-DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
-DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
-DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
+
+NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE="${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-nupkg-prebuild/releases/download}"
+SKIASHARP_BASE="${SKIASHARP_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/SkiaSharp-ppc64le/releases/download}"
+SkiaSharp_VERSION="${SkiaSharp_VERSION:-3.119.4}"
+HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION="${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION:-8.3.1.5}"
+
+DOTNET_SDK_VERSION="${DOTNET_SDK_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_X86_VERSION="${DOTNET_X86_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
 
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
@@ -24,6 +29,13 @@ HOST_ARCH=""
 SCRIPT_DIR=""
 PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
+BUILT_ALL=0
+
+X86_RID="linux-x86"
+X86_RPM_ARCH="i686"
+
+RPM_STRIP=""
+RPM_OBJDUMP=""
 
 declare -a BUILT_RPMS=()
 
@@ -32,6 +44,13 @@ die() {
   exit 1
 }
 
+get_runtime_version() {
+  local sdk_ver="$1"
+  local prefix="${sdk_ver%.*}"
+  local patch="${sdk_ver##*.}"
+  echo "${prefix}.${patch#1}"
+}
+
 parse_args() {
   local first_arg="${1:-}"
 
@@ -82,8 +101,8 @@ This script only supports: RHEL / Rocky / AlmaLinux / Fedora / CentOS."
   esac
 
   case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    riscv64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports riscv64" ;;
+    x86_64|aarch64) ;;
+    *) die "This script cross-builds linux-x86/i686 from x86_64 or aarch64 only." ;;
   esac
 
   current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
@@ -91,37 +110,68 @@ This script only supports: RHEL / Rocky / AlmaLinux / Fedora / CentOS."
 
   [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
   echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
+  echo "[OK] Host architecture: $HOST_ARCH"
+  echo "[OK] Target: $X86_RID (RPM $X86_RPM_ARCH)"
 }
 
 install_dependencies() {
   local install_ok=0
-  local tmp_dotnet=""
 
   if command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
     sudo dnf -y install \
-      rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync git python3 \
-      glibc-devel kernel-headers libatomic file ca-certificates libicu \
+      rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync \
+      python3 binutils wget libicu \
       && install_ok=1
 
-    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
-    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
-    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
-    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
-    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
+    case "$HOST_ARCH" in
+      x86_64|aarch64)
+        wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
+        chmod +x dotnet-install.sh
+        ./dotnet-install.sh --version "$DOTNET_SDK_VERSION" --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet"
 
-    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
-    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+        export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
+        export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
 
-    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 || install_ok=0
+        dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
+        ;;
+      *)
+        die "This script cross-builds linux-x86/i686 from x86_64 or aarch64 only."
+        ;;
+    esac
   fi
 
   if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
     echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
-    echo "dotnet-riscv SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, python3, rpm, rpmdevtools, rpm-build (on Red Hat branch)"
+    echo "dotnet 10.x, python3, rpm, rpmdevtools, rpm-build, binutils"
+    echo "curl, unzip, tar, rsync, jq, wget"
     exit 1
   fi
 }
 
