Bump docker/build-push-action from 6 to 7

Bumps [docker/build-push-action](https://github.com/docker/build-push-action) from 6 to 7.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/compare/v6...v7)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: docker/build-push-action
  dependency-version: '7'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

.github/workflows/build-WebAPI.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,923 @@
+name: build v2rayN.WebAPI
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ''
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        description: 'Release tag (for example 7.x.y). Empty builds a development API package.'
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - 'v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Build.*'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props'
+      - 'v2rayN/v2rayN.slnx'
+      - 'global.json'
+      - '.github/workflows/build-WebAPI.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/release-WebAPI.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/build-all.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml'
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - 'v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Build.*'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props'
+      - 'v2rayN/v2rayN.slnx'
+      - 'global.json'
+      - '.github/workflows/build-WebAPI.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/release-WebAPI.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/build-all.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml'
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  identity:
+    name: Resolve API build identity
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.version }}
+      tag: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.tag }}
+      release: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.release }}
+      build_date: ${{ steps.resolve.outputs.build_date }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Resolve release identity
+        id: resolve
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          build_date="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
+          if [[ -z "$RELEASE_TAG" ]]; then
+            {
+              echo "version=0.0.0-dev"
+              echo "tag="
+              echo "release=false"
+              echo "build_date=$build_date"
+            } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            [[ "$RELEASE_TAG" =~ ^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$ ]] || {
+              echo "Invalid release tag: $RELEASE_TAG" >&2
+              exit 1
+            }
+            {
+              echo "version=$RELEASE_TAG"
+              echo "tag=$RELEASE_TAG"
+              echo "release=true"
+              echo "build_date=$build_date"
+            } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+  verify:
+    name: Backend, ServiceLib, package smoke
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    env:
+      TUNIT_MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS: 1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '10.x'
+      - name: Verify API build, backend and ServiceLib tests, native startup and package boundaries
+        run: bash v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/verify.sh "$RUNNER_TEMP/v2rayN.WebAPI-verify"
+      - name: Check patch whitespace
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' || github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+        shell: bash
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || github.event.before || '' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base_sha="$BASE_SHA"
+          if [[ -z "$base_sha" ]]; then
+            base_sha="$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
+          fi
+          if [[ "$base_sha" =~ ^0+$ ]]; then
+            empty_tree="$(git hash-object -t tree -w /dev/null)"
+            git diff --check "$empty_tree" HEAD
+          else
+            git diff --check "$base_sha...HEAD"
+          fi
+
+  windows:
+    name: Windows WebAPI build and runtime smoke
+    needs: identity
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      TUNIT_MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS: 1
+      WEB_VERSION: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+      WEB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+      WEB_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+      WEB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '10.x'
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Restore WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj
+      - name: Restore WebAPI.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/v2rayN.WebAPI.Tests.csproj
+      - name: Restore ServiceLib.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/ServiceLib.Tests.csproj
+      - name: Build WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet build v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Run WebAPI.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet test --project v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/v2rayN.WebAPI.Tests.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Run ServiceLib.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet test --project v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/ServiceLib.Tests.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Publish win-x64 self-contained single-file WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64'
+          dotnet publish v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj `
+            --configuration Release `
+            --runtime win-x64 `
+            --self-contained true `
+            -p:PublishSingleFile=true `
+            -p:IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract=true `
+            -p:WebVersion=$env:WEB_VERSION `
+            -p:WebCommit=$env:WEB_COMMIT `
+            -p:WebBuildDate=$env:WEB_BUILD_DATE `
+            -p:WebRepository=$env:WEB_REPOSITORY `
+            --output $publishDirectory
+          $identity = [ordered]@{
+            product = 'v2rayN.WebAPI'
+            version = $env:WEB_VERSION
+            commit = $env:WEB_COMMIT
+            buildDate = $env:WEB_BUILD_DATE
+            rid = 'win-x64'
+          }
+          $json = $identity | ConvertTo-Json -Compress
+          [IO.File]::WriteAllText((Join-Path $publishDirectory 'v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json'), $json, [Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false))
+      - name: Verify single-file publish output
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64'
+          $executable = Join-Path $publishDirectory 'v2rayN.WebAPI.exe'
+          if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $executable -PathType Leaf)) {
+            throw "dotnet publish did not produce $executable"
+          }
+          if ((Get-Item -LiteralPath $executable).Length -eq 0) {
+            throw "Published executable is empty: $executable"
+          }
+          $looseDlls = @(Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $publishDirectory -Filter '*.dll' -File -Recurse)
+          if ($looseDlls.Count -gt 0) {
+            throw "Single-file publish left loose DLLs: $($looseDlls.FullName -join ', ')"
+          }
+      - name: Smoke-test first startup, health endpoint and graceful shutdown
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64'
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 -Mode startup -PublishDirectory $publishDirectory
+      - name: Publish previous Windows fixture for update regression
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64-previous'
+          dotnet publish v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj `
+            --configuration Release `
+            --runtime win-x64 `
+            --self-contained true `
+            -p:PublishSingleFile=true `
+            -p:IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract=true `
+            -p:WebVersion=0.0.1-regression `
+            -p:WebCommit=$env:WEB_COMMIT `
+            -p:WebBuildDate=$env:WEB_BUILD_DATE `
+            -p:WebRepository=$env:WEB_REPOSITORY `
+            --output $publishDirectory
+          $identity = [ordered]@{
+            product = 'v2rayN.WebAPI'
+            version = '0.0.1-regression'
+            commit = $env:WEB_COMMIT
+            buildDate = $env:WEB_BUILD_DATE
+            rid = 'win-x64'
+          }
+          $json = $identity | ConvertTo-Json -Compress
+          [IO.File]::WriteAllText((Join-Path $publishDirectory 'v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json'), $json, [Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false))
+      - name: Add the matching Windows Core bundle
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $bundle = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-64.zip'
+          $expanded = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-64-core'
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64'
+          $previousDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64-previous'
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-windows-64.zip' -OutFile $bundle
+          Expand-Archive -LiteralPath $bundle -DestinationPath $expanded -Force
+          $sourceBin = Join-Path $expanded 'v2rayN-windows-64\bin'
+          if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $sourceBin -PathType Container)) {
+            throw "Windows Core bundle is missing $sourceBin"
+          }
+          foreach ($directory in @($publishDirectory, $previousDirectory)) {
+            $destinationBin = Join-Path $directory 'bin'
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $destinationBin -Force | Out-Null
+            Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $sourceBin '*') -Destination $destinationBin -Recurse -Force
+          }
+          foreach ($directory in @($publishDirectory, $previousDirectory)) {
+            $checkBin = Join-Path $directory 'bin'
+            foreach ($relative in @('xray\xray.exe','sing_box\sing-box.exe','mihomo\mihomo.exe','geoip.dat','geosite.dat','geoip.metadb','Country.mmdb')) {
+              $required = Join-Path $checkBin $relative
+              if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $required -PathType Leaf)) { throw "Missing Windows Core asset: $required" }
+            }
+          }
+          $candidateBin = Join-Path $publishDirectory 'bin'
+          & (Join-Path $candidateBin 'xray\xray.exe') -version
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "xray.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+          & (Join-Path $candidateBin 'sing_box\sing-box.exe') version
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "sing-box.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+          & (Join-Path $candidateBin 'mihomo\mihomo.exe') -v
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "mihomo.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+      - name: Smoke-test Windows backup restore handoff and Core intent recovery
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 `
+            -Mode restore `
+            -PublishDirectory (Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64')
+      - name: Smoke-test Windows self-update replacement and rollback
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 `
+            -Mode update `
+            -PreviousPublishDirectory (Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64-previous') `
+            -CandidatePublishDirectory (Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64')
+      - name: Package and smoke-test Windows full-install and app-only ZIPs
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64'
+          $dist = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64-dist'
+          python v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-release-assets.py package --rid win-x64 --publish $publishDirectory --dist $dist
+          $fullZip = Join-Path $dist 'v2rayN-windows-64-WebAPI.zip'
+          $appOnlyZip = Join-Path $dist 'v2rayN-windows-64-WebAPI-update.zip'
+          if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $fullZip -PathType Leaf) -or -not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $appOnlyZip -PathType Leaf)) {
+            throw 'Windows release ZIPs were not created.'
+          }
+          $extracted = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-64-WebAPI-smoke'
+          Expand-Archive -LiteralPath $fullZip -DestinationPath $extracted -Force
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 -Mode startup -PublishDirectory $extracted
+          "Windows full-install ZIP: $fullZip"
+          "Windows app-only update ZIP: $appOnlyZip"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        with:
+          name: v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/v2rayN.WebAPI-win-x64-dist/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # The self-update replacement smoke stays on win-x64: the updater logic is RID-generic
+  # and the per-RID PE/ELF checks are covered by unit tests. This job proves the win-arm64
+  # build, first startup, health endpoint and graceful shutdown on native ARM64 Windows.
+  windows-arm64:
+    name: Windows ARM64 WebAPI build and runtime smoke
+    needs: identity
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+    env:
+      TUNIT_MAX_PARALLEL_TESTS: 1
+      WEB_VERSION: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+      WEB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+      WEB_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+      WEB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '10.x'
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+      - name: Restore WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj
+      - name: Restore WebAPI.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/v2rayN.WebAPI.Tests.csproj
+      - name: Restore ServiceLib.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet restore v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/ServiceLib.Tests.csproj
+      - name: Build WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet build v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Run WebAPI.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet test --project v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/v2rayN.WebAPI.Tests.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Run ServiceLib.Tests
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: dotnet test --project v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/ServiceLib.Tests.csproj --configuration Release --no-restore
+      - name: Publish win-arm64 self-contained single-file WebAPI
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64'
+          dotnet publish v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj `
+            --configuration Release `
+            --runtime win-arm64 `
+            --self-contained true `
+            -p:PublishSingleFile=true `
+            -p:IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract=true `
+            -p:WebVersion=$env:WEB_VERSION `
+            -p:WebCommit=$env:WEB_COMMIT `
+            -p:WebBuildDate=$env:WEB_BUILD_DATE `
+            -p:WebRepository=$env:WEB_REPOSITORY `
+            --output $publishDirectory
+          $identity = [ordered]@{
+            product = 'v2rayN.WebAPI'
+            version = $env:WEB_VERSION
+            commit = $env:WEB_COMMIT
+            buildDate = $env:WEB_BUILD_DATE
+            rid = 'win-arm64'
+          }
+          $json = $identity | ConvertTo-Json -Compress
+          [IO.File]::WriteAllText((Join-Path $publishDirectory 'v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json'), $json, [Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false))
+      - name: Smoke-test first startup, health endpoint and graceful shutdown
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64'
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 -Mode startup -PublishDirectory $publishDirectory
+      - name: Add the matching Windows ARM64 Core bundle
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $bundle = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-arm64.zip'
+          $expanded = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-arm64-core'
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64'
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-windows-arm64.zip' -OutFile $bundle
+          Expand-Archive -LiteralPath $bundle -DestinationPath $expanded -Force
+          $sourceBin = Join-Path $expanded 'v2rayN-windows-arm64\bin'
+          if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $sourceBin -PathType Container)) {
+            throw "Windows ARM64 Core bundle is missing $sourceBin"
+          }
+          $destinationBin = Join-Path $publishDirectory 'bin'
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $destinationBin -Force | Out-Null
+          Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $sourceBin '*') -Destination $destinationBin -Recurse -Force
+          foreach ($relative in @('xray\xray.exe','sing_box\sing-box.exe','mihomo\mihomo.exe','geoip.dat','geosite.dat','geoip.metadb','Country.mmdb')) {
+            $required = Join-Path $destinationBin $relative
+            if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $required -PathType Leaf)) { throw "Missing Windows ARM64 Core asset: $required" }
+          }
+          & (Join-Path $destinationBin 'xray\xray.exe') -version
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "xray.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+          & (Join-Path $destinationBin 'sing_box\sing-box.exe') version
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "sing-box.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+          & (Join-Path $destinationBin 'mihomo\mihomo.exe') -v
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "mihomo.exe smoke failed: $LASTEXITCODE" }
+      - name: Package Windows ARM64 full-install and app-only ZIPs
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $publishDirectory = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64'
+          $dist = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64-dist'
+          python v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-release-assets.py package --rid win-arm64 --publish $publishDirectory --dist $dist
+          $fullZip = Join-Path $dist 'v2rayN-windows-arm64-WebAPI.zip'
+          $appOnlyZip = Join-Path $dist 'v2rayN-windows-arm64-WebAPI-update.zip'
+          if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $fullZip -PathType Leaf) -or -not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $appOnlyZip -PathType Leaf)) {
+            throw 'Windows ARM64 release ZIPs were not created.'
+          }
+          $extracted = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP 'v2rayN-windows-arm64-WebAPI-smoke'
+          Expand-Archive -LiteralPath $fullZip -DestinationPath $extracted -Force
+          & ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/Test-Windows.ps1 -Mode startup -PublishDirectory $extracted
+          "Windows ARM64 full-install ZIP: $fullZip"
+          "Windows ARM64 app-only update ZIP: $appOnlyZip"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        with:
+          name: v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/v2rayN.WebAPI-win-arm64-dist/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  native:
+    name: Native API build (${{ matrix.rid }})
+    needs: identity
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Development builds keep x64 coverage; releases also validate ARM64.
+        # Only tested Linux RIDs are enabled; native RID/runner pairs are independent
+        # of Desktop workflows and the container platform matrix.
+        include: >-
+          ${{ fromJSON(needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+            && '[{"rid":"linux-x64","runner":"ubuntu-24.04"},{"rid":"linux-arm64","runner":"ubuntu-24.04-arm"}]'
+            || '[{"rid":"linux-x64","runner":"ubuntu-24.04"}]') }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    env:
+      RID: ${{ matrix.rid }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_VERSION: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '10.x'
+      - name: Publish native API
+        run: bash v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/publish-native.sh "$RID"
+      - name: Verify native executable
+        run: test -x "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID/v2rayN.WebAPI"
+      - name: Add the matching Linux Core bundle
+        if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+        run: sh v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/fetch-core-bundle.sh "$RID" "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID/bin"
+      - name: Package API install and self-update ZIPs
+        if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+        run: python3 v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-release-assets.py package --rid "$RID" --publish "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID" --dist dist
+      - name: Smoke-test bundled Cores
+        if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          publish="v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID"
+          "$publish/bin/xray/xray" -version
+          "$publish/bin/sing_box/sing-box" version
+          "$publish/bin/mihomo/mihomo" -v
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+        with:
+          name: v2rayN.WebAPI-${{ matrix.rid }}
+          path: dist/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # linux-riscv64 runs natively on the RISE RISC-V runners with the community
+  # xujiegb/dotnet-riscv SDK; single-file publish is verified to work there.
+  native-riscv64:
+    name: Native API build (linux-riscv64)
+    needs: identity
+    if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-riscv
+    container: debian:13
+    env:
+      RID: linux-riscv64
+      V2RAYN_WEB_VERSION: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Prepare tools (Debian)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates python3 libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1 libicu76 || \
+            apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates python3 libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1 libicu72
+      - name: Checkout repo
+        shell: bash
+        env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf ./*
+          git init .
+          git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
+          git remote add origin "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git"
+          git fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
+          git checkout FETCH_HEAD
+      - name: Install community .NET SDK (linux-riscv64)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          SDK=dotnet-sdk-10.0.111-linux-riscv64.tar.gz
+          curl -fL "https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download/10.0.111/$SDK" -o /tmp/$SDK
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
+          tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf /tmp/$SDK
+          echo "DOTNET_ROOT=$HOME/.dotnet" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "$HOME/.dotnet" >> "$GITHUB_PATH"
+          export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+          export PATH="$DOTNET_ROOT:$PATH"
+          dotnet --info
+      - name: Publish native API
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+          export PATH="$DOTNET_ROOT:$PATH"
+          bash v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/publish-native.sh "$RID"
+          test -x "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID/v2rayN.WebAPI"
+      - name: Add the matching Linux Core bundle
+        shell: bash
+        run: sh v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/fetch-core-bundle.sh "$RID" "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID/bin"
+      - name: Package API install and self-update ZIPs
+        shell: bash
+        run: python3 v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-release-assets.py package --rid "$RID" --publish "v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID" --dist dist
+      - name: Smoke-test bundled Cores
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          publish="v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID"
+          "$publish/bin/xray/xray" -version
+          "$publish/bin/sing_box/sing-box" version
+          "$publish/bin/mihomo/mihomo" -v
+      - name: Smoke-test the published API (native riscv64)
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          publish="v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/publish/$RID"
+          "$publish/v2rayN.WebAPI" --help | head -n 5
+          export V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY=ci-smoke-key-0123456789abcdef
+          export ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://127.0.0.1:5080
+          cd "$publish"
+          ./v2rayN.WebAPI --foreground --no-open > /tmp/smoke.log 2>&1 &
+          app_pid=$!
+          echo "$app_pid" > /tmp/smoke.pid
+          echo "riscv64 API smoke application PID: $app_pid"
+          ok=0
+          for i in $(seq 1 90); do
+            if curl --noproxy '*' -fsS http://127.0.0.1:5080/api/health >/dev/null 2>&1; then ok=1; break; fi
+            if ! kill -0 "$app_pid" 2>/dev/null; then break; fi
+            sleep 1
+          done
+          if [ "$ok" != 1 ]; then
+            echo 'riscv64 API smoke did not become healthy'
+            tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log || true
+            kill -TERM "$app_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+            sleep 1
+            kill -KILL "$app_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          kill -TERM "$app_pid"
+          stopped=0
+          for i in $(seq 1 30); do
+            if ! kill -0 "$app_pid" 2>/dev/null; then stopped=1; break; fi
+            sleep 1
+          done
+          if [ "$stopped" != 1 ]; then
+            echo 'riscv64 API smoke did not exit within 30s after SIGTERM'
+            tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log || true
+            kill -KILL "$app_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          set +e
+          wait "$app_pid"
+          exit_code=$?
+          set -e
+          if [ "$exit_code" -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "riscv64 API smoke exited with status $exit_code after SIGTERM"
+            tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo 'linux-riscv64 native API smoke OK'
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: v2rayN.WebAPI-linux-riscv64
+          path: dist/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  # linux-loongarch64 publishes inside the upstream QEMU loong64 VM with the official
+  # Loongson .NET SDK; the VM runs the native smoke before the host packages the ZIPs.
+  native-loong64:
+    name: Native API build (linux-loongarch64)
+    needs: identity
+    if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04-arm
+    env:
+      RID: linux-loongarch64
+      V2RAYN_WEB_VERSION: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_COMMIT: ${{ github.sha }}
+      V2RAYN_WEB_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+      QCOW2_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.5/debian13-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.5/edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.5/edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QCOW2_IMAGE: debian13-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE: edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS: edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QEMU_VERSION: 10.2.4
+    steps:
+      - name: Prepare host tools
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y git rsync qemu-utils qemu-system-common expect wget curl ca-certificates libfdt1 libglib2.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libslirp0 virtiofsd
+          sudo ln -sf /usr/libexec/virtiofsd /usr/local/bin/virtiofsd
+          virtiofsd --version || virtiofsd --help | head
+      - name: Host clone repo
+        shell: bash
+        env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf repo
+          git init repo
+          git -C repo config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD/repo" || true
+          git -C repo remote add origin "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git"
+          git -C repo fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
+          git -C repo checkout FETCH_HEAD
+      - name: Download QEMU prebuild
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          wget -O qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz "https://github.com/xujiegb/qemu-linux-prebuild/releases/download/${QEMU_VERSION}/qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz"
+          tar -xzf qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz
+          mkdir -p "$HOME/qemu-install"
+          rsync -a qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2/ "$HOME/qemu-install/"
+          "$HOME/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64" --version
+      - name: Download loong64 qcow2 and EFI firmware
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          wget -O "$QCOW2_IMAGE" "$QCOW2_URL"
+          wget -O "$EFI_CODE" "$EFI_CODE_URL"
+          wget -O "$EFI_VARS" "$EFI_VARS_URL"
+          qemu-img info "$QCOW2_IMAGE"
+      - name: Stage the VM build script and the matching Core bundle
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          cat > webapi-loong.env <<EOF
+          WEB_VERSION=${V2RAYN_WEB_VERSION}
+          WEB_REPOSITORY=${V2RAYN_WEB_REPOSITORY}
+          WEB_COMMIT=${V2RAYN_WEB_COMMIT}
+          WEB_BUILD_DATE=${V2RAYN_WEB_BUILD_DATE}
+          EOF
+          cat > webapi-loong-run.sh <<'SCRIPT'
+          #!/usr/bin/env bash
+          set +e
+          set -o pipefail
+          source /workspace/webapi-loong.env
+          export DOTNET_ROOT=/root/.dotnet
+          export PATH="$DOTNET_ROOT:$PATH"
+          mkdir -p /root/.dotnet
+          SDK=dotnet-sdk-10.0.111-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz
+          curl -fL "https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download/v10.0.111-loongarch64/$SDK" -o /tmp/$SDK || exit 9
+          tar -C /root/.dotnet -xzf /tmp/$SDK || exit 9
+          dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 || exit 9
+          cd /root/v2rayN-src || exit 9
+          mkdir -p /workspace/publish/linux-loongarch64
+          V2RAYN_WEB_VERSION="$WEB_VERSION" V2RAYN_WEB_REPOSITORY="$WEB_REPOSITORY" V2RAYN_WEB_COMMIT="$WEB_COMMIT" V2RAYN_WEB_BUILD_DATE="$WEB_BUILD_DATE" \
+            bash v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/publish-native.sh linux-loongarch64 /workspace/publish/linux-loongarch64 2>&1 | tee /tmp/publish.log
+          rc=$?
+          if [ $rc -eq 0 ]; then
+            mkdir -p /workspace/publish/linux-loongarch64/bin
+            cp -a /workspace/core-bundle/. /workspace/publish/linux-loongarch64/bin/
+            # Smoke a VM-local copy: the shared publish tree must stay exactly the packaging
+            # input, without runtime lock/data files owned by the VM user.
+            rm -rf /root/websmoke
+            cp -a /workspace/publish/linux-loongarch64 /root/websmoke
+            cd /root/websmoke || exit 9
+            ./bin/xray/xray -version >/dev/null || rc=9
+            ./bin/sing_box/sing-box version >/dev/null || rc=9
+            ./bin/mihomo/mihomo -v >/dev/null || rc=9
+            ./v2rayN.WebAPI --help >/dev/null || rc=9
+            V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY=ci-smoke-key-0123456789abcdef ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://127.0.0.1:5080 ./v2rayN.WebAPI --foreground --no-open > /tmp/smoke.log 2>&1 &
+            APP=$!
+            echo "$APP" > /tmp/smoke.pid
+            ok=0
+            for i in $(seq 1 90); do
+              if curl --noproxy '*' -fsS http://127.0.0.1:5080/api/health >/dev/null 2>&1; then ok=1; break; fi
+              if ! kill -0 "$APP" 2>/dev/null; then break; fi
+              sleep 1
+            done
+            if [ "$ok" != 1 ]; then
+              echo 'loongarch64 API smoke did not become healthy'
+              tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log
+              kill -KILL "$APP" 2>/dev/null || true
+              rc=9
+            fi
+            if [ "$rc" = 0 ]; then
+              kill -TERM "$APP"
+              exited=0
+              for i in $(seq 1 60); do
+                if ! kill -0 "$APP" 2>/dev/null; then exited=1; break; fi
+                sleep 1
+              done
+              if [ "$exited" != 1 ]; then
+                echo 'loongarch64 API smoke did not exit within 60s after SIGTERM'
+                tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log
+                kill -KILL "$APP" 2>/dev/null || true
+                rc=9
+              else
+                wait "$APP"
+                app_rc=$?
+                if [ "$app_rc" != 0 ]; then
+                  echo "loongarch64 API smoke exited with status $app_rc after SIGTERM"
+                  tail -n 60 /tmp/smoke.log
+                  rc=9
+                fi
+              fi
+            fi
+          fi
+          if [ "$rc" != 0 ]; then echo '=== publish.log ==='; tail -n 120 /tmp/publish.log 2>/dev/null; fi
+          echo "__WEBAPI_DONE__$rc"
+          SCRIPT
+          bash repo/v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/fetch-core-bundle.sh "$RID" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/core-bundle"
+          ls -la "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/core-bundle" | head -n 15
+      - name: Build WebAPI loongarch64 in the VM (publish + native smoke)
+        shell: bash
+        timeout-minutes: 180
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist"
+          export VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET="$RUNNER_TEMP/virtiofs-webapi-loongarch64.sock"
+          rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"
+
+          sudo virtiofsd --socket-path="$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" --shared-dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" --cache=auto &
+
+          VIRTIOFSD_PID=$!
+          trap 'sudo kill "$VIRTIOFSD_PID" 2>/dev/null || true; rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"' EXIT
+
+          for i in {1..100}; do
+            [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] && break
+            sleep 0.1
+          done
+          [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] || { echo "virtiofsd socket not created"; exit 1; }
+          sudo chown "$USER:$(id -gn)" "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
+          sudo chmod 660 "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
+          expect <<'EOF'
+          log_user 1
+          set timeout 10800
+          set qemu_bin "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64"
+          set qemu_rom_dir "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/share/qemu"
+          set virtiofs_socket $env(VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET)
+          set qcow2 $env(QCOW2_IMAGE)
+          set efi_code $env(EFI_CODE)
+          set efi_vars $env(EFI_VARS)
+          proc wait_prompt {} {
+            expect {
+              -re "__CI_PROMPT__# " {}
+              timeout { exit 1 }
+              eof { exit 1 }
+            }
+          }
+          proc run_cmd {cmd} {
+            send -- "$cmd\r"
+            wait_prompt
+          }
+          spawn $qemu_bin \
+            -L $qemu_rom_dir \
+            -machine virt \
+            -accel tcg,thread=multi,tb-size=2048 \
+            -cpu la464 \
+            -m 9216 \
+            -object memory-backend-memfd,id=mem0,size=9216M,share=on \
+            -numa node,memdev=mem0 \
+            -smp 4 \
+            -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=$efi_code,readonly=on \
+            -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=$efi_vars \
+            -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0,bootindex=1 \
+            -drive if=none,media=disk,id=hd0,file=$qcow2,format=qcow2 \
+            -netdev user,id=net0 \
+            -device virtio-net-pci-non-transitional,netdev=net0 \
+            -chardev socket,id=charfs0,path=$virtiofs_socket \
+            -device vhost-user-fs-pci,chardev=charfs0,tag=workspace \
+            -display none \
+            -serial stdio \
+            -monitor none
+          expect -re "login:|debian login:"
+          send -- "root\r"
+          expect -re "Password:|密码:|密码："
+          send -- "password\r"
+          expect {
+            -re "# " {}
+            timeout { exit 1 }
+            eof { exit 1 }
+          }
+          send -- "export TERM=dumb; export PS1='__CI_PROMPT__# '\r"
+          wait_prompt
+          run_cmd "mkdir -p /workspace"
+          run_cmd "mount -t virtiofs workspace /workspace"
+          run_cmd "IFACE=\$(ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '\$2 != \"lo\" {print \$2; exit}') ; ip link set \$IFACE up || true"
+          run_cmd "dhclient \$IFACE || true"
+          run_cmd "printf 'nameserver 10.0.2.3\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\n' >/etc/resolv.conf"
+          run_cmd "apt-get update || apt-get update || apt-get update"
+          run_cmd "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates python3 libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1 libicu76 || DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates python3 libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1"
+          run_cmd "rm -rf /root/v2rayN-src"
+          run_cmd "rsync -a /workspace/repo/ /root/v2rayN-src/"
+          run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && git config --global --add safe.directory /root/v2rayN-src"
+          send -- "bash /workspace/webapi-loong-run.sh\r"
+          expect {
+            -re "__WEBAPI_DONE__0" { send -- "poweroff\r" }
+            -re "__WEBAPI_DONE__" { exit 1 }
+            timeout { exit 1 }
+            eof { exit 1 }
+          }
+          EOF
+      - name: Verify the loongarch64 publish tree
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          publish="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/publish/linux-loongarch64"
+          test -x "$publish/v2rayN.WebAPI"
+          test -f "$publish/v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json"
+          unreadable="$(find "$publish" ! -readable -print -quit)"
+          if [ -n "$unreadable" ]; then
+            echo "The loongarch64 publish tree contains unreadable entries:"
+            find "$publish" ! -readable -print | head -n 20
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "loongarch64 publish tree is complete and readable"
+      - name: Package API install and self-update ZIPs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          python3 repo/v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-release-assets.py package --rid "$RID" --publish "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/publish/linux-loongarch64" --dist "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist"
+          ls -la "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: v2rayN.WebAPI-linux-loongarch64
+          path: dist/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  container:
+    name: API Containerfile (${{ matrix.rid }})
+    needs: identity
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Development builds keep amd64 coverage; releases also validate ARM64.
+        include: >-
+          ${{ fromJSON(needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+            && '[{"rid":"linux-x64","platform":"linux/amd64"},{"rid":"linux-arm64","platform":"linux/arm64"}]'
+            || '[{"rid":"linux-x64","platform":"linux/amd64"}]') }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - name: Build API container (no push)
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        env:
+          DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Containerfile
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
+          tags: v2rayn-webapi:ci
+          build-args: |
+            RID=${{ matrix.rid }}
+            WEB_VERSION=${{ needs.identity.outputs.version }}
+            WEB_REPOSITORY=${{ github.repository }}
+            WEB_COMMIT=${{ github.sha }}
+            WEB_BUILD_DATE=${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}
+          push: false
+
+  release-assets:
+    name: Assemble API release assets
+    if: needs.identity.outputs.release == 'true'
+    needs: [identity, verify, windows, windows-arm64, native, native-riscv64, native-loong64, container]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          pattern: v2rayN.WebAPI-*
+          path: release-assets
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Build and verify WebAPI-update.json
+        env:
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ needs.identity.outputs.tag }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          python3 v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-update-manifest.py write \
+            --version "$RELEASE_TAG" \
+            --repository "${{ github.repository }}" \
+            --commit "${{ github.sha }}" \
+            --build-date "${{ needs.identity.outputs.build_date }}" \
+            --dist release-assets \
+            --output release-assets/WebAPI-update.json
+          python3 v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/web-update-manifest.py verify \
+            --manifest release-assets/WebAPI-update.json \
+            --dist release-assets \
+            --repository "${{ github.repository }}"
+      - name: Smoke-test full API ZIP
+        run: bash v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests/Integration/test-full-zip-runtime.sh release-assets/v2rayN-linux-64-WebAPI.zip
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: WebAPI-release-packages
+          path: release-assets/*.zip
+          if-no-files-found: error
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: WebAPI-release-manifest
+          path: release-assets/WebAPI-update.json
+          if-no-files-found: error