+prepare_cross_rpm_tools() {
+  local target="$1"
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH:$target" in
+    x86_64:i686|aarch64:i686)
+      echo "[+] Prepare host RPM binutils for $target"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      RPM_STRIP=""
+      RPM_OBJDUMP=""
+      return 0
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  command -v strip >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "strip tool not found"
+  command -v objdump >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "objdump tool not found"
+
+  RPM_STRIP="$(command -v strip)"
+  RPM_OBJDUMP="$(command -v objdump)"
+
+  echo "[OK] RPM strip:   $RPM_STRIP"
+  echo "[OK] RPM objdump: $RPM_OBJDUMP"
+}
+
 prepare_workspace() {
   SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
   cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
@@ -254,13 +304,156 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
+download_nuget_packages() {
+  NUGET_CACHE_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  local x86_rt
+  x86_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_X86_VERSION")"
+
+  local urls=(
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${x86_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-x86.${x86_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${SkiaSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+  )
+
+  echo "[+] Downloading prebuilt NuGet packages to: $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+  local u pkg_name
+  for u in "${urls[@]}"; do
+    pkg_name="${u##*/}"
+    echo "  -> $pkg_name"
+    curl -fL "$u" -o "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR/$pkg_name" || {
+      echo "[!] Failed to download $u" >&2
+      rm -rf "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+      NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+      return 1
+    }
+  done
+
+  echo "[OK] Prebuilt NuGet packages ready in $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+}
+
+prepare_dotnet_sdk() {
+  echo "[+] Using host .NET SDK for cross-target $X86_RID"
+
+  dotnet --info
+
+  if [[ -z "${DOTNET_ROOT:-}" ]]; then
+    local dotnet_bin=""
+    dotnet_bin="$(readlink -f "$(command -v dotnet)")"
+    DOTNET_ROOT="$(dirname "$dotnet_bin")"
+    export DOTNET_ROOT
+  fi
+
+  echo "[OK] DOTNET_ROOT: $DOTNET_ROOT"
+}
+
+patch_x86_sdk() {
+  local sdk_props=""
+  local sdk_version=""
+  local dotnet_root=""
+
+  sdk_version="$(dotnet --version)"
+
+  dotnet_root="${DOTNET_ROOT:-}"
+  if [[ -z "$dotnet_root" ]]; then
+    local dotnet_bin=""
+    dotnet_bin="$(readlink -f "$(command -v dotnet)")"
+    dotnet_root="$(dirname "$dotnet_bin")"
+  fi
+
+  sdk_props="$dotnet_root/sdk/${sdk_version}/Microsoft.NETCoreSdk.BundledVersions.props"
+
+  [[ -f "$sdk_props" ]] || die "SDK props file not found: $sdk_props"
+
+  echo "[+] Patching SDK: $sdk_props"
+
+  python3 - "$sdk_props" <<'PY'
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+path = Path(sys.argv[1])
+text = path.read_text()
+old = text
+
+
+def add_attr_to_known_blocks(text, marker, attr):
+    start = 0
+    while True:
+        start = text.find(marker, start)
+        if start == -1:
+            break
+
+        end = text.find('/>', start)
+        if end == -1:
+            break
+
+        block = text[start:end]
+        attr_pos = block.find(attr)
+
+        if attr_pos != -1:
+            value_start = attr_pos + len(attr)
+            value_end = block.find('"', value_start)
+
+            if value_end != -1:
+                value = block[value_start:value_end]
+                values = value.split(';')
+
+                if 'linux-x86' not in values:
+                    value = value + ';linux-x86'
+                    block = (
+                        block[:value_start]
+                        + value
+                        + block[value_end:]
+                    )
+                    text = text[:start] + block + text[end:]
+                    end = start + len(block)
+
+        start = end + 2
+
+    return text
+
+
+for framework in ('Microsoft.NETCore.App', 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.App'):
+    text = add_attr_to_known_blocks(
+        text,
+        f'<KnownFrameworkReference Include="{framework}"',
+        'RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers="',
+    )
+
+text = add_attr_to_known_blocks(
+    text,
+    '<KnownAppHostPack',
+    'AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers="',
+)
+
+if text == old:
+    raise SystemExit(
+        'ERROR: No SDK RuntimePack/AppHost mapping was patched'
+    )
+
+path.write_text(text)
+PY
+
+  echo "===== Verify RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers ====="
+  grep -n 'RuntimePackRuntimeIdentifiers=' "$sdk_props" | grep 'linux-x86'
+
+  echo "===== Verify AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers ====="
+  grep -n 'AppHostRuntimeIdentifiers=' "$sdk_props" | grep 'linux-x86'
+}
+
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86)
+      echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-32.zip"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 1
+      ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -269,8 +462,12 @@ singbox_url_for_rid() {
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86)
+      echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-386.tar.gz"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 1
+      ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -278,8 +475,12 @@ bundle_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-riscv64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
-    *)             return 1 ;;
+    linux-x86)
+      echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-86.zip"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 1
+      ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -299,15 +500,34 @@ download_xray() {
       | head -n1)" || true
   fi
 