.github/workflows/build-all.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ jobs:
     secrets:
       GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
 
+  release-WebAPI:
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/release-WebAPI.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets: inherit
+
   update:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:

.github/workflows/release-WebAPI.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: release v2rayN.WebAPI
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY:
+        required: false
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        description: 'Release tag (for example 7.x.y).'
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: read
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-WebAPI.yml
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+
+  release-web-packages:
+    name: sign and upload Web API packages
+    # Upload through the shared signing flow, exactly like the desktop packages.
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    needs: build
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+      artifact_name: WebAPI-release-packages
+      file_pattern: 'v2rayN-*-WebAPI*.zip'
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-web-manifest:
+    name: sign and upload Web update manifest
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    # Advertise the update only after its packages and manifest have been uploaded.
+    needs: [build, release-web-packages]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+      artifact_name: WebAPI-release-manifest
+      file_pattern: 'WebAPI-update.json'
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }

.github/workflows/winget-publish.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ jobs:
           $wingetPackage = "2dust.v2rayN"
           $gitToken = "${{ secrets.PT_WINGET }}"
 
-          $github = Invoke-RestMethod -uri "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases" 
+          $headers = @{ Authorization = "Bearer $gitToken"; Accept = "application/vnd.github+json" }
+
+          $github = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases" -Headers $headers
 
           $targetRelease = $github | Where-Object -Property prerelease -match 'False' | Select -First 1
           

package-debian.sh

@@ -676,6 +676,15 @@ EOF
   find "$stage/opt/v2rayN" -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
   [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" ]] && chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN" || true
 
+  # Core binaries must be executable before installation: ordinary users cannot
+  # chmod the root-owned files installed by dpkg.
+  local core
+  for core in xray/xray sing_box/sing-box mihomo/mihomo; do
+    if [[ -f "$stage/opt/v2rayN/bin/$core" ]]; then
+      chmod 0755 "$stage/opt/v2rayN/bin/$core"
+    fi
+  done
+
   deb_out="$OUTPUT_DIR/v2rayn_${VERSION}_${deb_arch}.deb"
   dpkg-deb --root-owner-group --build "$stage" "$deb_out"
 

v2rayN/AmazTool/UpgradeApp.cs

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ internal class UpgradeApp
             var thisAppOldFile = $"{Utils.GetExePath()}.tmp";
             File.Delete(thisAppOldFile);
             var splitKey = "/";
+            var allowedBaseDir = Utils.StartupPath();
+            var pathComparison = Utils.GetPathComparison();
 
             using var archive = ZipFile.OpenRead(fileName);
             foreach (var entry in archive.Entries)
@@ -65,16 +67,21 @@ internal class UpgradeApp
                     }
 
                     var fullName = string.Join(splitKey, lst[1..lst.Length]);
+                    var entryOutputPath = Utils.GetPath(fullName);
+                    if (!Utils.IsPathUnderDirectory(allowedBaseDir, entryOutputPath))
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine($"{Resx.Resource.FailedUpgrade} blocked potential path traversal: {entry.FullName}");
+                        return;
+                    }
 
-                    if (string.Equals(Utils.GetExePath(), Utils.GetPath(fullName), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                    if (string.Equals(Utils.GetExePath(), entryOutputPath, pathComparison))
                     {
                         File.Move(Utils.GetExePath(), thisAppOldFile);
                     }
 
-                    var entryOutputPath = Utils.GetPath(fullName);
                     Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(entryOutputPath)!);
                     //In the bin folder, if the file already exists, it will be skipped
-                    if (fullName.StartsWith("bin") && File.Exists(entryOutputPath))
+                    if (fullName.StartsWith("bin", pathComparison) && File.Exists(entryOutputPath))
                     {
                         continue;
                     }

v2rayN/AmazTool/Utils.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,28 @@ internal class Utils
         return Path.Combine(startupPath, fileName);
     }
 
+    public static bool IsPathUnderDirectory(string baseDir, string targetPath)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(baseDir) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(targetPath))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var baseFull = Path.GetFullPath(baseDir);
+        var targetFull = Path.GetFullPath(targetPath);
+
+        baseFull = baseFull.TrimEnd(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar) + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;
+
+        return targetFull.StartsWith(baseFull, GetPathComparison());
+    }
+
+    public static StringComparison GetPathComparison()
+    {
+        return OperatingSystem.IsWindows()
+            ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+            : StringComparison.Ordinal;
+    }
+
     public static string V2rayN => "v2rayN";
 
     public static void StartV2RayN()

v2rayN/Directory.Build.props

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project>
 
     <PropertyGroup>
-        <Version>7.25.4</Version>
+        <Version>7.25.6</Version>
     </PropertyGroup>
 
     <PropertyGroup>

v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="IPNetwork2" Version="4.3.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.Avalonia" Version="12.1.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="CliWrap" Version="3.10.5" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="Downloader" Version="5.9.8" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Downloader" Version="5.10.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="H.NotifyIcon.Wpf" Version="2.4.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="MaterialDesignThemes" Version="5.3.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="QRCoder" Version="1.8.0" />
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="sqlite-net-e" Version="1.11.285" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Repobot.SQLite.Unofficial" Version="3.53.4.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="TaskScheduler" Version="2.12.2" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit" Version="1.68.17" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit" Version="1.75.0" />
-    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should" Version="1.65.38-beta" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should" Version="1.72.16-beta" />
     <PackageVersion Include="WebDav.Client" Version="2.9.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="18.1.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="ZXing.Net.Bindings.SkiaSharp" Version="0.16.22" />
     <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4" />
   </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+</Project>