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || {
+    echo "[xray] Failed to get version"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || {
+    echo "[xray] Unsupported RID for upstream Xray: $rid (skipped)"
+    return 0
+  }
 
   echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
 
   tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
+
   rm -rf "$tmp"
 }
 
@@ -329,19 +549,40 @@ download_singbox() {
       | head -n1)" || true
   fi
 
-  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || {
+    echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || {
+    echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   echo "[+] Download sing-box: $url"
 
   tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   bin="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'sing-box' | head -n1 || true)"
-  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || { echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || {
+    echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
 
-  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   cronet="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'libcronet*.so*' | head -n1 || true)"
   [[ -n "$cronet" ]] && install -m 644 "$cronet" "$outdir/libcronet.so" || true
@@ -378,20 +619,44 @@ download_geo_assets() {
   mkdir -p "$bin_dir" "$srss_dir"
 
   echo "[+] Download Xray Geo to ${bin_dir}"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" \
+    "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" \
+    "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" \
+    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" \
+    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
 
   echo "[+] Download sing-box rule DB & rule-sets"
-  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" \
+    "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
 
-  for f in geoip-private.srs geoip-cn.srs geoip-facebook.srs geoip-fastly.srs geoip-google.srs geoip-netflix.srs geoip-telegram.srs geoip-twitter.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
+  for f in \
+    geoip-private.srs \
+    geoip-cn.srs \
+    geoip-facebook.srs \
+    geoip-fastly.srs \
+    geoip-google.srs \
+    geoip-netflix.srs \
+    geoip-telegram.srs \
+    geoip-twitter.srs
+  do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" \
+      "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
   done
 
-  for f in geosite-cn.srs geosite-gfw.srs geosite-google.srs geosite-greatfire.srs geosite-geolocation-cn.srs geosite-category-ads-all.srs geosite-private.srs; do
-    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
+  for f in \
+    geosite-cn.srs \
+    geosite-gfw.srs \
+    geosite-google.srs \
+    geosite-greatfire.srs \
+    geosite-geolocation-cn.srs \
+    geosite-category-ads-all.srs \
+    geosite-private.srs
+  do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" \
+      "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
   done
 
   unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
@@ -404,13 +669,26 @@ populate_assets_zip_mode() {
   local tmp=""
   local nested_dir=""
 
-  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || { echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || {
+    echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   echo "[+] Try v2rayN bundle archive: $url"
 
   tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
-  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || { echo "[!] Bundle download failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
-  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || { echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || {
+    echo "[!] Bundle download failed"
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || {
+    echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"
+    rm -rf "$tmp"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   if [[ -d "$tmp/bin" ]]; then
     mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
@@ -423,6 +701,7 @@ populate_assets_zip_mode() {
   find "$outroot" -type d -name "mihomo" -prune -exec rm -rf {} + 2>/dev/null || true
 
   nested_dir="$(find "$outroot" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'v2rayN-linux-*' | head -n1 || true)"
+
   if [[ -n "$nested_dir" && -d "$nested_dir/bin" ]]; then
     mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
     rsync -a "$nested_dir/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
@@ -442,14 +721,17 @@ populate_assets_netcore_mode() {
   mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
 
   if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "xray" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
+    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" \
+      || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
   fi
 
   if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "sing-box" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
-    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
+    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" \
+      || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
   fi
 
-  download_geo_assets "$outroot" || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
+  download_geo_assets "$outroot" \
+    || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
 }
 
 stage_runtime_assets() {
@@ -472,21 +754,36 @@ stage_runtime_assets() {
 }
 
 describe_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-
-  case "$short" in
-    riscv64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-riscv64" "riscv64" "riscv64" ;;
-    *)       echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use riscv64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
-  esac
+  printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' \
+    "$X86_RID" \
+    "$X86_RPM_ARCH" \
+    "$X86_RPM_ARCH"
 }
 
 publish_binary() {
   local rid="$1"
 
+  patch_x86_sdk
+
   dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
   rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true \
+    --force-evaluate
+
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
+    -c Release \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:PublishSingleFile=false \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    --no-restore
 }
 
 write_spec_file() {
@@ -505,7 +802,7 @@ Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
 License:        GPL-3.0-only
 URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
 BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
-ExclusiveArch:  riscv64
+ExclusiveArch:  i686
 Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz
 
 Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
@@ -603,7 +900,10 @@ package_binary() {
   local f=""
 
   pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
-  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
+  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || {
+    echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"
+    return 1
+  }
 
   workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
   trap '[[ -n "${workdir:-}" ]] && rm -rf "$workdir"' RETURN
@@ -613,23 +913,41 @@ package_binary() {
 
   project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
   icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
-  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] || { echo "Required icon not found: $icon_candidate"; return 1; }
+
+  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] || {
+    echo "Required icon not found: $icon_candidate"
+    return 1
+  }
+
   cp "$icon_candidate" "$workdir/$PKGROOT/v2rayn.png"
 
   stage_runtime_assets "$workdir/$PKGROOT" "$rid"
 
   rpmdev-setuptree
+
   sourcedir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SOURCES"
   specdir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SPECS"
   specfile="${specdir}/v2rayN.spec"
 
   mkdir -p "$sourcedir" "$specdir"
-  tar -C "$workdir" -czf "$sourcedir/$PKGROOT.tar.gz" "$PKGROOT"
+
+  tar -C "$workdir" \
+    -czf "$sourcedir/$PKGROOT.tar.gz" \
+    "$PKGROOT"
 
   write_spec_file "$specfile"
-  rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
+
+  if [[ -n "${RPM_STRIP:-}" ]]; then
+    rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" \
+      --target "$rpm_target" \
+      --define "__strip ${RPM_STRIP}" \
+      --define "__objdump ${RPM_OBJDUMP}"
+  else
+    rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
+  fi
 
   echo "Build done for $short. RPM at:"
+
   for f in "${RPM_TOPDIR}/RPMS/${archdir}/v2rayN-${VERSION}-1"*.rpm; do
     [[ -e "$f" ]] || continue
     echo "  $f"
@@ -637,23 +955,16 @@ package_binary() {
   done
 }
 
-select_targets() {
-  printf '%s\n' riscv64
-}
-
 build_one_target() {
-  local short="$1"
-  local meta=()
-  local rid=""
-  local rpm_target=""
-  local archdir=""
-
-  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
-  rid="${meta[0]}"
-  rpm_target="${meta[1]}"
-  archdir="${meta[2]}"
+  local short="i686"
+  local rid="$X86_RID"
+  local rpm_target="$X86_RPM_ARCH"
+  local archdir="$X86_RPM_ARCH"
 
   echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, RPM --target $rpm_target)"
+
+  prepare_cross_rpm_tools "$short"
+  prepare_dotnet_sdk
   publish_binary "$rid"
   package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$rpm_target" "$archdir"
 }
@@ -662,32 +973,31 @@ print_summary() {
   local rp=""
 
   echo ""
-  echo "================ Build Summary ================"
+  echo "================ Build Summary ================="
   if [[ "${#BUILT_RPMS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Output directory: ${RPM_TOPDIR}"
     for rp in "${BUILT_RPMS[@]}"; do
       echo "$rp"
     done
   else
     echo "No RPMs detected in summary (check build logs above)."
   fi
-  echo "=============================================="
+  echo "==============================================="
 }
 
 main() {
-  local targets=()
-  local arch=""
-
   parse_args "$@"
   detect_environment
   install_dependencies
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
 
-  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
+  download_nuget_packages || die \
+    "Failed to download prebuilt NuGet packages."
 
-  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
-    build_one_target "$arch"
-  done
+  build_one_target
+
+  rm -rf "${NUGET_CACHE_DIR:-}" || true
 
   print_summary
 }
diff --git a/package-rhel.sh b/package-rhel.sh
index a01f9fa2..087252b1 100755
--- a/package-rhel.sh
+++ b/package-rhel.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,30 @@ PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
 
+NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE="${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-nupkg-prebuild/releases/download}"
+SKIASHARP_BASE="${SKIASHARP_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/SkiaSharp-ppc64le/releases/download}"
+SkiaSharp_VERSION="${SkiaSharp_VERSION:-3.119.4}"
+HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION="${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION:-8.3.1.5}"
+
+DOTNET_SDK_VERSION="${DOTNET_SDK_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+
+DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE:-https://github.com/autorepobot/dotnet-riscv/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}}"
+
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE:-https://github.com/IBM/dotnet-s390x/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION}-linux-ppc64le.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_PPC64LE_BASE}/v${DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION}/${DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE}}"
+
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION:-10.0.114}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG:-v10.0.114-loongarch64}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE:-https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download}"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL:-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}}"
+
 OS_ID=""
 OS_NAME=""
 OS_VERSION_ID=""
@@ -23,6 +47,9 @@ PROJECT=""
 VERSION=""
 BUILT_ALL=0
 