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/Common/UnixFileModeTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Common;
+
+public class UnixFileModeTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public async Task AlreadyExecutableSystemBinary_ShouldNotRequireOwnership()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // /bin/sh is executable but owned by root on the Unix CI runners.
+        // A regular user must not need chmod permission just to launch it.
+        var mode = File.GetUnixFileMode("/bin/sh");
+        await Utils.SetUnixFileMode("/bin/sh").Should().BeTrue();
+        await File.GetUnixFileMode("/bin/sh").Should().BeEqualTo(mode);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task NonExecutableOwnedFile_ShouldGainExecuteBitsWithoutLosingOtherPermissions()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var path = Path.GetTempFileName();
+        try
+        {
+            var mode = UnixFileMode.UserRead | UnixFileMode.UserWrite | UnixFileMode.GroupRead;
+            File.SetUnixFileMode(path, mode);
+
+            await Utils.SetUnixFileMode(path).Should().BeTrue();
+            await File.GetUnixFileMode(path).Should().BeEqualTo(mode | UnixFileMode.UserExecute | UnixFileMode.GroupExecute | UnixFileMode.OtherExecute);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            File.Delete(path);
+        }
+    }
+}

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/CoreConfig/CoreConfigTestFactory.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-using System.Reflection;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Manager;
-using ServiceLib.Models;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig;
 
 internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/CoreConfig/Singbox/CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests.cs

@@ -716,7 +716,6 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests
         }
     }
 
-
     [Test]
     public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_CustomOutbound_ShouldReplaceWithUserCustomOutboundJson()
     {

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/CoreConfig/V2ray/CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests.cs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
             .Select(item => item!.GetValue<string>())
             .Should().BeEquivalentTo(["a=1", "b=2"]);
     }
- 
+
     [Test]
     public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroup_ShouldExpandChildrenAndBuildBalancer()
     {
@@ -587,13 +587,11 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
     }
 
     [Test]
-    [Arguments(true)]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Tun_ShouldSkipIPv6RouteWithoutGlobalIPv6()
-    [Arguments(false)]
-    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Tun_ShouldSkipIPv6RouteWithoutGlobalIPv6(bool enableIPv6Address)
     {
         // A host without a global IPv6 address has no IPv6 traffic that could bypass the tunnel,
         // while ::/0 would pull IPv6 attempts into a tunnel they cannot leave.
-        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType.Xray, enableIPv6Address);
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType.Xray, enableIPv6Address: false);
         CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
 
         var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
@@ -611,6 +609,26 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
         await ipv6Routes.Should().BeEmpty();
     }
 
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Tun_ShouldRouteIPv6WhenEnabledWithoutGlobalIPv6()
+    {
+        // Hosts behind NAT66 hold only ULA addresses, so EnableIPv6Address must still route ::/0.
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType.Xray, enableIPv6Address: true);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray, hasGlobalIPv6Address: false);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");
+
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("::/0");
+    }
+
     [Test]
     public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunRouteExcludeAddress_ShouldSkipIPv6RangesWithoutGlobalIPv6()
     {

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/Handler/ConfigHandlerCustomSubscriptionTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+using ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig;
+
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Handler;
+
+public class ConfigHandlerCustomSubscriptionTests
+{
+    private const string FullXrayConfigs = """
+        [
+          {"remarks":"custom-1","inbounds":[{"tag":"socks","listen":"127.0.0.1","port":10808,"protocol":"socks","settings":{"auth":"noauth","udp":true}}],"outbounds":[{"tag":"proxy","protocol":"vless","settings":{"vnext":[{"address":"127.0.0.1","port":443,"users":[{"id":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001","encryption":"none"}]}]},"streamSettings":{"network":"tcp"}}],"routing":{"domainStrategy":"AsIs","rules":[]}},
+          {"remarks":"custom-2","inbounds":[{"tag":"socks","listen":"127.0.0.1","port":10808,"protocol":"socks","settings":{"auth":"noauth","udp":true}}],"outbounds":[{"tag":"proxy","protocol":"vless","settings":{"vnext":[{"address":"127.0.0.1","port":443,"users":[{"id":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001","encryption":"none"}]}]},"streamSettings":{"network":"tcp"}}],"routing":{"domainStrategy":"AsIs","rules":[]}}
+        ]
+        """;
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task AddBatchServers_FullConfigsFromSubscription_InheritSubscriptionPreSocksPort()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig();
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+        SQLiteHelper.Instance.CreateTable<SubItem>();
+        SQLiteHelper.Instance.CreateTable<ProfileItem>();
+
+        var subId = $"sub-{Guid.NewGuid():N}";
+        await SQLiteHelper.Instance.ReplaceAsync(new SubItem
+        {
+            Id = subId,
+            Remarks = "sub",
+            Url = "http://127.0.0.1/sub",
+            PreSocksPort = 10808,
+        });
+
+        var count = await ConfigHandler.AddBatchServers(config, FullXrayConfigs, subId, true);
+        var profiles = await AppManager.Instance.ProfileItems(subId) ?? [];
+
+        await count.Should().BeEqualTo(2);
+        await profiles.Should().HaveCount(2);
+        foreach (var profile in profiles)
+        {
+            await profile.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.Custom);
+            await profile.PreSocksPort.Should().BeEqualTo(10808);
+        }
+    }
+}

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/Manager/ProfileExManagerConcurrencyTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Manager;
+
+public class ProfileExManagerConcurrencyTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public async Task SetTestDelay_FromManyThreads_ShouldNotThrow()
+    {
+        var manager = CreateManager();
+        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+        var threads = Environment.ProcessorCount * 2;
+
+        //Hammer the same manager from several streams at once: the queue is mutated while
+        //other threads keep pushing into it
+        var barrier = new Barrier(threads);
+        Parallel.For(0, threads, t =>
+        {
+            barrier.SignalAndWait();
+            for (var i = 0; i < 5000; i++)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    manager.SetTestDelay($"index{i % 500}", i);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    lock (exceptions)
+                    {
+                        exceptions.Add(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        await exceptions.Count.Should().BeEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task SetTestDelay_FromManyThreads_ShouldNotLoseQueuedIds()
+    {
+        var manager = CreateManager();
+        var ids = 500;
+
+        Parallel.For(0, Environment.ProcessorCount * 2, t =>
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 5000; i++)
+            {
+                manager.SetTestDelay($"id{i % ids}", i);
+            }
+        });
+
+        var drained = Drain(manager);
+        await drained.Count.Should().BeGreaterThanOrEqualTo(ids);
+        await drained.Distinct().Count().Should().BeEqualTo(ids);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task SetTestDelay_ShouldCreateOneEntryPerIndex()
+    {
+        var manager = CreateManager();
+
+        await Parallel.ForEachAsync(Enumerable.Range(0, 500), new ParallelOptions { MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 32 },
+            async (i, ct) =>
+            {
+                manager.SetTestDelay($"same{i % 10}", i);
+                await Task.CompletedTask;
+            });
+
+        var items = await manager.GetProfileExs();
+        await items.Count.Should().BeEqualTo(10);
+        await items.Select(t => t.IndexId).Distinct().Count().Should().BeEqualTo(10);
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileExManager CreateManager()
+    {
+        return (ProfileExManager)Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(ProfileExManager), nonPublic: true)!;
+    }
+
+    private static List<string> Drain(ProfileExManager manager)
+    {
+        var queue = (System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue<string>)typeof(ProfileExManager)
+            .GetField("_queIndexIds", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)!
+            .GetValue(manager)!;
+
+        var result = new List<string>();
+        while (queue.TryDequeue(out var id))
+        {
+            result.Add(id);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+}

v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/Services/SpeedtestServiceBatchTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Services;
+
+public class SpeedtestServiceBatchTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(0)]
+    [Arguments(1000)]
+    public async Task EmptySelection_ShouldReturnNoBatches(int pageSize)
+    {
+        await GetBatches([], pageSize).Count.Should().BeEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(0)]
+    [Arguments(-1)]
+    public async Task NonPositivePageSize_ShouldKeepEveryEligibleProfile(int pageSize)
+    {
+        var profiles = CreateProfiles();
+        var batches = GetBatches(profiles, pageSize);
+
+        await batches.Count.Should().BeEqualTo(profiles.Count);
+        await batches.SelectMany(batch => batch).Count().Should().BeEqualTo(profiles.Count);
+        foreach (var profile in profiles)
+        {
+            await batches.SelectMany(batch => batch).Count(item => ReferenceEquals(item, profile)).Should().BeEqualTo(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task NormalBatches_ShouldRespectPageSizeAndKeepCoreTypesSeparate()
+    {
+        var profiles = CreateProfiles();
+        var batches = GetBatches(profiles, 2);
+
+        await batches.Count.Should().BeEqualTo(3);
+        await batches.SelectMany(batch => batch).Count().Should().BeEqualTo(profiles.Count);
+        foreach (var batch in batches)
+        {
+            await (batch.Count > 0 && batch.Count <= 2).Should().BeTrue();
+            await batch.Select(item => item.CoreType).Distinct().Count().Should().BeEqualTo(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<ServerTestItem> CreateProfiles() =>
+    [
+        new() { CoreType = ECoreType.Xray },
+        new() { CoreType = ECoreType.Xray },
+        new() { CoreType = ECoreType.Xray },
+        new() { CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box },
+        new() { CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box }
+    ];
+
+    private static List<List<ServerTestItem>> GetBatches(List<ServerTestItem> profiles, int pageSize)
+    {
+        var service = new SpeedtestService(new Config { SpeedTestItem = new() }, _ => Task.CompletedTask);
+        var method = typeof(SpeedtestService).GetMethod("GetTestBatchItem", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic)!;
+        return (List<List<ServerTestItem>>)method.Invoke(service, [profiles, pageSize])!;
+    }
+}

v2rayN/ServiceLib.UdpTest/Tester/McBeService.cs

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ public class McBeService : IUdpTest
     {
         // 0x1c | client alive time in ms (recorded from previous ping) |
         // server GUID | Magic | string length | Edition
-        // 
+        //
         // Edition Example:
-        // 
+        //
         // MCPE;Dedicated Server;527;1.19.1;0;10;13253860892328930865;Bedrock level;Survival;1;19132;19133;
         if (mcbeResponseBytes.Length < 48)
         {

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Common/Utils.cs

@@ -501,6 +501,31 @@ public class Utils
         };
     }
 
+    public static List<(string, string)> ParseHeaders(string? headers)
+    {
+        var result = new List<(string, string)>();
+        if (headers.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return result;
+        }
+        var lines = headers.Split(new[] { '\r', '\n' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+        foreach (var line in lines)
+        {
+            var parts = line.Split(new[] { ':' }, 2);
+            if (parts.Length != 2)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            var key = parts[0].Trim();
+            var value = parts[1].Trim();
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
+            {
+                result.Add((key, value));
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
     #endregion Conversion Functions
 
     #region Data Checks
@@ -1416,7 +1441,11 @@ public class Utils
             if (File.Exists(fileName))
             {
                 var currentMode = File.GetUnixFileMode(fileName);
-                File.SetUnixFileMode(fileName, currentMode | UnixFileMode.UserExecute | UnixFileMode.GroupExecute | UnixFileMode.OtherExecute);
+                var executableMode = currentMode | UnixFileMode.UserExecute | UnixFileMode.GroupExecute | UnixFileMode.OtherExecute;
+                if (currentMode != executableMode)
+                {
+                    File.SetUnixFileMode(fileName, executableMode);
+                }
                 return true;
             }
         }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Enums/EConfigType.cs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ public enum EConfigType
     Anytls = 11,
     Naive = 12,
     Outbound = 13,
+    MASQUE = 14,
     PolicyGroup = 101,
     ProxyChain = 102,
 }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Global.cs

@@ -261,7 +261,8 @@ public class Global
         { EConfigType.TUIC, "tuic" },
         { EConfigType.WireGuard, "wireguard" },
         { EConfigType.Anytls, "anytls" },
-        { EConfigType.Naive, "naive" }
+        { EConfigType.Naive, "naive" },
+        { EConfigType.MASQUE, "masque" },
     };
 
     public static readonly List<string> VmessSecurities =
@@ -371,6 +372,7 @@ public class Global
         EConfigType.Trojan,
         EConfigType.Hysteria2,
         EConfigType.WireGuard,
+        EConfigType.MASQUE,
         EConfigType.SOCKS,
         EConfigType.HTTP,
     ];
@@ -386,6 +388,7 @@ public class Global
         EConfigType.Anytls,
         EConfigType.Naive,
         EConfigType.WireGuard,
+        EConfigType.MASQUE,
         EConfigType.SOCKS,
         EConfigType.HTTP,
     ];
@@ -653,10 +656,10 @@ public class Global
         { ECoreType.Xray, "XTLS/Xray-core" },
         { ECoreType.sing_box, "SagerNet/sing-box" },
         { ECoreType.mihomo, "MetaCubeX/mihomo" },
-        { ECoreType.hysteria, "apernet/hysteria" },
+        { ECoreType.hysteria, "HyNetworks/hysteria" },
-        { ECoreType.hysteria2, "apernet/hysteria" },
+        { ECoreType.hysteria2, "HyNetworks/hysteria" },
         { ECoreType.naiveproxy, "klzgrad/naiveproxy" },
-        { ECoreType.tuic, "EAimTY/tuic" },
+        { ECoreType.tuic, "tuic-protocol/tuic" },
         { ECoreType.juicity, "juicity/juicity" },
         { ECoreType.brook, "txthinking/brook" },
         { ECoreType.overtls, "ShadowsocksR-Live/overtls" },

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Handler/Builder/CoreConfigContextBuilder.cs

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
             RoutingItem = await ConfigHandler.GetDefaultRouting(config),
             IsWindows = Utils.IsWindows(),
             IsMacOS = Utils.IsMacOS(),
+            IsLinux = Utils.IsLinux(),
             HasGlobalIPv6Address = Utils.HasGlobalIPv6Address(),
             ProtectCoreTypeList = config.TunModeItem.EnableTun ? [ECoreType.Xray, ECoreType.sing_box] : []
         };

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Handler/ConfigHandler.cs

@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
             EConfigType.WireGuard => await AddWireguardServer(config, item),
             EConfigType.Anytls => await AddAnytlsServer(config, item),
             EConfigType.Naive => await AddNaiveServer(config, item),
+            EConfigType.MASQUE => await AddMasqueServer(config, item),
             _ => -1,
         };
         return ret;
@@ -992,6 +993,29 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
         return 0;
     }
 
+    public static async Task<int> AddMasqueServer(Config config, ProfileItem profileItem, bool toFile = true)
+    {
+        profileItem.ConfigType = EConfigType.MASQUE;
+
+        profileItem.Address = profileItem.Address.TrimEx();
+        profileItem.Username = profileItem.Username.TrimEx();
+        profileItem.Password = profileItem.Password.TrimEx();
+        profileItem.Fingerprint = string.Empty;
+        profileItem.Alpn = string.Empty;
+        profileItem.Network = string.Empty;
+        profileItem.AllowInsecure = string.Empty;
+        if (profileItem.StreamSecurity.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            profileItem.StreamSecurity = Global.StreamSecurity;
+        }
+        if (profileItem.Password.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        await AddServerCommon(config, profileItem, toFile);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Sort the server list by the specified column
     /// Updates the sort order in the profile extension data
@@ -1684,6 +1708,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
                 EConfigType.WireGuard => await AddWireguardServer(config, profileItem, false),
                 EConfigType.Anytls => await AddAnytlsServer(config, profileItem, false),
                 EConfigType.Naive => await AddNaiveServer(config, profileItem, false),
+                EConfigType.MASQUE => await AddMasqueServer(config, profileItem, false),
                 _ => -1,
             };
 
@@ -1753,7 +1778,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
         }
         if (lstProfiles.Count > 0)
         {
-            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub);
+            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub, subItem);
             if (count > 0)
             {
                 return count;
@@ -1799,7 +1824,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
 
         if (lstProfiles?.Count > 0)
         {
-            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub);
+            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub, subItem);
             if (count > 0)
             {
                 return count;
@@ -1813,7 +1838,8 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
         Config config,
         List<ProfileItem> lstProfiles,
         string subid,
-        bool isSub)
+        bool isSub,
+        SubItem? subItem)
     {
         var count = 0;
         foreach (var it in lstProfiles)
@@ -1823,6 +1849,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
 
             if (it.ConfigType == EConfigType.Custom)
             {
+                it.PreSocksPort = subItem?.PreSocksPort;
                 if (await AddCustomServer(config, it, true) == 0)
                 {
                     count++;

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Manager/CoreInfoManager.cs

@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public sealed class CoreInfoManager
                     DownloadUrlLinuxLoong64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-linux-loong64.tar.gz",
                     DownloadUrlOSX64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-darwin-amd64.tar.gz",
                     DownloadUrlOSXArm64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-darwin-arm64.tar.gz",
-                    LockedMaxVersion = new SemanticVersion(1, 14, int.MaxValue),
+                    //LockedMaxVersion = new SemanticVersion(1, 14, int.MaxValue),
                     Match = "sing-box",
                     VersionArg = "version",
                 },

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Manager/ProfileExManager.cs

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ public class ProfileExManager
 {
     private static readonly Lazy<ProfileExManager> _instance = new(() => new());
     private ConcurrentBag<ProfileExItem> _lstProfileEx = [];
-    private readonly Queue<string> _queIndexIds = new();
+    private readonly ConcurrentQueue<string> _queIndexIds = new();
+    private readonly Lock _profileExLock = new();
     public static ProfileExManager Instance => _instance.Value;
     private static readonly string _tag = "ProfileExHandler";
 
@@ -27,29 +28,39 @@ public class ProfileExManager
     {
         await SQLiteHelper.Instance.ExecuteAsync($"delete from ProfileExItem where indexId not in ( select indexId from ProfileItem )");
 
-        _lstProfileEx = new(await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileExItem>().ToListAsync());
+        var lstProfileEx = new ConcurrentBag<ProfileExItem>(await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileExItem>().ToListAsync());
+        lock (_profileExLock)
+        {
+            _lstProfileEx = lstProfileEx;
+        }
     }
 
     private void IndexIdEnqueue(string indexId)
     {
-        if (indexId.IsNotEmpty() && !_queIndexIds.Contains(indexId))
+        if (indexId.IsNotEmpty())
         {
+            //Speed tests touch this from many threads; duplicates are harmless here since
+            //the save loop just writes the same row more than once
             _queIndexIds.Enqueue(indexId);
         }
     }
 
     private async Task SaveQueueIndexIds()
     {
-        var cnt = _queIndexIds.Count;
+        var lstIds = new List<string>();
-        if (cnt > 0)
+        while (_queIndexIds.TryDequeue(out var id))
+        {
+            lstIds.Add(id);
+        }
+
+        if (lstIds.Count > 0)
         {
             var lstExists = await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileExItem>().ToListAsync();
             List<ProfileExItem> lstInserts = [];
             List<ProfileExItem> lstUpdates = [];
 
-            for (var i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+            foreach (var id in lstIds)
             {
-                var id = _queIndexIds.Dequeue();
                 var item = lstExists.FirstOrDefault(t => t.IndexId == id);
                 var itemNew = _lstProfileEx?.FirstOrDefault(t => t.IndexId == id);
                 if (itemNew is null)
@@ -103,13 +114,26 @@ public class ProfileExManager
 
     private ProfileExItem GetProfileExItem(string? indexId)
     {
-        return _lstProfileEx.FirstOrDefault(t => t.IndexId == indexId) ?? AddProfileEx(indexId);
+        var profileEx = _lstProfileEx.FirstOrDefault(t => t.IndexId == indexId);
+        if (profileEx is not null)
+        {
+            return profileEx;
+        }
+
+        lock (_profileExLock)
+        {
+            profileEx = _lstProfileEx.FirstOrDefault(t => t.IndexId == indexId);
+            return profileEx ?? AddProfileEx(indexId);
+        }
     }
 
     public async Task ClearAll()
     {
         await SQLiteHelper.Instance.ExecuteAsync($"delete from ProfileExItem ");
-        _lstProfileEx = [];
+        lock (_profileExLock)
+        {
+            _lstProfileEx = [];
+        }
     }
 
     public async Task SaveTo()

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Manager/TaskManager.cs

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public class TaskManager
 
         var updateService = new UpdateService(_config, async (success, msg) => await Task.CompletedTask);
 
-        var msgs = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(_config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate, _config.CheckUpdateItem.UpdateViaProxy);
+        var msgs = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(_config.CheckUpdateItem.UpdateViaProxy);
         foreach (var msg in msgs)
         {
             await _updateFunc?.Invoke(false, msg);

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/Configs/ConfigItems.cs

@@ -242,9 +242,9 @@ public class WebDavItem
 [Serializable]
 public class CheckUpdateItem
 {
-    public bool CheckPreReleaseUpdate { get; set; }
     public bool UpdateViaProxy { get; set; } = true;
     public List<string>? SelectedCoreTypes { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes { get; set; }
 }
 
 [Serializable]

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/CoreConfigs/CoreConfigContext.cs

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ public record CoreConfigContext
 
     public bool IsWindows { get; init; }
     public bool IsMacOS { get; init; }
+    public bool IsLinux { get; init; }
 
     // Defaults to true so that a context built without this flag keeps routing IPv6 into the
     // tunnel; only a positive detection of the host having no global IPv6 address turns it off.

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/CoreConfigs/SingboxConfig.cs

@@ -128,8 +128,6 @@ public class User4Sbox
 
 public class Outbound4Sbox : BaseServer4Sbox
 {
-    public string? server { get; set; }
-    public int? server_port { get; set; }
     public List<string>? server_ports { get; set; }
     public string? uuid { get; set; }
     public string? security { get; set; }
@@ -171,6 +169,10 @@ public class Endpoints4Sbox : BaseServer4Sbox
     public string? udp_timeout { get; set; }
     public int? workers { get; set; }
     public List<Peer4Sbox> peers { get; set; }
+    public string? username { get; set; }
+    public string? password { get; set; }
+    public string? path { get; set; }
+    public Dictionary<string, List<string>>? headers { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class Peer4Sbox
@@ -271,10 +273,8 @@ public class Server4Sbox : BaseServer4Sbox
     public string? inet4_range { get; set; }
     public string? inet6_range { get; set; }
     public string? client_subnet { get; set; }
-    public string? server { get; set; }
     public new string? domain_resolver { get; set; }
     [JsonPropertyName("interface")] public string? Interface { get; set; }
-    public int? server_port { get; set; }
     public string? path { get; set; }
     public Headers4Sbox? headers { get; set; }
 
@@ -359,4 +359,6 @@ public abstract class BaseServer4Sbox : DialFields4Sbox
 {
     public string type { get; set; }
     public string tag { get; set; }
+    public string? server { get; set; }
+    public int? server_port { get; set; }
 }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/CoreConfigs/V2rayConfig.cs

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ public class Inboundsettings4Ray
     public string? autoOutboundsInterface { get; set; }
 
     public List<string>? dns { get; set; }
+
+    public bool? autoSystemDnsToGateway { get; set; }
+
+    public List<string>? autoSystemWfpBlockLeak { get; set; }
 }
 
 public class Sniffing4Ray
@@ -315,6 +319,7 @@ public class StreamSettings4Ray
     public GrpcSettings4Ray? grpcSettings { get; set; }
 
     public HysteriaSettings4Ray? hysteriaSettings { get; set; }
+    public MasqueSettings4Ray? masqueSettings { get; set; }
 
     public object? finalmask { get; set; }
 
@@ -443,6 +448,12 @@ public class HysteriaSettings4Ray
     public string? auth { get; set; }
 }
 
+public class MasqueSettings4Ray
+{
+    public string? path { get; set; }
+    public Dictionary<string, string>? headers { get; set; }
+}
+
 public class UdpHop4Ray
 {
     public string? ports { get; set; }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/Dto/CheckUpdateModel.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
 public partial class CheckUpdateModel : ReactiveObject
 {
     public bool? IsSelected { get; set; }
+    public bool IsCheckPreRelease { get; set; }
+    public bool ShowCheckPreRelease { get; set; }
     public ECoreType? CoreType { get; set; }
     [Reactive] public partial string? Remarks { get; set; }
     public string? FileName { get; set; }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Models/Entities/ProtocolExtraItem.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ public record ProtocolExtraItem
     public int? InsecureConcurrency { get; init; }
     public bool? NaiveQuic { get; init; }
 
+    // MASQUE
+    public string? MasquePath { get; init; }
+    public string? MasqueHeaders { get; init; }
+
     // group profile
     public string? GroupType { get; init; }
     public string? ChildItems { get; init; }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Resx/ResUI.Designer.cs

@@ -789,6 +789,15 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Resx {
             }
         }
         
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   查找类似 Add [MASQUE] 的本地化字符串。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string menuAddMasqueServer {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("menuAddMasqueServer", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         ///   查找类似 Add [NaïveProxy] 的本地化字符串。
         /// </summary>
@@ -924,6 +933,15 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Resx {
             }
         }
         
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   查找类似 Check and Update 的本地化字符串。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string menuCheckAndUpdate {
+            get {
+                return ResourceManager.GetString("menuCheckAndUpdate", resourceCulture);
+            }
+        }
+        
         /// <summary>
         ///   查找类似 Only Check 的本地化字符串。
         /// </summary>

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Resx/ResUI.resx

@@ -399,6 +399,9 @@
   <data name="MsgServerTitle" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Filter, press Enter to execute</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="menuCheckAndUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Check and Update</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="menuCheckUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Check Update</value>
   </data>
@@ -1899,4 +1902,7 @@ The "Get Certificate" action may fail if a self-signed certificate is used or if
   <data name="TbSortingProcess" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Process</value>
   </data>
-</root>
+  <data name="menuAddMasqueServer" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Add [MASQUE]</value>
+  </data>
+</root>

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Resx/ResUI.ru.resx

@@ -399,8 +399,11 @@
   <data name="MsgServerTitle" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Фильтр, нажмите Enter для выполнения</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="menuCheckAndUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Проверить и обновить</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="menuCheckUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
-    <value>Обновить</value>
+    <value>Проверить обновления</value>
   </data>
   <data name="menuClose" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Закрыть</value>
@@ -1780,7 +1783,7 @@
     <value>Доступна новая версия {0}: {1}</value>
   </data>
   <data name="menuCheckOnly" xml:space="preserve">
-    <value>Проверить</value>
+    <value>Только проверить</value>
   </data>
   <data name="MsgNotSupport" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Не поддерживается</value>
@@ -1899,4 +1902,7 @@
   <data name="TbSortingProcess" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Процесс</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="menuAddMasqueServer" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Добавить сервер [MASQUE]</value>
+  </data>
 </root>

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Resx/ResUI.zh-Hans.resx

@@ -399,6 +399,9 @@
   <data name="MsgServerTitle" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>过滤器，按回车执行</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="menuCheckAndUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>检查并更新</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="menuCheckUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>检查更新</value>
   </data>
@@ -1891,4 +1894,7 @@
   <data name="TbSortingProcess" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>进程</value>
   </data>
-</root>
+  <data name="menuAddMasqueServer" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>添加 [MASQUE]</value>
+  </data>
+</root>

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Resx/ResUI.zh-Hant.resx

@@ -399,6 +399,9 @@
   <data name="MsgServerTitle" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>過濾器，按 Enter 執行</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="menuCheckAndUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>檢查並更新</value>
+  </data>
   <data name="menuCheckUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>檢查更新</value>
   </data>

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Sample/chrome_roots_pem

@@ -300,40 +300,6 @@ AAoACxGV2lZFA4gKn2fQ1XmxqI1AbQ3CekD6819kR5LLU7m7Wc5P/dAVUwHY3+vZ
 5nbv0CO7O6l5s9UCKc2Jo5YPSjXnTkLAdc0Hz+Ys63su
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 
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------END CERTIFICATE-----
-
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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@@ -732,20 +698,6 @@ LPAvTK33sefOT6jEm0pUBsV/fdUID+Ic/n4XuKxe9tQWskMJDE32p2u0mYRlynqI
 4uJEvlz36hz1
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 
------BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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------END CERTIFICATE-----
-
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 bmF0774BxL4YSFlhgjICICadVGNA3jdgUM/I2O2dgq43mLyjj0xMqTQrbO/7lZsm
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-TOlZ4iBgxcJlkoKM8xAfDoqXvneCbT+PHV28SSe9zE8P4c52hgQjxcCMElv924Sg
-JPFI/2R80L5cFtHvma3AH/vLrrw4IgYmZNralw4/KBVEqE8AyvCazM90arQ+POuV
-7LXTWtiBmelDGDfrs7vRWGJB82bSj6p4lVQgw1oudCvV0b4YacCs1aTPObpRhANl
-6WLAYv7YTVWW4tAR+kg0Eeye7QUd5MjWHYbL
------END CERTIFICATE-----
-
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIFzzCCA7egAwIBAgIUCBZfikyl7ADJk0DfxMauI7gcWqQwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
 BQAwbzELMAkGA1UEBhMCSEsxEjAQBgNVBAgTCUhvbmcgS29uZzESMBAGA1UEBxMJ
@@ -1189,31 +1109,6 @@ AHFiRSdLOkKEW39lt2c0Ui2cFmuqqNh7o0JMcccMyj6D5KbvtwEwXlGjefVwaaZB
 RA+GsCyRxj3qrg+E
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 
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------END CERTIFICATE-----
-
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
 MIIDtTCCAp2gAwIBAgIQdrEgUnTwhYdGs/gjGvbCwDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBt
 MQswCQYDVQQGEwJDSDEQMA4GA1UEChMHV0lTZUtleTEiMCAGA1UECxMZT0lTVEUg

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/CoreConfig/Singbox/SingboxInboundService.cs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
                 }
 
                 var tunInbound = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Inbound4Sbox>(EmbedUtils.GetEmbedText(Global.TunSingboxInboundFileName)) ?? new Inbound4Sbox { };
-                tunInbound.interface_name = context.IsMacOS ? $"utun{new Random().Next(99)}" : "singbox_tun";
+                tunInbound.interface_name = context.IsMacOS ? null : "singbox_tun";
                 tunInbound.mtu = _config.TunModeItem.Mtu;
                 tunInbound.auto_route = _config.TunModeItem.AutoRoute;
                 tunInbound.strict_route = _config.TunModeItem.StrictRoute;

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/CoreConfig/Singbox/SingboxOutboundService.cs

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
                 }
             }
 
-            if (_node.ConfigType == EConfigType.WireGuard)
+            if (_node.ConfigType is EConfigType.WireGuard or EConfigType.MASQUE)
             {
                 var endpoint = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Endpoints4Sbox>(txtOutbound);
                 FillEndpoint(endpoint);
@@ -350,13 +350,15 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
         {
             var protocolExtra = _node.GetProtocolExtra();
 
-            endpoint.address = Utils.String2List(protocolExtra.WgInterfaceAddress)?.Select(s => s.Trim()).ToList() ?? ["172.16.0.2/32"];
             endpoint.type = Global.ProtocolTypes[_node.ConfigType];
 
             switch (_node.ConfigType)
             {
                 case EConfigType.WireGuard:
                     {
+                        endpoint.server = null;
+                        endpoint.server_port = null;
+                        endpoint.address = Utils.String2List(protocolExtra.WgInterfaceAddress)?.Select(s => s.Trim()).ToList() ?? ["172.16.0.2/32"];
                         var peer = new Peer4Sbox
                         {
                             public_key = protocolExtra.WgPublicKey ?? string.Empty,
@@ -371,6 +373,28 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
                         endpoint.peers = [peer];
                         break;
                     }
+                case EConfigType.MASQUE:
+                    {
+                        endpoint.type = "masque-client";
+                        endpoint.server = _node.Address;
+                        endpoint.server_port = _node.Port;
+                        endpoint.username = _node.Username;
+                        endpoint.password = _node.Password;
+                        endpoint.path = protocolExtra?.MasquePath.NullIfEmpty();
+                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(protocolExtra?.MasqueHeaders))
+                        {
+                            var headers = Utils.ParseHeaders(protocolExtra.MasqueHeaders)
+                                .GroupBy(x => x.Item1, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                                .ToDictionary(
+                                    g => g.Key,
+                                    g => g.Select(x => x.Item2).ToList(),
+                                    StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+                                );
+                            endpoint.headers = headers.Count > 0 ? headers : null;
+                        }
+                        FillOutboundTls(endpoint);
+                        break;
+                    }
             }
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
@@ -402,7 +426,7 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
         }
     }
 
-    private void FillOutboundTls(Outbound4Sbox outbound)
+    private void FillOutboundTls(BaseServer4Sbox server)
     {
         try
         {
@@ -476,7 +500,7 @@ public partial class CoreConfigSingboxService
             {
                 tls.ech = ech;
             }
-            outbound.tls = tls;
+            server.tls = tls;
         }
         catch (Exception ex)
         {

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/CoreConfig/V2ray/V2rayInboundService.cs

@@ -67,12 +67,10 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
 
                 var address = _config.TunModeItem.IPv4Address.NullIfEmpty() ?? Global.TunIPv4Address.First();
                 tunInbound.settings.gateway = [address];
-                // Route both families into the tunnel regardless of EnableIPv6Address. That option only
+                // Without ::/0, IPv6 bypasses the tunnel. Skip it only when the host has no global IPv6
-                // controls whether the interface gets an IPv6 address; leaving ::/0 out of the routing
+                // address and EnableIPv6Address is off; NAT66 hosts have only ULA addresses.
-                // table makes IPv6 follow the system default route and bypass the tunnel entirely.
+                var routeIPv6 = _config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address || context.HasGlobalIPv6Address;
-                // A host without a global IPv6 address is the exception: it has nothing to leak,
+                tunInbound.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable = routeIPv6
-                // and IPv6 sent into the tunnel would have no way back out.
-                tunInbound.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable = context.HasGlobalIPv6Address
                     ? ["0.0.0.0/0", "::/0"]
                     : ["0.0.0.0/0"];
                 if (_config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address == true)
@@ -90,6 +88,15 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
                 // tunInbound.sniffing.routeOnly = inbound.sniffing.routeOnly;
                 tunInbound.sniffing.routeOnly = true;
 
+                if (context.IsWindows && _config.TunModeItem.StrictRoute == true)
+                {
+                    tunInbound.settings.autoSystemWfpBlockLeak = ["dns", "misconfigtun"];
+                }
+                if (context.IsLinux)
+                {
+                    tunInbound.settings.autoSystemDnsToGateway = true;
+                }
+
                 if (_config.TunModeItem.RouteExcludeAddress is { Count: > 0 })
                 {
                     var wholeInternet = IPNetwork2.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
@@ -99,7 +106,7 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
                         .Where(x => x != null).ToList();
 
                     var includeList = new List<IPNetwork2> { wholeInternet };
-                    var includeListV6 = context.HasGlobalIPv6Address
+                    var includeListV6 = routeIPv6
                         ? new List<IPNetwork2> { wholeInternetV6 }
                         : new List<IPNetwork2>();
 

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/CoreConfig/V2ray/V2rayOutboundService.cs

@@ -182,6 +182,12 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
                         outboundSettings.version = 2;
                         break;
                     }
+                case EConfigType.MASQUE:
+                    {
+                        outboundSettings.address = _node.Address;
+                        outboundSettings.port = _node.Port;
+                        break;
+                    }
                 case EConfigType.WireGuard:
                     {
                         var address = _node.Address;
@@ -257,8 +263,13 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
             {
                 network = "hysteria";
             }
+            else if (_node.ConfigType == EConfigType.MASQUE)
+            {
+                network = "masque";
+            }
             streamSettings.network = network;
             var transport = _node.GetTransportExtra();
+            var protocolExtra = _node.GetProtocolExtra();
             var host = string.Empty;
             var path = string.Empty;
             var kcpSeed = string.Empty;
@@ -502,7 +513,6 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
                     break;
 
                 case "hysteria":
-                    var protocolExtra = _node.GetProtocolExtra();
                     var ports = protocolExtra?.Ports;
                     int? upMbps = protocolExtra?.UpMbps is { } su and >= 0
                         ? su
@@ -574,6 +584,32 @@ public partial class CoreConfigV2rayService
                     streamSettings.finalmask = hy2Finalmask;
                     break;
 
+                case "masque":
+                    var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    var authValue = $"Basic {Utils.Base64Encode($"{_node.Username}:{_node.Password}")}";
+                    headers.Add("Authorization", authValue);
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(protocolExtra?.MasqueHeaders))
+                    {
+                        var userHeaders = Utils.ParseHeaders(protocolExtra.MasqueHeaders)
+                            .GroupBy(x => x.Item1, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                            .ToDictionary(
+                                g => g.Key,
+                                g => string.Join(", ", g.Select(x => x.Item2)),
+                                StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+                            );
+                        if (userHeaders.TryGetValue("Authorization", out var userAuthValue))
+                        {
+                            headers["Authorization"] = userAuthValue;
+                        }
+                        headers = userHeaders;
+                    }
+                    streamSettings.masqueSettings = new()
+                    {
+                        path = protocolExtra?.MasquePath.NullIfEmpty(),
+                        headers = headers.Count > 0 ? headers : null,
+                    };
+                    break;
+
                 default:
                     // raw
                     if (headerType == Global.RawHeaderHttp)