+RPM_STRIP=""
+RPM_OBJDUMP=""
+
 declare -a BUILT_RPMS=()
 
 die() {
@@ -30,6 +57,13 @@ die() {
   exit 1
 }
 
+get_runtime_version() {
+  local sdk_ver="$1"
+  local prefix="${sdk_ver%.*}"
+  local patch="${sdk_ver##*.}"
+  echo "${prefix}.${patch#1}"
+}
+
 parse_args() {
   local first_arg="${1:-}"
 
@@ -81,8 +115,8 @@ This script only supports: RHEL / Rocky / AlmaLinux / Fedora / CentOS."
   esac
 
   case "$HOST_ARCH" in
-    x86_64|aarch64) ;;
-    *) die "Only supports aarch64 / x86_64" ;;
+    x86_64|aarch64|riscv64|ppc64le|loongarch64) ;;
+    *) die "Only supports x86_64 / aarch64 / riscv64 / ppc64le / loongarch64" ;;
   esac
 
   current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
@@ -96,8 +130,31 @@ install_dependencies() {
   local install_ok=0
 
   if command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    sudo dnf -y install rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync dotnet-sdk-10.0 \
+    sudo dnf -y install \
+      rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync ca-certificates git \
+      desktop-file-utils wget libicu \
       && install_ok=1
+
+    case "$HOST_ARCH" in
+      x86_64|aarch64)
+        wget -q https://dot.net/v1/dotnet-install.sh
+        chmod +x dotnet-install.sh
+        ./dotnet-install.sh \
+          --version "$DOTNET_SDK_VERSION" \
+          --install-dir "$HOME/.dotnet"
+
+        export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
+        export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+
+        dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
+        ;;
+      riscv64|ppc64le|loongarch64)
+        install_ok=1
+        ;;
+      *)
+        die "Only supports x86_64 / aarch64 / riscv64 / ppc64le / loongarch64"
+        ;;
+    esac
   fi
 
   if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
@@ -107,6 +164,48 @@ install_dependencies() {
   fi
 }
 
+prepare_cross_rpm_tools() {
+  local target="$1"
+  local package=""
+  local strip_tool=""
+  local objdump_tool=""
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH:$target" in
+    x86_64:ppc64le|aarch64:ppc64le)
+      package="gcc-powerpc64le-linux-gnu"
+      strip_tool="powerpc64le-linux-gnu-strip"
+      objdump_tool="powerpc64le-linux-gnu-objdump"
+      ;;
+    x86_64:riscv64|aarch64:riscv64)
+      package="gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu"
+      strip_tool="riscv64-linux-gnu-strip"
+      objdump_tool="riscv64-linux-gnu-objdump"
+      ;;
+    x86_64:loong64|aarch64:loong64)
+      package="gcc-loongarch64-linux-gnu"
+      strip_tool="loongarch64-linux-gnu-strip"
+      objdump_tool="loongarch64-linux-gnu-objdump"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      RPM_STRIP=""
+      RPM_OBJDUMP=""
+      return 0
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  echo "[+] Install cross RPM tools for $target: $package"
+  sudo dnf -y install "$package"
+
+  command -v "$strip_tool" >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "Cross strip tool not found: $strip_tool"
+  command -v "$objdump_tool" >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "Cross objdump tool not found: $objdump_tool"
+
+  RPM_STRIP="$(command -v "$strip_tool")"
+  RPM_OBJDUMP="$(command -v "$objdump_tool")"
+
+  echo "[OK] RPM strip:   $RPM_STRIP"
+  echo "[OK] RPM objdump: $RPM_OBJDUMP"
+}
+
 prepare_workspace() {
   SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
   cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
@@ -239,14 +338,115 @@ resolve_version() {
   echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
 }
 