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/SpeedtestService.cs

@@ -587,6 +587,12 @@ public class SpeedtestService(Config config, Func<SpeedTestResult, Task> updateF
     private List<List<ServerTestItem>> GetTestBatchItem(List<ServerTestItem> lstSelected, int pageSize)
     {
         List<List<ServerTestItem>> lstTest = [];
+        if (lstSelected.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return lstTest;
+        }
+
+        pageSize = Math.Max(pageSize, 1);
         var lst1 = lstSelected.Where(t => t.CoreType == ECoreType.Xray).ToList();
         var lst2 = lstSelected.Where(t => t.CoreType == ECoreType.sing_box).ToList();
 

v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/UpdateService.cs

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public partial class UpdateService(Config config, Func<bool, string, Task> updat
         return await CheckUpdateAsync(downloadHandle, type, checkPreRelease, blProxy, cancellationToken);
     }
 
-    public async Task<List<string>> CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(bool preRelease, bool blProxy = true, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    public async Task<List<string>> CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(bool blProxy = true, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
     {
         var msgs = new List<string>();
         foreach (var type in CoreInfoManager.Instance.GetCheckUpdateCoreTypes())
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ public partial class UpdateService(Config config, Func<bool, string, Task> updat
                 continue;
             }
 
+            var preRelease = _config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes?.Contains(type.ToString()) ?? false;
             var result = await CheckHasUpdateOnly(type, preRelease, blProxy, cancellationToken);
             if (result.Success && result.Version != null)
             {

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/AddServerViewModel.cs

@@ -97,6 +97,12 @@ public partial class AddServerViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
     [Reactive]
     public partial int GeckoMaxPacketSize { get; set; }
 
+    [Reactive]
+    public partial string MasquePath { get; set; }
+
+    [Reactive]
+    public partial string MasqueHeaders { get; set; }
+
     [Reactive]
     public partial string RawHeaderType { get; set; }
 
@@ -322,6 +328,8 @@ public partial class AddServerViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
         Hy2RealmUrl = protocolExtra.Hy2RealmUrl ?? string.Empty;
         GeckoMinPacketSize = protocolExtra.GeckoMinPacketSize.ToInt();
         GeckoMaxPacketSize = protocolExtra.GeckoMaxPacketSize.ToInt();
+        MasquePath = protocolExtra.MasquePath ?? string.Empty;
+        MasqueHeaders = protocolExtra.MasqueHeaders ?? string.Empty;
 
         RawHeaderType = transport.RawHeaderType ?? Global.None;
         Host = transport.Host ?? string.Empty;
@@ -443,6 +451,8 @@ public partial class AddServerViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
             Hy2RealmUrl = realm?.ToUri().NullIfEmpty(),
             GeckoMinPacketSize = GeckoMinPacketSize > 0 ? GeckoMinPacketSize.ToString() : null,
             GeckoMaxPacketSize = GeckoMaxPacketSize > 0 ? GeckoMaxPacketSize.ToString() : null,
+            MasquePath = MasquePath.NullIfEmpty(),
+            MasqueHeaders = MasqueHeaders.NullIfEmpty(),
         });
         SelectedSource.SetTransportExtra(transport);
 

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/CheckUpdateViewModel.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
     public BulkObservableCollection<CheckUpdateModel> CheckUpdateModels { get; } = [];
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> CheckUpdateCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> CheckOnlyCmd { get; }
-    [Reactive] public partial bool EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate { get; set; }
+
     [Reactive] public partial bool EnableUpdateViaProxy { get; set; }
 
     public CheckUpdateViewModel()
@@ -33,12 +33,8 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
             _ = UpdateView(_v2rayN, ex.Message);
         });
 
-        EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate = _config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate;
         EnableUpdateViaProxy = _config.CheckUpdateItem.UpdateViaProxy;
 
-        this.WhenAnyValue(x => x.EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate)
-            .SubscribeAsync(async _ => await OnCheckPreReleaseUpdateChanged());
-
         this.WhenAnyValue(x => x.EnableUpdateViaProxy)
             .Subscribe(c => _ = OnUpdateViaProxyChanged());
 
@@ -73,6 +69,8 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
             return new()
             {
                 IsSelected = false,
+                IsCheckPreRelease = false,
+                ShowCheckPreRelease = false,
                 CoreType = coreType,
                 IsGeoFile = false,
                 Remarks = ResUI.menuCheckUpdate + $" ({ResUI.MsgNotSupport})",
@@ -83,6 +81,8 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         return new()
         {
             IsSelected = _config.CheckUpdateItem.SelectedCoreTypes?.Contains(coreType.ToString()) ?? true,
+            IsCheckPreRelease = _config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes?.Contains(coreType.ToString()) ?? false,
+            ShowCheckPreRelease = CoreInfoManager.Instance.GetCheckPreRelease(coreType, true),
             CoreType = coreType,
             IsGeoFile = false,
             Remarks = lastResult ?? ResUI.menuCheckUpdate,
@@ -94,22 +94,14 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         return new()
         {
             IsSelected = _config.CheckUpdateItem.SelectedCoreTypes?.Contains(_geo) ?? true,
+            IsCheckPreRelease = false,
+            ShowCheckPreRelease = false,
             CoreType = null,
             IsGeoFile = true,
             Remarks = ResUI.menuCheckUpdate,
         };
     }
 
-    private async Task OnCheckPreReleaseUpdateChanged()
-    {
-        if (_config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate == EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-        _config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate = EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate;
-        await SaveSelectedCoreTypes();
-    }
-
     private async Task OnUpdateViaProxyChanged()
     {
         if (_config.CheckUpdateItem.UpdateViaProxy == EnableUpdateViaProxy)
@@ -127,6 +119,11 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
                             .Select(t => t.CoreTypeForStorage)
                             .ToList();
 
+        _config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes =
+           CheckUpdateModels.Where(t => t.IsCheckPreRelease == true)
+                           .Select(t => t.CoreTypeForStorage)
+                           .ToList();
+
         await ConfigHandler.SaveConfig(_config);
     }
 
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
             }
 
             var updateService = new UpdateService(_config, async (success, msg) => await Task.CompletedTask);
-            var result = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnly(item.CoreType.Value, EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate, EnableUpdateViaProxy);
+            var result = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnly(item.CoreType.Value, item.IsCheckPreRelease, EnableUpdateViaProxy);
             if (result.Success && result.Version != null)
             {
                 await UpdateView(item.CoreType, string.Format(ResUI.MsgCheckUpdateHasNewVersion, item.CoreType, result.Version));
@@ -213,15 +210,11 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateViewModel : MyReactiveObject
                     await UpdateView(_v2rayN, ResUI.MsgNotSupport);
                     continue;
                 }
-                await CheckUpdateN(EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate);
+                await CheckUpdateN(item.IsCheckPreRelease);
-            }
-            else if (item.CoreType is ECoreType.Xray or ECoreType.sing_box)
-            {
-                await CheckUpdateCore(item, EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate);
             }
             else if (item.CoreType.HasValue)
             {
-                await CheckUpdateCore(item, false);
+                await CheckUpdateCore(item, item.IsCheckPreRelease);
             }
         }
 

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/ClashProxiesViewModel.cs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ namespace ServiceLib.ViewModels;
 
 public partial class ClashProxiesViewModel : MyReactiveObject
 {
-    private readonly int _delayTimeout = 99999999;
+    private const int _delayTimeout = 99999999;
     private ClashItem _clashItem = new();
 
     public ClashProxiesViewModel()
@@ -235,6 +235,11 @@ public partial class ClashProxiesViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         {
             return;
         }
+        var dicCurrentDetails = new Dictionary<string, ClashProxyModel>();
+        foreach (var item in ProxyDetails)
+        {
+            dicCurrentDetails.TryAdd(item.Name, item);
+        }
         var lstDetails = new List<ClashProxyModel>();
         foreach (var item in proxy.all)
         {
@@ -243,15 +248,29 @@ public partial class ClashProxiesViewModel : MyReactiveObject
             {
                 continue;
             }
-            var delay = proxy2.history?.Count > 0 ? proxy2.history.Last().delay : -1;
+            var delay = -1;
+            var hasData = false;
+
+            if (proxy2.history is { Count: > 0 })
+            {
+                delay = proxy2.history.Last().delay;
+                hasData = true;
+            }
+            else if (dicCurrentDetails.TryGetValue(item, out var detail))
+            {
+                delay = detail.Delay;
+                hasData = true;
+            }
+
+            var isValidDelay = delay is > 0 and not _delayTimeout;
 
             lstDetails.Add(new ClashProxyModel
             {
                 IsActive = item == proxy.now,
                 Name = item,
                 Type = proxy2.type,
-                Delay = delay <= 0 ? _delayTimeout : delay,
+                Delay = isValidDelay ? delay : _delayTimeout,
-                DelayName = delay <= 0 ? string.Empty : $"{delay}ms",
+                DelayName = !hasData ? string.Empty : (isValidDelay ? $"{delay}ms" : "-1"),
             });
         }
         // sort
@@ -362,8 +381,9 @@ public partial class ClashProxiesViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         {
             return;
         }
-        detail.Delay = Convert.ToInt32(result.Delay);
+        var isValid = int.TryParse(result.Delay, out var delay) && delay > 0 && delay != _delayTimeout;
-        detail.DelayName = $"{detail.Delay}ms";
+        detail.Delay = isValid ? delay : _delayTimeout;
+        detail.DelayName = isValid ? $"{delay}ms" : "-1";
         await Task.CompletedTask;
     }
 

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/MainWindowViewModel.cs

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public partial class MainWindowViewModel : MyReactiveObject
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddWireguardServerCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddAnytlsServerCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddNaiveServerCmd { get; }
+    public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddMasqueServerCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddCustomServerCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddCustomOutboundServerCmd { get; }
     public ReactiveCommand<RxVoid, RxVoid> AddPolicyGroupServerCmd { get; }
@@ -140,6 +141,10 @@ public partial class MainWindowViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         {
             await AddServerAsync(EConfigType.Naive);
         });
+        AddMasqueServerCmd = ReactiveCommand.CreateFromTask(async () =>
+        {
+            await AddServerAsync(EConfigType.MASQUE);
+        });
         AddCustomServerCmd = ReactiveCommand.CreateFromTask(async () =>
         {
             await AddServerAsync(EConfigType.Custom);
@@ -522,7 +527,7 @@ public partial class MainWindowViewModel : MyReactiveObject
     public async Task AddServerViaImageAsync()
     {
         var imageFileName = await BrowseImageFileInteraction.HandleSafe(RxVoid.Default);
-        await AddScanResultAsync(imageFileName);
+        await ScanImageResult(imageFileName);
     }
 
     public async Task ScanImageResult(string fileName)

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/OptionSettingViewModel.cs

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ public partial class OptionSettingViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
     [Reactive] public partial string CoreType6 { get; set; }
     [Reactive] public partial string CoreType7 { get; set; }
     [Reactive] public partial string CoreType9 { get; set; }
+    [Reactive] public partial string CoreType14 { get; set; }
 
     #endregion CoreType
 
@@ -283,6 +284,10 @@ public partial class OptionSettingViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
                 case 9:
                     CoreType9 = type;
                     break;
+
+                case 14:
+                    CoreType14 = type;
+                    break;
             }
         });
         await Task.CompletedTask;
@@ -451,6 +456,10 @@ public partial class OptionSettingViewModel : MyReactiveObject, ICloseable
                     type = CoreType9;
                     break;
 
+                case 14:
+                    type = CoreType14;
+                    break;
+
                 default:
                     continue;
             }

v2rayN/ServiceLib/ViewModels/StatusBarViewModel.cs

@@ -219,7 +219,8 @@ public partial class StatusBarViewModel : MyReactiveObject
         await ConfigHandler.InitBuiltinRouting(_config);
         await RefreshRoutingsMenu();
         await InboundDisplayStatus();
-        await ChangeSystemProxyAsync(_config.SystemProxyItem.SysProxyType, true);
+        // The view refreshes its icon on initialization; interaction handlers are not registered yet.
+        await ChangeSystemProxyAsync(_config.SystemProxyItem.SysProxyType, false);
 
         BlRouting = true;
     }

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/AddGroupServerWindow.axaml

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/AddServer2Window.axaml

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/AddServerWindow.axaml

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />
@@ -783,6 +783,70 @@
                         HorizontalAlignment="Left" />
                 </Grid>
 
+
+                <Grid
+                    x:Name="gridMasque"
+                    Grid.Row="2"
+                    ColumnDefinitions="300,Auto"
+                    IsVisible="False"
+                    RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
+                    <TextBlock
+                        Grid.Row="1"
+                        Grid.Column="0"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbUsername}" />
+                    <TextBox
+                        x:Name="txtId14"
+                        Grid.Row="1"
+                        Grid.Column="1"
+                        Width="400"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" />
+
+                    <TextBlock
+                        Grid.Row="2"
+                        Grid.Column="0"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbId3}" />
+                    <TextBox
+                        x:Name="txtSecurity14"
+                        Grid.Row="2"
+                        Grid.Column="1"
+                        Width="400"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" />
+
+                    <TextBlock
+                        Grid.Row="3"
+                        Grid.Column="0"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbPath}" />
+                    <TextBox
+                        x:Name="txtPath14"
+                        Grid.Row="3"
+                        Grid.Column="1"
+                        Width="400"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" />
+
+                    <TextBlock
+                        Grid.Row="4"
+                        Grid.Column="0"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbHttpOutboundHeaders}" />
+                    <TextBox
+                        x:Name="txtHttpHeaders14"
+                        Grid.Row="4"
+                        Grid.Column="1"
+                        Width="400"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        AcceptsReturn="True"
+                        Classes="TextArea"
+                        PlaceholderText="Header: Value"
+                        TextWrapping="NoWrap" />
+                </Grid>
+
                 <Separator
                     x:Name="sepa2"
                     Grid.Row="3"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/AddServerWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -141,6 +141,13 @@ public partial class AddServerWindow : WindowBase<AddServerViewModel>
                             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.InsecureConcurrency, v => v.txtInsecureConcurrency12.Text).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
                             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.Uot, v => v.togUotEnabled12.IsChecked).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
                             break;
+
+                        case EConfigType.MASQUE:
+                            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.SelectedSource.Username, v => v.txtId14.Text).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
+                            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.SelectedSource.Password, v => v.txtSecurity14.Text).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
+                            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.MasquePath, v => v.txtPath14.Text).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
+                            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.MasqueHeaders, v => v.txtHttpHeaders14.Text).DisposeWith(currentTypeDisposables);
+                            break;
                     }
                 })
                 .DisposeWith(disposables);
@@ -194,7 +201,6 @@ public partial class AddServerWindow : WindowBase<AddServerViewModel>
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.FetchCertChainCmd, v => v.btnFetchCertChain).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.SaveCmd, v => v.btnSave).DisposeWith(disposables);
         });
-
     }
 
     private void InitializeData(ProfileItem profileItem)
@@ -284,6 +290,14 @@ public partial class AddServerWindow : WindowBase<AddServerViewModel>
 
                 cmbCongestionControl12.ItemsSource = Global.NaiveCongestionControls;
                 break;
+
+            case EConfigType.MASQUE:
+                gridMasque.IsVisible = true;
+                sepa2.IsVisible = false;
+                gridTransport.IsVisible = false;
+                cmbFingerprint.IsEnabled = false;
+                cmbAlpn.IsEnabled = false;
+                break;
         }
         cmbStreamSecurity.ItemsSource = lstStreamSecurity;
         cmbStreamSecurity.SelectedItem = profileItem.StreamSecurity;

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/BackupAndRestoreView.axaml

@@ -24,16 +24,23 @@
                 HorizontalAlignment="Left" />
         </StackPanel>
 
-        <StackPanel>
+        <StackPanel Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
             <Border
                 Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                 VerticalAlignment="Center"
                 Theme="{DynamicResource CardBorder}">
 
-                <Grid
+                <Grid Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
-                    Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
-                    ColumnDefinitions="300,200"
+                        <ColumnDefinition
-                    RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
+                            Width="Auto"
+                            MinWidth="300"
+                            SharedSizeGroup="BackupLabel" />
+                        <ColumnDefinition
+                            Width="Auto"
+                            MinWidth="200"
+                            SharedSizeGroup="BackupButton" />
+                    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                     <TextBlock
                         Grid.Row="0"
                         Grid.Column="0"
@@ -79,10 +86,17 @@
                 Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                 VerticalAlignment="Center"
                 Theme="{DynamicResource CardBorder}">
-                <Grid
+                <Grid Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
-                    Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
-                    ColumnDefinitions="300,200"
+                        <ColumnDefinition
-                    RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
+                            Width="Auto"
+                            MinWidth="300"
+                            SharedSizeGroup="BackupLabel" />
+                        <ColumnDefinition
+                            Width="Auto"
+                            MinWidth="200"
+                            SharedSizeGroup="BackupButton" />
+                    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                     <StackPanel
                         Grid.Row="0"
                         Grid.Column="0"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/CheckUpdateView.axaml

@@ -35,27 +35,17 @@
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                     HorizontalAlignment="Left" />
 
-                <TextBlock
-                    Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
-                    HorizontalAlignment="Left"
-                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                    Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbSettingsEnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate}" />
-                <ToggleSwitch
-                    x:Name="togEnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate"
-                    Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
-                    HorizontalAlignment="Left" />
-
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnCheckOnly"
-                    Width="100"
+                    MinWidth="100"
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                     Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuCheckOnly}" />
 
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnCheckUpdate"
-                    Width="100"
+                    MinWidth="100"
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
-                    Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuCheckUpdate}" />
+                    Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuCheckAndUpdate}" />
             </StackPanel>
         </Border>
 
@@ -75,8 +65,8 @@
                 </ItemsControl.ItemsPanel>
                 <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
                     <DataTemplate>
-                        <Panel Width="500" VerticalAlignment="Center">
+                        <Panel Width="680" VerticalAlignment="Center">
-                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="1*,1*,3*" RowDefinitions="Auto">
+                            <Grid ColumnDefinitions="1*,3*,1*,3*" RowDefinitions="Auto">
                                 <ToggleSwitch
                                     x:Name="togAutoRefresh"
                                     Grid.Column="0"
@@ -84,13 +74,32 @@
                                     HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                                     VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                     IsChecked="{Binding IsSelected}" />
-                                <TextBlock
+
+                                <DockPanel
                                     Grid.Column="1"
+                                    Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr4}"
+                                    IsVisible="{Binding ShowCheckPreRelease}">
+                                    <ToggleSwitch
+                                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                                        HorizontalAlignment="Left"
+                                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                        IsChecked="{Binding IsCheckPreRelease}"
+                                        OffContent=""
+                                        OnContent="" />
+                                    <TextBlock
+                                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbSettingsEnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate}"
+                                        TextWrapping="Wrap" />
+                                </DockPanel>
+
+                                <TextBlock
+                                    Grid.Column="2"
                                     HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                                     VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                     Text="{Binding CoreTypeForStorage}" />
                                 <TextBlock
-                                    Grid.Column="2"
+                                    Grid.Column="3"
                                     HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                                     VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                     Text="{Binding Remarks}"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/CheckUpdateView.axaml.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ public partial class CheckUpdateView : ReactiveUserControl<CheckUpdateViewModel>
         {
             this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.CheckUpdateModels, v => v.lstCheckUpdates.ItemsSource).DisposeWith(disposables);
 
-            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.EnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate, v => v.togEnableCheckPreReleaseUpdate.IsChecked).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.EnableUpdateViaProxy, v => v.togEnableUpdateViaProxy.IsChecked).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.CheckOnlyCmd, v => v.btnCheckOnly).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.CheckUpdateCmd, v => v.btnCheckUpdate).DisposeWith(disposables);

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/DNSSettingWindow.axaml

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/FullConfigTemplateWindow.axaml

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/GlobalHotkeySettingWindow.axaml

@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnReset"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbReset}" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml

@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@
     ShowInTaskbar="True"
     WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen"
     mc:Ignorable="d">
+    <Window.Styles>
+        <!-- Keep the log selected; hide only the strip when it has no other tabs. -->
+        <Style Selector="TabControl.logPane /template/ ItemsPresenter#PART_ItemsPresenter">
+            <Setter Property="IsVisible" Value="{Binding ShowClashUI}" />
+        </Style>
+        <Style Selector="TabControl.logPane /template/ Border#PART_BorderSeparator">
+            <Setter Property="IsVisible" Value="{Binding ShowClashUI}" />
+        </Style>
+    </Window.Styles>
     <dialogHost:DialogHost CloseOnClickAway="True" DisableOpeningAnimation="True">
         <DockPanel>
             <DockPanel Margin="{StaticResource Margin8}" DockPanel.Dock="Top">
@@ -45,6 +54,7 @@
                         <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddTrojanServer" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddTrojanServer}" />
                         <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddHysteria2Server" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddHysteria2Server}" />
                         <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddWireguardServer" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddWireguardServer}" />
+                        <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddMasqueServer" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddMasqueServer}" />
                         <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddSocksServer" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddSocksServer}" />
                         <MenuItem x:Name="menuAddHttpServer" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.menuAddHttpServer}" />
                         <Separator />
@@ -123,6 +133,7 @@
                     <TabControl
                         x:Name="tabMain"
                         Grid.Column="2"
+                        Classes="logPane"
                         HorizontalContentAlignment="Left">
                         <TabItem x:Name="tabMsgView" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgInformationTitle}" />
                         <TabItem x:Name="tabClashProxies" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbProxies}" />
@@ -138,6 +149,7 @@
                     <TabControl
                         x:Name="tabMain1"
                         Grid.Row="2"
+                        Classes="logPane"
                         TabStripPlacement="Left">
                         <TabItem x:Name="tabMsgView1" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgInformationTitle}" />
                         <TabItem x:Name="tabClashProxies1" Header="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbProxies}" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/MainWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public partial class MainWindow : WindowBase<MainWindowViewModel>
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddWireguardServerCmd, v => v.menuAddWireguardServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddAnytlsServerCmd, v => v.menuAddAnytlsServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddNaiveServerCmd, v => v.menuAddNaiveServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
+            this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddMasqueServerCmd, v => v.menuAddMasqueServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddCustomServerCmd, v => v.menuAddCustomServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddCustomOutboundServerCmd, v => v.menuAddCustomOutboundServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.AddPolicyGroupServerCmd, v => v.menuAddPolicyGroupServer).DisposeWith(disposables);
@@ -418,7 +419,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : WindowBase<MainWindowViewModel>
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.MsgViewModel, v => v.tabMsgView.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ClashProxiesViewModel, v => v.tabClashProxies.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ClashConnectionsViewModel, v => v.tabClashConnections.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
-                this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabMsgView.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabClashProxies.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabClashConnections.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.TabMainSelectedIndex, v => v.tabMain.SelectedIndex).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
@@ -429,7 +429,6 @@ public partial class MainWindow : WindowBase<MainWindowViewModel>
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.MsgViewModel, v => v.tabMsgView1.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ClashProxiesViewModel, v => v.tabClashProxies1.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ClashConnectionsViewModel, v => v.tabClashConnections1.Content).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
-                this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabMsgView1.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabClashProxies1.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.OneWayBind(ViewModel, vm => vm.ShowClashUI, v => v.tabClashConnections1.IsVisible).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);
                 this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.TabMainSelectedIndex, v => v.tabMain1.SelectedIndex).DisposeWith(currentLayoutDisposables);

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/MsgView.axaml

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
                 Width="200"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
-                PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgFilterTitle}" />
+                PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgFilterTitle}"
+                ToolTip.Tip="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgFilterTitle}" />
 
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCopy"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/MsgView.axaml.cs

@@ -47,9 +47,14 @@ public partial class MsgView : ReactiveUserControl<MsgViewModel>
         if (togScrollToEnd.IsChecked ?? true)
         {
             txtMsg.ScrollToEnd();
-            Dispatcher.UIThread.Invoke(() =>
+            // Let layout finish without a nested dispatcher loop during a native window drag.
-                    txtMsg.ScrollTo(txtMsg.LineCount, 0, AvaloniaEdit.Rendering.VisualYPosition.TextBottom, txtMsg.Bounds.Height, 0),
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
-                DispatcherPriority.Background);
+            {
+                if (togScrollToEnd.IsChecked ?? true)
+                {
+                    txtMsg.ScrollTo(txtMsg.LineCount, 0, AvaloniaEdit.Rendering.VisualYPosition.TextBottom, txtMsg.Bounds.Height, 0);
+                }
+            }, DispatcherPriority.Background);
         }
     }
 

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/OptionSettingWindow.axaml

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@
                 <Grid
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                     ColumnDefinitions="Auto,Auto"
-                    RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
+                    RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto,Auto">
                     <TextBlock
                         Grid.Row="1"
                         Grid.Column="0"
@@ -1296,6 +1296,19 @@
                         Grid.Column="1"
                         Width="200"
                         Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" />
+
+                    <TextBlock
+                        Grid.Row="9"
+                        Grid.Column="0"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
+                        VerticalAlignment="Center"
+                        Text="MASQUE" />
+                    <ComboBox
+                        x:Name="cmbCoreType14"
+                        Grid.Row="9"
+                        Grid.Column="1"
+                        Width="200"
+                        Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}" />
                 </Grid>
             </TabItem>
         </TabControl>

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/OptionSettingWindow.axaml.cs

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ public partial class OptionSettingWindow : WindowBase<OptionSettingViewModel>
         cmbCoreType6.ItemsSource = Global.CoreTypes;
         cmbCoreType7.ItemsSource = Global.CoreTypes;
         cmbCoreType9.ItemsSource = Global.CoreTypes;
+        cmbCoreType14.ItemsSource = Global.CoreTypes;
 
         cmbMixedConcurrencyCount.ItemsSource = Enumerable.Range(Global.SpeedTestConcurrencyCountMin, 20).ToList();
         cmbSpeedTestTimeout.ItemsSource = Enumerable.Range(2, 5).Select(i => i * 5).ToList();
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ public partial class OptionSettingWindow : WindowBase<OptionSettingViewModel>
             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.CoreType6, v => v.cmbCoreType6.SelectedValue).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.CoreType7, v => v.cmbCoreType7.SelectedValue).DisposeWith(disposables);
             this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.CoreType9, v => v.cmbCoreType9.SelectedValue).DisposeWith(disposables);
+            this.Bind(ViewModel, vm => vm.CoreType14, v => v.cmbCoreType14.SelectedValue).DisposeWith(disposables);
 
             this.BindCommand(ViewModel, vm => vm.SaveCmd, v => v.btnSave).DisposeWith(disposables);
         });

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/ProfilesSelectWindow.axaml

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@
                         Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr4}"
                         VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
                         Text="{Binding ServerFilter, Mode=TwoWay}"
-                        PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}" />
+                        PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}"
+                        ToolTip.Tip="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}" />
                 </WrapPanel>
 
                 <!--  Profiles grid  -->

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/ProfilesView.axaml

@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
                         Width="200"
                         Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr4}"
                         VerticalContentAlignment="Center"
-                        PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}" />
+                        PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}"
+                        ToolTip.Tip="{x:Static resx:ResUI.MsgServerTitle}" />
 
                     <Button
                         x:Name="btnAutofitColumnWidth"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/ProfilesView.axaml.cs

@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ public partial class ProfilesView : ReactiveUserControl<ProfilesViewModel>
 
     private static readonly DataFormat<ProfileItemModel> LstProfilesRowFormat =
         DataFormat.CreateInProcessFormat<ProfileItemModel>("LstProfilesRow");
+
     private (Point, PointerPressedEventArgs)? _dragStartPoint;
 
     private void LstProfiles_PointerPressed(object? sender, PointerPressedEventArgs e)

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/RoutingRuleDetailsWindow.axaml

@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@
             </StackPanel>
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/RoutingRuleSettingWindow.axaml

@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/SubEditWindow.axaml

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
             Orientation="Horizontal">
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnSave"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                 IsDefault="True" />
             <Button
                 x:Name="btnCancel"
-                Width="100"
+                MinWidth="100"
                 Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                 Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                 IsCancel="True" />
@@ -136,7 +136,8 @@
                         Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                         HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                         VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvAutoUpdateInterval}" />
+                        Text="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvAutoUpdateInterval}"
+                        TextWrapping="Wrap" />
                 </DockPanel>
 
                 <TextBlock
@@ -230,7 +231,8 @@
                     Grid.Column="1"
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                     VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                    PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}" />
+                    PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}"
+                    ToolTip.Tip="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}" />
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnSelectPrevProfile"
                     Grid.Row="10"
@@ -250,7 +252,8 @@
                     Grid.Column="1"
                     Margin="{StaticResource Margin4}"
                     VerticalAlignment="Center"
-                    PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}" />
+                    PlaceholderText="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}"
+                    ToolTip.Tip="{x:Static resx:ResUI.LvPrevProfileTip}" />
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnSelectNextProfile"
                     Grid.Row="11"

v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/Views/SudoPasswordInputView.axaml

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@
                 Orientation="Horizontal">
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnSave"
-                    Width="100"
+                    MinWidth="100"
                     Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbConfirm}"
                     IsDefault="True" />
                 <Button
                     x:Name="btnCancel"
-                    Width="100"
+                    MinWidth="100"
                     Margin="{StaticResource MarginLr8}"
                     Content="{x:Static resx:ResUI.TbCancel}"
                     IsCancel="True" />

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/.NET/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*
+!.gitignore

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# v2rayN.WebAPI environment example
+#
+# Copy this file to .env before starting:
+#
+#   cp .env.example .env
+#   ./v2rayN.WebAPI
+#
+# Native local installs may leave V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY empty ONLY with loopback
+# listeners (127.0.0.1, localhost, [::1]) and complete setup in a local browser.
+# LAN/NAS/headless/systemd/container deployments must preconfigure a non-empty Key.
+# Any non-loopback listener requires this environment Key, even after local setup.
+
+V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY=
+
+# Optional exact browser/client origins. Empty/unset denies cross-origin API access.
+# Origin = scheme + host + port, never a path, query, fragment or wildcard.
+# V2RAYN_WEB_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://client.example.com,http://localhost:5173
+
+# Web management interface. The default listens only on loopback.
+# Set V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY before changing this to http://0.0.0.0:5080 for LAN access.
+ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://127.0.0.1:5080
+
+# Start the selected Core automatically after authentication setup.
+V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true
+
+# Optional proxy listener port.
+# V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_PORT=10808
+
+# Allow proxy clients outside localhost.
+# V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_LISTEN_ALL=false
+
+# Optional writable data directory.
+# V2RAYN_DATA_HOME=/path/to/v2rayn-data

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/.packages/
+/.NET/*
+!/.NET/.gitignore
+/TestResults/
+.env
+/bin/
+/obj/
+/publish/
+/core-bin/
+/Tests/bin/
+/Tests/obj/
+/Tests/TestResults/