+download_nuget_packages() {
+  NUGET_CACHE_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  local riscv_rt ppc64le_rt loong_rt
+  riscv_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION")"
+  ppc64le_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_PPC64LE_VERSION")"
+  loong_rt="$(get_runtime_version "$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION")"
+
+  local urls=(
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Host.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${loong_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-loongarch64.${loong_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${ppc64le_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-ppc64le.${ppc64le_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${DOTNET_NUPKG_BASE}/${riscv_rt}/Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-riscv64.${riscv_rt}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${SkiaSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+    "${SKIASHARP_BASE}/v${SkiaSharp_VERSION}/HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux.${HarfBuzzSharp_VERSION}.nupkg"
+  )
+
+  echo "[+] Downloading prebuilt NuGet packages to: $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+  local u pkg_name
+  for u in "${urls[@]}"; do
+    pkg_name="${u##*/}"
+    echo "  -> $pkg_name"
+    curl -fL "$u" -o "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR/$pkg_name" || {
+      echo "[!] Failed to download $u" >&2
+      rm -rf "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+      NUGET_CACHE_DIR=""
+      return 1
+    }
+  done
+
+  echo "[OK] Prebuilt NuGet packages ready in $NUGET_CACHE_DIR"
+}
+
+prepare_dotnet_sdk() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local sdk_url=""
+  local sdk_file=""
+  local sdk_dir=""
+  local tmp=""
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH:$short" in
+    x86_64:x64|aarch64:arm64)
+      return 0
+      ;;
+    riscv64:riscv64)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_RISCV_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_RISCV_FILE"
+      ;;
+    ppc64le:ppc64le)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_PPC64LE_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_PPC64LE_FILE"
+      ;;
+    loongarch64:loong64)
+      sdk_url="$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_SDK_URL"
+      sdk_file="$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      return 0
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  sdk_dir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+
+  echo "[+] Download .NET SDK for $short: $sdk_url"
+
+  curl -fL "$sdk_url" -o "$tmp/$sdk_file" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp" "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  tar -C "$sdk_dir" -xzf "$tmp/$sdk_file" || {
+    rm -rf "$tmp" "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+
+  [[ -x "$sdk_dir/dotnet" ]] || {
+    rm -rf "$sdk_dir"
+    return 1
+  }
+
+  export DOTNET_ROOT="$sdk_dir"
+  export PATH="$DOTNET_ROOT:$PATH"
+  hash -r
+
+  echo "[OK] .NET SDK for $short extracted to: $sdk_dir"
+  dotnet --info
+
+  DOTNET_SDK_DIR="$sdk_dir"
+}
+
 xray_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-64.zip" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-arm64-v8a.zip" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-64.zip" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-arm64-v8a.zip" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-ppc64le.zip" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -255,9 +455,12 @@ singbox_url_for_rid() {
   local ver="$2"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-arm64.tar.gz" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-amd64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-arm64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-ppc64le.tar.gz" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -265,9 +468,12 @@ bundle_url_for_rid() {
   local rid="$1"
 
   case "$rid" in
-    linux-x64)   echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-64.zip" ;;
-    linux-arm64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-arm64.zip" ;;
-    *)           return 1 ;;
+    linux-x64)         echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-64.zip" ;;
+    linux-arm64)       echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-arm64.zip" ;;
+    linux-riscv64)     echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.zip" ;;
+    linux-ppc64le)     echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-ppc64le.zip" ;;
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -288,7 +494,7 @@ download_xray() {
   fi
 
   [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
-  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID for upstream Xray: $rid (skipped)"; return 0; }
 
   echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
 
@@ -463,9 +669,12 @@ describe_target() {
   local short="$1"
 
   case "$short" in
-    x64)   printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-x64" "x86_64" "x86_64" ;;
-    arm64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-arm64" "aarch64" "aarch64" ;;
-    *)     echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use x64|arm64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+    x64)     printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-x64" "x86_64" "x86_64" ;;
+    arm64)   printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-arm64" "aarch64" "aarch64" ;;
+    riscv64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-riscv64" "riscv64" "riscv64" ;;
+    ppc64le) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-ppc64le" "ppc64le" "ppc64le" ;;
+    loong64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loongarch64" "loongarch64" ;;
+    *)       echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use x64|arm64|riscv64|ppc64le|loong64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
   esac
 }
 