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Adapters/HeadlessWindowDialog.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+using ServiceLib.Base;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Adapters;
+
+public sealed class HeadlessWindowDialog : IWindowDialog
+{
+    public Task<bool> ShowDialogAsync<TViewModel>(TViewModel vm)
+        where TViewModel : class => Task.FromResult(false);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/ApiReplies.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+public static class ApiReplies
+{
+    public static IResult Ok<T>(T data, string messageKey = ApiMessageKeys.CommonLoaded) =>
+        Results.Ok(ApiEnvelope<T>.Ok(data, messageKey));
+
+    public static IResult Operation(
+        OperationView result,
+        int successStatus = StatusCodes.Status200OK,
+        int failureStatus = StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest) =>
+        Results.Json(result, statusCode: result.Success ? successStatus : failureStatus);
+
+    public static IResult NotFound(string code, string messageKey) =>
+        Results.Json(ApiEnvelope<object>.Fail(code, messageKey), statusCode: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound);
+
+    public static IResult Conflict(string code, string messageKey, object? data = null) =>
+        Results.Json(ApiEnvelope<object>.Fail(code, messageKey, data), statusCode: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/DeleteAfterFileResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+public sealed class DeleteAfterFileResult(string filePath) : IResult
+{
+    public async Task ExecuteAsync(HttpContext httpContext)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            await using var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
+            await Results.File(stream, "application/zip", Path.GetFileName(filePath), enableRangeProcessing: false)
+                .ExecuteAsync(httpContext);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                File.Delete(filePath);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/WebApiEndpoints.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+using ServiceLib.Enums;
+using ServiceLib.Models.Entities;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Security;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Services;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+public static class WebApiEndpoints
+{
+    private static readonly System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerOptions SseJsonOptions =
+        new(System.Text.Json.JsonSerializerDefaults.Web);
+
+    internal static string SerializeEventData(object? data) => data is null
+        ? "null"
+        : System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(data, data.GetType(), SseJsonOptions);
+
+    public static void MapWebApi(this WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/health", (HttpContext context, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            Results.Ok(WebHealthEndpoint.CreateResponse(context, runtime)));
+        app.MapGet("/api/status", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetStatusAsync(), "status.loaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/operations", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetRunningOperationsAsync(), "operations.loaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/logs", (int? limit, string? filter, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetRecentLogs(limit ?? 200, filter), "logs.loaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/logs/page", (int? page, int? pageSize, string? filter, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetRecentLogsPage(page ?? 1, pageSize ?? 100, filter), "logs.loaded"));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/logs", (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var generation = runtime.ClearLogs();
+            return ApiReplies.Ok(new { cleared = true, generation }, "logs.cleared");
+        });
+
+        MapSubscriptions(app);
+        MapProfiles(app);
+        MapSettings(app);
+        app.MapGet("/api/editor-options", () => ApiReplies.Ok(V2rayRuntime.GetEditorOptions(), ApiMessageKeys.CommonLoaded));
+        MapCore(app);
+        MapEvents(app);
+    }
+
+    private static void MapSubscriptions(WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/subscriptions", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetSubscriptionsAsync(), "subscriptions.loaded"));
+        app.MapPost("/api/subscriptions", async (SubscriptionInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var result = await runtime.AddSubscriptionAsync(input);
+            return result.Success
+                ? Results.Created($"/api/subscriptions/{result.Data!.Id}", result)
+                : Results.BadRequest(result);
+        });
+        app.MapPut("/api/subscriptions/{id}", async (string id, SubscriptionInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var result = await runtime.UpdateSubscriptionAsync(id, input);
+            return result.Success ? Results.Ok(result) : Results.BadRequest(result);
+        });
+        app.MapDelete("/api/subscriptions/{id}", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var result = await runtime.DeleteSubscriptionAsync(id);
+            return ApiReplies.Operation(result, failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound);
+        });
+        app.MapGet("/api/subscriptions/{id}/share", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var url = await runtime.GetSubscriptionShareAsync(id);
+            return url is null
+                ? ApiReplies.NotFound("subscription_not_found", ApiMessageKeys.SubscriptionNotFound)
+                : ApiReplies.Ok(new { id, url }, "subscriptions.shareLoaded");
+        });
+        app.MapPost("/api/subscriptions/update", (SubscriptionUpdateRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            runtime.StartSubscriptionUpdate(request.SubscriptionId ?? string.Empty, request.UseProxy)
+                ? Results.Accepted("/api/operations", OperationView.Ok(ApiMessageKeys.SubscriptionUpdateStarted,
+                    new { subscriptionId = request.SubscriptionId, useProxy = request.UseProxy }))
+                : ApiReplies.Operation(OperationView.Fail("subscription_update_busy", ApiMessageKeys.SubscriptionUpdateBusy), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapPost("/api/subscriptions/{id}/update", (string id, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            runtime.StartSubscriptionUpdate(id, useProxy ?? false)
+                ? Results.Accepted($"/api/subscriptions/{id}", OperationView.Ok(ApiMessageKeys.SubscriptionUpdateStarted,
+                    new { subscriptionId = id, useProxy = useProxy ?? false }))
+                : ApiReplies.Operation(OperationView.Fail("subscription_update_busy", ApiMessageKeys.SubscriptionUpdateBusy), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+    }
+
+    private static void MapProfiles(WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/profile-groups", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetProfileGroupsAsync(), "profiles.groupsLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/profile-groups/current", async (ProfileGroupSelectionRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SelectProfileGroupAsync(request.SubscriptionId), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profile-groups/generate/all", async (string? subscriptionId, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.GenerateProfileGroupsAsync(subscriptionId, false)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profile-groups/generate/regions", async (string? subscriptionId, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.GenerateProfileGroupsAsync(subscriptionId, true)));
+
+        app.MapGet("/api/profiles", async (string? subscriptionId, string? filter, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetProfilesAsync(subscriptionId, filter), "profiles.loaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/profiles/{id}", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var profile = await runtime.GetProfileDetailsAsync(id);
+            return profile is null
+                ? ApiReplies.NotFound("profile_not_found", ApiMessageKeys.ProfileNotFound)
+                : ApiReplies.Ok(profile, ApiMessageKeys.ProfileDetailLoaded);
+        });
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/import", async (ProfileImportRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ImportProfilesAsync(request)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles", async (ProfileItem profile, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveProfileAsync(profile)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/profiles/{id}", async (string id, ProfileItem profile, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var result = await runtime.SaveProfileAsync(profile, id);
+            return ApiReplies.Operation(result,
+                failureStatus: result.Code == "profile_not_found" ? StatusCodes.Status404NotFound : StatusCodes.Status400BadRequest);
+        });
+        app.MapDelete("/api/profiles", async ([FromBody] ProfileIdsRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.DeleteProfilesAsync(request.ProfileIds)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/copy", async (ProfileIdsRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.CopyProfilesAsync(request.ProfileIds)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/move-to-group", async (MoveProfilesRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.MoveProfilesToGroupAsync(request)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/move", async (MoveProfileRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.MoveProfileAsync(request)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/sort", async (SortProfilesRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SortProfilesAsync(request)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/deduplicate", async (string? subscriptionId, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.RemoveDuplicateProfilesAsync(subscriptionId)));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/profiles/invalid-test-results", async (string? subscriptionId, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.RemoveInvalidProfilesAsync(subscriptionId)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/export", async (ProfileExportRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.ExportProfileDataAsync(request), "profiles.exportReady"));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/{id}/select", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SelectProfileAsync(id, cancellationToken), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapPost("/api/profiles/{id}/latency", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.StartLatencyTestAsync(id), successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted));
+        app.MapPost("/api/speedtests", async (SpeedTestRequest request, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.StartSpeedTestAsync(request, cancellationToken), successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/speedtests", (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Operation(runtime.StopSpeedTests()));
+        app.MapPost("/api/latency/stop", (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Operation(runtime.StopLatencyTests()));
+    }
+
+    private static void MapSettings(WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetSettingsAsync(), "settings.loaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/apply", async (SettingsApplyInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ApplySettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/inbound", async (InboundSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateInboundSettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/core", async (CoreSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateCoreSettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/application", async (AppSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateAppSettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/speedtest", async (SpeedTestSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateSpeedTestSettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/core-types", async (CoreTypeMappingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateCoreTypeMappingsAsync(input.Mappings)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/routing", async (RoutingSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateRoutingStrategiesAsync(input)));
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/webdav", (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetWebDavSettings(), "backup.webdavSettingsLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/webdav", async (WebDavSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateWebDavSettingsAsync(input)));
+
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/dns/simple", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetSimpleDNSAsync(), "dns.simpleLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/dns/simple", async (ServiceLib.Models.Configs.SimpleDNSItem input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateSimpleDNSAsync(input)));
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/dns/profiles", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetDnsProfilesAsync(), "dns.profilesLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/dns/profiles/{coreType}", async (ECoreType coreType, DnsProfileInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.UpdateDnsProfileAsync(coreType, input), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/dns/editor-options", () => ApiReplies.Ok(V2rayRuntime.GetDnsEditorOptions(), ApiMessageKeys.CommonLoaded));
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/dns/defaults", (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetDefaultDnsProfiles(), ApiMessageKeys.CommonLoaded));
+
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/routing-profiles", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetRoutingProfilesAsync(), "routing.profilesLoaded"));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles", async (RoutingItem input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveRoutingProfileAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}", async (string id, RoutingItem input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveRoutingProfileAsync(input, id), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.DeleteRoutingProfileAsync(id), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/activate", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ActivateRoutingProfileAsync(id), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules", async (string id, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetRoutingRulesAsync(id), "routing.rulesLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules", async (string id, List<RulesItem> rules, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveRoutingRulesAsync(id, rules), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules/import", async (string id, RouteRulesImportInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ImportRoutingRulesAsync(id, input)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules/import-url", async (string id, RouteRulesUrlImportInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ImportRoutingRulesFromUrlAsync(id, input.Append, cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules/{ruleId}", async (string id, string ruleId, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.DeleteRoutingRuleAsync(id, ruleId), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules/move", async (string id, RouteRulesMoveRequest input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.MoveRoutingRuleAsync(id, input.RuleId, input.Direction, input.Position)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/routing-profiles/import", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ImportRoutingProfilesAsync()));
+
+        app.MapGet("/api/settings/core-templates", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(await runtime.GetFullConfigTemplatesAsync(), "coreTemplates.loaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/settings/core-templates/{coreType}", async (ECoreType coreType, CoreConfigTemplateInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveFullConfigTemplateAsync(coreType, input), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status404NotFound));
+        app.MapPost("/api/settings/regional-presets/{preset}", async (EPresetType preset, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ApplyRegionalPresetAsync(preset, cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapDelete("/api/statistics", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.ClearStatisticsAsync()));
+
+        app.MapPost("/api/backup/webdav/check", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.CheckWebDavAsync()));
+        app.MapPost("/api/backup/webdav", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) => ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.BackupToWebDavAsync()));
+        app.MapPost("/api/backup/webdav/restore", async (V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.RestoreFromWebDavAsync(cancellationToken), successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted));
+        app.MapGet("/api/backup/download", async (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+        {
+            var (result, filePath) = await runtime.CreateBackupArchiveAsync();
+            return result.Success && filePath is not null
+                ? (IResult)new DeleteAfterFileResult(filePath)
+                : ApiReplies.Operation(result);
+        });
+        app.MapPost("/api/backup/restore", async (IFormFile file, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+        {
+            if (file.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return ApiReplies.Operation(OperationView.Fail("backup_file_empty", ApiMessageKeys.BackupArchiveInvalid));
+            }
+            if (file.Length > 64L * 1024 * 1024)
+            {
+                return ApiReplies.Operation(OperationView.Fail("backup_archive_too_large", ApiMessageKeys.BackupArchiveInvalid));
+            }
+            await using var input = file.OpenReadStream();
+            return ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.RestoreFromUploadAsync(input, cancellationToken), successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted);
+        }).DisableAntiforgery()
+            .WithMetadata(new RequestSizeLimitAttribute(65L * 1024 * 1024))
+            .WithMetadata(new RequestFormLimitsAttribute { MultipartBodyLengthLimit = 65L * 1024 * 1024 });
+    }
+
+    private static void MapCore(WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/core-updates", (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetCoreUpdateSettings(), "maintenance.updatesLoaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/web-updates", (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetWebUpdateTarget(), "maintenance.updatesLoaded"));
+        app.MapGet("/api/web-updates/check", async (bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            Results.Ok(await runtime.CheckWebUpdateAsync(preRelease, useProxy, cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/web-updates/update", (bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(runtime.StartWebUpdate(preRelease, useProxy),
+                successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted,
+                failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapGet("/api/core-updates/progress", (V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Ok(runtime.GetCoreUpdateProgress(), "maintenance.updatesLoaded"));
+        app.MapPut("/api/core-updates/settings", async (CoreUpdateSettingsInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.SaveCoreUpdateSettingsAsync(input)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core-updates/batch", (CoreUpdateBatchInput input, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(runtime.StartSelectedCoreUpdateBatch(input.Apply),
+                successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted,
+                failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapGet("/api/core-updates/{coreType}/check", async (ECoreType coreType, bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            Results.Ok(await runtime.CheckCoreUpdateAsync(coreType, preRelease, useProxy, cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core-updates/{coreType}/update", (ECoreType coreType, bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(
+                runtime.StartCoreUpdate(coreType, preRelease, useProxy),
+                successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted,
+                failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapGet("/api/core/xray/check-update", async (bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            Results.Ok(await runtime.CheckXrayUpdateAsync(preRelease ?? false, useProxy ?? true, cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core/xray/update", (bool? preRelease, bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(
+                runtime.StartCoreUpdate(ECoreType.Xray, preRelease ?? false, useProxy ?? true),
+                successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted,
+                failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core/geo/update", (bool? useProxy, V2rayRuntime runtime) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(
+                runtime.StartGeoUpdate(useProxy),
+                successStatus: StatusCodes.Status202Accepted,
+                failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+
+        app.MapPost("/api/core/start", async (V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.StartCoreAsync(null, cancellationToken), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core/stop", async (V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.StopCoreAsync(cancellationToken)));
+        app.MapPost("/api/core/restart", async (V2rayRuntime runtime, CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
+            ApiReplies.Operation(await runtime.RestartCoreAsync(cancellationToken), failureStatus: StatusCodes.Status409Conflict));
+    }
+
+    private static void MapEvents(WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/events", async (HttpContext context, EventHub events, WebSessionService sessions, IHostApplicationLifetime lifetime) =>
+        {
+            var session = context.Items.TryGetValue(WebSessionService.SessionSnapshotContextKey, out var sessionValue)
+                ? sessionValue as WebSessionSnapshot
+                : null;
+            if (session is null)
+            {
+                context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var revoked = session.RevocationToken;
+            var applicationStopping = lifetime.ApplicationStopping;
+            // The stream must end as soon as the host starts stopping: Kestrel's
+            // graceful stop waits for open requests, and an attached client would
+            // otherwise pin the whole host shutdown budget.
+            using var linkedCancellation = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(
+                context.RequestAborted,
+                revoked,
+                applicationStopping);
+            var cancellationToken = linkedCancellation.Token;
+
+            context.Response.ContentType = "text/event-stream";
+            context.Response.Headers["Cache-Control"] = "no-cache";
+            context.Response.Headers["X-Accel-Buffering"] = "no";
+
+            using var heartbeat = new PeriodicTimer(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1));
+            var includeLogs = string.Equals(context.Request.Query["include_logs"], "true", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            await using var subscription = events.Subscribe(cancellationToken, includeLogs).GetAsyncEnumerator(cancellationToken);
+            var nextEvent = subscription.MoveNextAsync().AsTask();
+            var nextHeartbeat = heartbeat.WaitForNextTickAsync(cancellationToken).AsTask();
+            try
+            {
+                while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    var completed = await Task.WhenAny(nextEvent, nextHeartbeat);
+                    if (completed == nextHeartbeat)
+                    {
+                        if (!await nextHeartbeat)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!await TryWriteSseHeartbeatAsync(context, sessions, session, cancellationToken))
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        nextHeartbeat = heartbeat.WaitForNextTickAsync(cancellationToken).AsTask();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!await nextEvent)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    var message = subscription.Current;
+                    var payload = SerializeEventData(message.Data);
+                    await context.Response.WriteAsync($"event: {message.Type}\ndata: {payload}\n\n", cancellationToken);
+                    await context.Response.Body.FlushAsync(cancellationToken);
+                    nextEvent = subscription.MoveNextAsync().AsTask();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException) when (context.RequestAborted.IsCancellationRequested || revoked.IsCancellationRequested)
+            {
+                await WriteUnauthorizedSseResponseAsync(context);
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException) when (applicationStopping.IsCancellationRequested)
+            {
+                // The host is shutting down; end the stream quietly so the web
+                // server can finish its graceful stop instead of waiting for it.
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                // Task.WhenAny can leave either asynchronous wait pending when the stream is revoked.
+                // Cancel and drain both before disposing the async iterator and timer.
+                linkedCancellation.Cancel();
+                try
+                {
+                    await nextEvent;
+                }
+                catch (OperationCanceledException)
+                {
+                }
+
+                try
+                {
+                    await nextHeartbeat;
+                }
+                catch (OperationCanceledException)
+                {
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    internal static async Task<bool> TryWriteSseHeartbeatAsync(
+        HttpContext context,
+        WebSessionService sessions,
+        WebSessionSnapshot session,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        if (!sessions.TryValidateSseSessionWithoutRenewal(session.SessionDigest, out _))
+        {
+            await WriteUnauthorizedSseResponseAsync(context);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        await context.Response.WriteAsync(": keep-alive\n\n", cancellationToken);
+        await context.Response.Body.FlushAsync(cancellationToken);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task WriteUnauthorizedSseResponseAsync(HttpContext context)
+    {
+        if (context.Response.HasStarted || context.RequestAborted.IsCancellationRequested)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized;
+        context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";
+        await context.Response.WriteAsJsonAsync(
+            ApiEnvelope<object>.Fail("unauthorized", ApiMessageKeys.CommonUnauthorized),
+            context.RequestAborted);
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/WebAuthEndpoints.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Security;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+public static class WebAuthEndpoints
+{
+    public static void MapWebAuthEndpoints(this WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapPost("/api/auth/login", (WebLoginRequest request, WebAuthService auth, WebSessionService sessions) =>
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(request.Key)
+                || request.Key.Length > WebAuthService.MaximumKeyLength
+                || !auth.ValidateManagementKey(request.Key))
+            {
+                return Results.Json(
+                    ApiEnvelope<object>.Fail("management_key_invalid", ApiMessageKeys.CommonUnauthorized),
+                    statusCode: StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized);
+            }
+
+            var session = sessions.CreateSession();
+            return Results.Ok(new
+            {
+                success = true,
+                data = new { token = session.Token, expiresAt = session.ExpiresAt },
+            });
+        }).RequireRateLimiting(WebAuthRateLimiting.LoginPolicy);
+
+        app.MapPost("/api/auth/logout", (HttpContext context, WebSessionService sessions) =>
+        {
+            sessions.Revoke(WebSessionService.ExtractPresentedToken(context));
+            return Results.Ok(new { success = true });
+        });
+
+        app.MapPost("/api/auth/sse-ticket", (HttpContext context, WebSessionService sessions) =>
+        {
+            if (!sessions.TryCreateSseTicket(WebSessionService.ExtractPresentedToken(context), out var ticket))
+            {
+                return Results.Json(
+                    ApiEnvelope<object>.Fail("unauthorized", ApiMessageKeys.CommonUnauthorized),
+                    statusCode: StatusCodes.Status401Unauthorized);
+            }
+
+            return Results.Ok(new
+            {
+                success = true,
+                data = new { ticket = ticket!.Token, expiresAt = ticket.ExpiresAt },
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    public sealed record WebLoginRequest(string? Key);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/WebHealthEndpoint.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+using System.Globalization;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Security;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Services;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+internal sealed record WebHealthResponse(string Status);
+
+internal static class WebHealthEndpoint
+{
+    public static WebHealthResponse CreateResponse(HttpContext context, V2rayRuntime runtime)
+    {
+        // Native launcher/updater probes connect directly to a loopback address. Require
+        // the same peer/Host pair the probe rule accepts, and no forwarding headers, so
+        // a local reverse proxy cannot relay internal process diagnostics to a remote
+        // caller.
+        if (WebSetupAccessPolicy.IsLocalDiagnosticSource(
+                context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress, context.Request.Host.Host)
+            && WebCorsPolicy.IsSameOriginRequest(context.Request)
+            && !WebSetupAccessPolicy.HasForwardedHeaders(context.Request.Headers))
+        {
+            context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-instance-pid"] = Environment.ProcessId.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-version"] = WebBuildIdentity.Current.Version;
+            context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-state"] = runtime.GetCoreRuntimeState();
+            context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-process-ids"] = string.Join(',', runtime.GetCoreProcessIds());
+            context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-profile-id"] = runtime.GetCoreRuntimeProfileId() ?? string.Empty;
+            if (ShutdownDiagnostics.CurrentStage is { Length: > 0 } stage)
+            {
+                context.Response.Headers["X-v2rayn-WebAPI-shutdown-stage"] = stage;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new WebHealthResponse("ok");
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Api/WebSetupEndpoints.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Security;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Api;
+
+public static class WebSetupEndpoints
+{
+    public static void MapWebSetupEndpoints(this WebApplication app)
+    {
+        app.MapGet("/api/setup/status", (HttpContext context, WebAuthService auth) => Results.Ok(new
+        {
+            setupRequired = auth.SetupRequired,
+            environmentKeyConfigured = auth.EnvironmentKeyConfigured,
+            setupAllowedFromThisRequest = WebSetupAccessPolicy.IsAllowedFromRequest(context),
+        }));
+
+        app.MapPost("/api/setup", async (WebSetupRequest request, HttpContext context, WebAuthService auth, WebSessionService sessions) =>
+        {
+            var setupAccessAllowed = WebSetupAccessPolicy.IsAllowedFromRequest(context);
+            var result = await auth.SetupAsync(
+                request.Key,
+                request.ConfirmKey,
+                setupAccessAllowed,
+                context.RequestAborted);
+
+            return result switch
+            {
+                WebSetupResult.Created => CreateSetupResponse(sessions),
+                WebSetupResult.Forbidden => Results.Json(new { error = "private_network_required" }, statusCode: StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden),
+                WebSetupResult.KeyTooShort => Results.BadRequest(new { error = "key_too_short", minimumLength = WebAuthService.MinimumKeyLength }),
+                WebSetupResult.KeyTooLong => Results.BadRequest(new { error = "key_too_long", maximumLength = WebAuthService.MaximumKeyLength }),
+                WebSetupResult.KeysDoNotMatch => Results.BadRequest(new { error = "keys_do_not_match" }),
+                WebSetupResult.AlreadyConfigured => Results.Conflict(new { error = "already_configured" }),
+                _ => Results.StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError),
+            };
+        }).RequireRateLimiting(WebAuthRateLimiting.SetupPolicy);
+    }
+
+    private static IResult CreateSetupResponse(WebSessionService sessions)
+    {
+        var session = sessions.CreateSession();
+        return Results.Ok(new { setupRequired = false, token = session.Token, expiresAt = session.ExpiresAt });
+    }
+
+    public sealed record WebSetupRequest(string? Key, string? ConfirmKey);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Assets/web-assets.json