@@ -474,8 +683,18 @@ publish_binary() {
 
   dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
   rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
-  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
-  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT" \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" \
+    -c Release \
+    -r "$rid" \
+    --source "$NUGET_CACHE_DIR" \
+    --source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" \
+    -p:PublishSingleFile=false \
+    -p:SelfContained=true \
+    --no-restore
 }
 
 write_spec_file() {
@@ -494,7 +713,7 @@ Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
 License:        GPL-3.0-only
 URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
 BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
-ExclusiveArch:  aarch64 x86_64
+ExclusiveArch:  aarch64 x86_64 riscv64 ppc64le loongarch64
 Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz
 
 Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
@@ -616,7 +835,15 @@ package_binary() {
   tar -C "$workdir" -czf "$sourcedir/$PKGROOT.tar.gz" "$PKGROOT"
 
   write_spec_file "$specfile"
-  rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
+
+  if [[ -n "${RPM_STRIP:-}" ]]; then
+    rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" \
+      --target "$rpm_target" \
+      --define "__strip ${RPM_STRIP}" \
+      --define "__objdump ${RPM_OBJDUMP}"
+  else
+    rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
+  fi
 
   echo "Build done for $short. RPM at:"
   for f in "${RPM_TOPDIR}/RPMS/${archdir}/v2rayN-${VERSION}-1"*.rpm; do
@@ -628,9 +855,12 @@ package_binary() {
 
 select_targets() {
   case "${ARCH_OVERRIDE:-}" in
-    all)           printf '%s\n' x64 arm64 ;;
-    x64|amd64)     printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
-    arm64|aarch64) printf '%s\n' arm64 ;;
+    all)                 printf '%s\n' x64 arm64 riscv64 ppc64le loong64 ;;
+    x64|amd64)           printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
+    arm64|aarch64)       printf '%s\n' arm64 ;;
+    riscv64)             printf '%s\n' riscv64 ;;
+    ppc64le|ppc64el)     printf '%s\n' ppc64le ;;
+    loong64|loongarch64) printf '%s\n' loong64 ;;
     "")
       case "$HOST_ARCH" in
         x86_64)  printf '%s\n' x64 ;;
@@ -639,7 +869,7 @@ select_targets() {
       esac
       ;;
     *)
-      echo "Unknown --arch '${ARCH_OVERRIDE}'. Use x64|arm64|all." >&2
+      echo "Unknown --arch '${ARCH_OVERRIDE}'. Use x64|arm64|riscv64|ppc64le|loong64|all." >&2
       return 1
       ;;
   esac
@@ -658,6 +888,8 @@ build_one_target() {
   archdir="${meta[2]}"
 
   echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, RPM --target $rpm_target)"
+  prepare_cross_rpm_tools "$short"
+  prepare_dotnet_sdk "$short" || die "Failed to prepare .NET SDK for $short."
   publish_binary "$rid"
   package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$rpm_target" "$archdir"
 }
@@ -666,7 +898,7 @@ print_summary() {
   if [[ "$BUILT_ALL" -eq 1 ]]; then
     local rp=""
     echo ""
-    echo "================ Build Summary (both architectures) ================"
+    echo "================ Build Summary (all architectures) ================"
     if [[ "${#BUILT_RPMS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
       for rp in "${BUILT_RPMS[@]}"; do
         echo "$rp"
@@ -688,6 +920,8 @@ main() {
   prepare_workspace
   resolve_version
 
+  download_nuget_packages || die "Failed to download prebuilt NuGet packages."
+
   mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
   [[ "${ARCH_OVERRIDE:-}" == "all" ]] && BUILT_ALL=1 || BUILT_ALL=0
 
@@ -695,6 +929,9 @@ main() {
     build_one_target "$arch"
   done
 
+  rm -rf "${NUGET_CACHE_DIR:-}" || true
+  rm -rf "${DOTNET_SDK_DIR:-}" || true
+
   print_summary
 }
 
diff --git a/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props b/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
index 8060e24c..94d4e34d 100644
--- a/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
+++ b/v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props
@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="18.1.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="ZXing.Net.Bindings.SkiaSharp" Version="0.16.22" />
     <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="HarfBuzzSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="8.3.1.5" />
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>