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+  "assets": [
+    {
+      "rid": "linux-x64",
+      "arch": "64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-linux-64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-linux-64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    },
+    {
+      "rid": "linux-arm64",
+      "arch": "arm64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-linux-arm64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-linux-arm64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    },
+    {
+      "rid": "win-x64",
+      "arch": "64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-windows-64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-windows-64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    },
+    {
+      "rid": "win-arm64",
+      "arch": "arm64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-windows-arm64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-windows-arm64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    },
+    {
+      "rid": "linux-riscv64",
+      "arch": "riscv64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-linux-riscv64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-linux-riscv64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    },
+    {
+      "rid": "linux-loongarch64",
+      "arch": "loong64",
+      "full": "v2rayN-linux-loong64-WebAPI.zip",
+      "update": "v2rayN-linux-loong64-WebAPI-update.zip"
+    }
+  ]
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Configuration/NativeEnvironmentFile.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Configuration;
+
+internal sealed class NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException : Exception
+{
+    public NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException(string message, Exception? innerException = null)
+        : base(message, innerException)
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+internal static class NativeEnvironmentFile
+{
+    internal const int MaximumFileBytes = 64 * 1024;
+    internal const int MaximumValueBytes = 8 * 1024;
+
+    private static readonly UTF8Encoding StrictUtf8 = new(encoderShouldEmitUTF8Identifier: false, throwOnInvalidBytes: true);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Reads a minimal, non-shell KEY=value format. Comments occupy whole lines; the first '='
+    /// separates key and value. A value may be unquoted or wrapped in one matching pair of
+    /// single/double quotes. Quotes cannot be escaped, multiline values and shell syntax are
+    /// rejected, and the first occurrence of a duplicate key wins.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static void LoadFromExecutableDirectory(string executableDirectory)
+    {
+        var path = Path.Combine(Path.GetFullPath(executableDirectory), ".env");
+        if (Directory.Exists(path))
+            throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"Invalid environment configuration in '{path}': expected a regular file.");
+        if (!File.Exists(path)) return;
+
+        Dictionary<string, string> values;
+        try
+        {
+            using var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read);
+            if (stream.Length > MaximumFileBytes)
+                throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"The file exceeds the {MaximumFileBytes}-byte size limit.");
+
+            using var contents = new MemoryStream();
+            var buffer = new byte[4096];
+            while (true)
+            {
+                var read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+                if (read == 0) break;
+                if (contents.Length + read > MaximumFileBytes)
+                    throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"The file exceeds the {MaximumFileBytes}-byte size limit.");
+                contents.Write(buffer, 0, read);
+            }
+
+            values = Parse(StrictUtf8.GetString(contents.GetBuffer(), 0, checked((int)contents.Length)));
+        }
+        catch (NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException exception)
+        {
+            throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"Invalid environment configuration in '{path}': {exception.Message}", exception);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException or DecoderFallbackException)
+        {
+            throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"Could not read environment configuration from '{path}'.", exception);
+        }
+
+        var processEnvironment = ReadProcessEnvironment();
+        var mergedValues = Merge(values, processEnvironment);
+        foreach (var key in values.Keys)
+        {
+            // Never replace a variable inherited from the OS, systemd, or the container runtime.
+            if (!processEnvironment.ContainsKey(key))
+                Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(key, mergedValues[key]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static Dictionary<string, string> Parse(string contents)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(contents);
+        if (StrictUtf8.GetByteCount(contents) > MaximumFileBytes)
+            throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException($"The file exceeds the {MaximumFileBytes}-byte size limit.");
+        if (contents.Contains('\0'))
+            throw new NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException("NUL characters are not allowed.");
+
+        if (contents.Length > 0 && contents[0] == '\uFEFF')
+            contents = contents[1..];
+
+        var parsed = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        using var reader = new StringReader(contents);
+        var lineNumber = 0;
+        while (reader.ReadLine() is { } rawLine)
+        {
+            lineNumber++;
+            var line = rawLine.Trim();
+            if (line.Length == 0 || line.StartsWith('#')) continue;
+
+            var separator = line.IndexOf('=');
+            if (separator <= 0)
+                throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "expected KEY=value");
+
+            var key = line[..separator];
+            if (!IsValidKey(key))
+                throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "invalid key name");
+
+            var value = ParseValue(line[(separator + 1)..], lineNumber);
+            // Duplicate keys are valid but deterministic: the first occurrence wins.
+            if (!parsed.ContainsKey(key)) parsed.Add(key, value);
+        }
+
+        return parsed;
+    }
+
+    internal static Dictionary<string, string> Merge(
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> fileValues,
+        IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> processEnvironment)
+    {
+        var merged = new Dictionary<string, string>(EnvironmentVariableComparer());
+        foreach (var (key, fileValue) in fileValues)
+        {
+            // Presence wins even when the process supplied an empty value.
+            merged[key] = processEnvironment.TryGetValue(key, out var processValue)
+                ? processValue ?? string.Empty
+                : fileValue;
+        }
+        return merged;
+    }
+
+    private static Dictionary<string, string?> ReadProcessEnvironment()
+    {
+        var values = new Dictionary<string, string?>(EnvironmentVariableComparer());
+        foreach (DictionaryEntry entry in Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables())
+            values[(string)entry.Key] = entry.Value?.ToString();
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    private static string ParseValue(string value, int lineNumber)
+    {
+        if (value.Length > 0 && value[0] is '\'' or '"')
+        {
+            var quote = value[0];
+            if (value.Length < 2 || value[^1] != quote)
+                throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "malformed quoted value");
+
+            value = value[1..^1];
+            if (value.Contains(quote))
+                throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "quoted values do not support escapes or embedded matching quotes");
+        }
+        else if (value.Contains('\'') || value.Contains('"'))
+        {
+            throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "quotes must wrap the entire value");
+        }
+
+        if (StrictUtf8.GetByteCount(value) > MaximumValueBytes)
+            throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, $"value exceeds the {MaximumValueBytes}-byte size limit");
+
+        // This is a plain-text format, not a shell: reject shell expansion/escape syntax rather
+        // than interpreting it. No command or variable expansion is ever performed.
+        if (value.Contains('$') || value.Contains('`') || value.Contains('\\'))
+            throw InvalidLine(lineNumber, "shell expansion and escape syntax are not supported");
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsValidKey(string key)
+    {
+        if (key.Length == 0 || !IsAsciiLetter(key[0]) && key[0] != '_') return false;
+        for (var index = 1; index < key.Length; index++)
+        {
+            var character = key[index];
+            if (!IsAsciiLetter(character) && !char.IsAsciiDigit(character) && character != '_') return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsAsciiLetter(char value) => value is >= 'A' and <= 'Z' or >= 'a' and <= 'z';
+
+    private static StringComparer EnvironmentVariableComparer() =>
+        OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparer.Ordinal;
+
+    private static NativeEnvironmentConfigurationException InvalidLine(int lineNumber, string reason) =>
+        new($"Line {lineNumber}: {reason}.");
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+ARG RID=linux-x64
+ARG WEB_VERSION=0.0.0-dev
+ARG WEB_COMMIT=unknown
+ARG WEB_BUILD_DATE=unknown
+ARG WEB_REPOSITORY=2dust/v2rayN
+
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/alpine:3.22 AS core-assets
+ARG RID
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates curl unzip
+COPY v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Scripts/fetch-core-bundle.sh /usr/local/bin/fetch-core-bundle
+RUN sh /usr/local/bin/fetch-core-bundle "$RID" /out/bin
+
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:10.0 AS publish
+ARG RID
+ARG WEB_VERSION
+ARG WEB_COMMIT
+ARG WEB_BUILD_DATE
+ARG WEB_REPOSITORY
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY v2rayN/ ./v2rayN/
+RUN NUGET_PACKAGES=/src/.packages/nuget dotnet publish v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/v2rayN.WebAPI.csproj \
+    --configuration Release \
+    --runtime "$RID" \
+    --self-contained true \
+    -p:PublishSingleFile=true \
+    -p:IncludeNativeLibrariesForSelfExtract=true \
+    -p:WebVersion="$WEB_VERSION" \
+    -p:WebCommit="$WEB_COMMIT" \
+    -p:WebBuildDate="$WEB_BUILD_DATE" \
+    -p:WebRepository="$WEB_REPOSITORY" \
+    --output /out \
+    && mkdir -p /runtime-data
+# Copy the complete upstream bin/ payload; do not curate or enumerate Core files here.
+COPY --from=core-assets /out/bin/ /out/bin/
+
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/runtime-deps:10.0 AS runtime
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=publish --chown=10001:10001 /out/ ./
+COPY --from=publish --chown=10001:10001 /runtime-data/ /data/
+ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://0.0.0.0:5080 \
+    V2RAYN_DATA_HOME=/data \
+    DOTNET_BUNDLE_EXTRACT_BASE_DIR=/data/.net-bundle \
+    V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_PORT=10808 \
+    V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_LISTEN_ALL=true \
+    V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true
+VOLUME ["/data"]
+EXPOSE 5080/tcp 10808/tcp 10808/udp
+USER 10001:10001
+ENTRYPOINT ["/app/v2rayN.WebAPI", "--foreground"]

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Containerfile.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.git
+.env
+**/.env
+.packages
+**/.packages
+**/.NET
+**/bin
+**/obj
+**/node_modules
+**/dist
+**/publish
+**/.npm-cache
+**/TestResults
+**/guiConfigs
+**/guiLogs
+**/guiTemps
+**/guiBackups
+v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Tests
+v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/core-bin

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Contracts/ApiModels.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+using ServiceLib.Enums;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+
+public sealed record SubscriptionInput(
+    string Remarks,
+    string Url,
+    string? MoreUrl = null,
+    bool? Enabled = null,
+    string? UserAgent = null,
+    string? RequestHeaders = null,
+    string? Filter = null,
+    int? AutoUpdateInterval = null,
+    string? ConvertTarget = null,
+    string? Memo = null,
+    int? Sort = null,
+    string? PrevProfile = null,
+    string? NextProfile = null,
+    int? PreSocksPort = null,
+    ECoreType? CustomCoreType = null);
+
+public sealed record SubscriptionView(
+    string Id,
+    string Remarks,
+    string Url,
+    bool Enabled,
+    string? MoreUrl,
+    string? Filter,
+    int AutoUpdateInterval,
+    long UpdateTime,
+    string UserAgent,
+    string? RequestHeaders,
+    string? ConvertTarget,
+    string? Memo,
+    int Sort,
+    string? PrevProfile,
+    string? NextProfile,
+    int? PreSocksPort,
+    string? CustomCoreType);
+
+public sealed record SubscriptionMutationResult(bool Success, string Code, string MessageKey, SubscriptionView? Data);
+
+public sealed record ProfileView(
+    string IndexId,
+    string Remarks,
+    string Protocol,
+    string Address,
+    int Port,
+    string Network,
+    string StreamSecurity,
+    string? SubscriptionId,
+    string? SubscriptionName,
+    string CoreType,
+    int Sort,
+    int Delay,
+    decimal Speed,
+    string? IpInfo,
+    long TodayUp,
+    long TodayDown,
+    long TotalUp,
+    long TotalDown,
+    bool IsCurrent,
+    bool CanTest);
+
+public sealed record ProfileGroupView(string Id, string Code, string? Name, string? MessageKey, int ProfileCount, bool IsCurrent);
+
+public sealed record ProfileImportRequest(string Content, string? SubscriptionId = null, bool IsSubscription = false);
+
+public sealed record ProfileIdsRequest(string[] ProfileIds);
+
+public sealed record ProfileExportRequest(
+    string[] ProfileIds,
+    bool IncludeShareUris = true,
+    bool Base64ShareUris = false,
+    bool IncludeInnerUri = false,
+    bool IncludeClientConfig = true);
+
+public sealed record MoveProfilesRequest(string[] ProfileIds, string SubscriptionId);
+
+public sealed record SortProfilesRequest(string? SubscriptionId, string Column, bool Ascending);
+
+public sealed record MoveProfileRequest(string ProfileId, EMove Direction, int Position = -1);
+
+public sealed record ProfileGroupSelectionRequest(string? SubscriptionId);
+
+public sealed record SpeedTestRequest(ESpeedActionType Action, string[]? ProfileIds = null);
+
+public sealed record SubscriptionUpdateRequest(string? SubscriptionId = null, bool UseProxy = false);
+
+public sealed record InboundSettingsView(
+    int LocalPort,
+    bool SecondLocalPortEnabled,
+    bool UdpEnabled,
+    bool SniffingEnabled,
+    string[] DestOverride,
+    bool RouteOnly,
+    bool AllowLANConn,
+    bool NewPort4LAN,
+    string? User,
+    string? Pass);
+
+public sealed record CoreSettingsView(
+    bool LogEnabled,
+    string? Loglevel,
+    string? DefFingerprint,
+    string? DefUserAgent,
+    string? SendThrough,
+    string? BindInterface,
+    int? Mux4RayConcurrency,
+    int? Mux4RayXudpConcurrency,
+    string? Mux4RayXudpProxyUDP443,
+    string? Mux4SboxProtocol,
+    bool? Mux4SboxPadding,
+    bool EnableCacheFile4Sbox,
+    int Hy2UpMbps,
+    int Hy2DownMbps,
+    bool EnableFragment,
+    bool EnableFinalFragment,
+    string? FragmentPackets,
+    string[] FragmentLengths,
+    string[] FragmentDelays,
+    string? FragmentMaxSplit);
+
+public sealed record AppSettingsView(
+    bool EnableStatistics,
+    bool DisplayRealTimeSpeed,
+    bool KeepOlderDedupl,
+    int GeoAutoUpdateInterval,
+    string? RootCertProvider,
+    string? GeoSourceUrl,
+    string? SrsSourceUrl,
+    string? RouteRulesTemplateSourceUrl,
+    string? SubConvertUrl);
+
+public sealed record SpeedTestSettingsView(
+    int SpeedTestTimeout,
+    string? SpeedTestUrl,
+    string? SpeedPingTestUrl,
+    int MixedConcurrencyCount,
+    string? IPAPIUrl,
+    string? UdpTestTarget);
+
+public sealed record WebSettingsOptionsView(
+    string[] LogLevels,
+    string[] RootCertProviders,
+    string[] Fingerprints,
+    string[] UserAgents,
+    string[] Mux4SboxProtocols,
+    string[] Mux4RayXudpProxyUDP443Options,
+    string[] FragmentPacketsOptions,
+    string[] DestOverrideProtocols,
+    string[] RoutingBasicDomainStrategies,
+    string[] RoutingBasicDomainStrategies4Singbox,
+    string[] RoutingProfileDomainStrategies,
+    string[] RoutingProfileDomainStrategies4Singbox,
+    int[] MixedConcurrencyCounts,
+    int[] SpeedTestTimeouts,
+    string[] SpeedTestUrls,
+    string[] SpeedPingTestUrls,
+    string[] UdpTestTargets,
+    string[] IPAPIUrls,
+    string[] SubConvertUrls,
+    string[] GeoFilesSources,
+    string[] SingboxRulesetSources,
+    string[] RoutingRulesSources);
+
+public sealed record CoreTypeMapping(EConfigType ConfigType, ECoreType CoreType);
+
+public sealed record WebSettingsView(
+    InboundSettingsView Inbound,
+    CoreSettingsView Core,
+    AppSettingsView App,
+    SpeedTestSettingsView SpeedTest,
+    string? DomainStrategy,
+    string? DomainStrategy4Singbox,
+    IReadOnlyList<CoreTypeMapping> CoreTypes,
+    WebSettingsOptionsView Options,
+    bool ShowIpInfoColumn);
+
+public sealed record InboundSettingsInput(
+    int LocalPort,
+    bool SecondLocalPortEnabled,
+    bool UdpEnabled,
+    bool SniffingEnabled,
+    string[]? DestOverride,
+    bool RouteOnly,
+    bool AllowLANConn,
+    bool NewPort4LAN,
+    string? User,
+    string? Pass);
+
+public sealed record CoreSettingsInput(
+    bool LogEnabled,
+    string? Loglevel,
+    string? DefFingerprint,
+    string? DefUserAgent,
+    string? SendThrough,
+    string? BindInterface,
+    int? Mux4RayConcurrency,
+    int? Mux4RayXudpConcurrency,
+    string? Mux4RayXudpProxyUDP443,
+    string? Mux4SboxProtocol,
+    bool? Mux4SboxPadding,
+    bool EnableCacheFile4Sbox,
+    int Hy2UpMbps,
+    int Hy2DownMbps,
+    bool EnableFragment,
+    bool EnableFinalFragment,
+    string? FragmentPackets,
+    string[]? FragmentLengths,
+    string[]? FragmentDelays,
+    string? FragmentMaxSplit);
+
+public sealed record AppSettingsInput(
+    bool EnableStatistics,
+    bool DisplayRealTimeSpeed,
+    bool KeepOlderDedupl,
+    int GeoAutoUpdateInterval,
+    string? RootCertProvider,
+    string? GeoSourceUrl,
+    string? SrsSourceUrl,
+    string? RouteRulesTemplateSourceUrl,
+    string? SubConvertUrl);
+
+public sealed record SpeedTestSettingsInput(
+    int SpeedTestTimeout,
+    string SpeedTestUrl,
+    string SpeedPingTestUrl,
+    int MixedConcurrencyCount,
+    string IPAPIUrl,
+    string UdpTestTarget);
+
+public sealed record RoutingSettingsInput(string? DomainStrategy, string? DomainStrategy4Singbox);
+
+public sealed record CoreConfigTemplateView(
+    string Id,
+    string Remarks,
+    bool Enabled,
+    ECoreType CoreType,
+    string? Config,
+    string? TunConfig,
+    bool? AddProxyOnly,
+    string? ProxyDetour);
+
+public sealed record CoreConfigTemplateInput(
+    string? Remarks,
+    bool Enabled,
+    string? Config,
+    string? TunConfig,
+    bool? AddProxyOnly,
+    string? ProxyDetour);
+
+public sealed record DnsProfileView(
+    string Id,
+    string Remarks,
+    bool Enabled,
+    ECoreType CoreType,
+    bool UseSystemHosts,
+    string? NormalDNS,
+    string? TunDNS,
+    string? DomainStrategy4Freedom,
+    string? DomainDNSAddress);
+
+public sealed record DnsProfileInput(
+    string? Remarks,
+    bool Enabled,
+    bool UseSystemHosts,
+    string? NormalDNS,
+    string? TunDNS,
+    string? DomainStrategy4Freedom,
+    string? DomainDNSAddress);
+
+public sealed record DnsDefaultProfileView(ECoreType CoreType, string NormalDNS, string TunDNS);
+
+public sealed record DnsEditorOptionsView(
+    string[] CoreTypes,
+    string[] DomainStrategies4Freedom,
+    string[] DomainStrategies4Singbox,
+    string[] DomainDnsAddresses,
+    string[] DirectDnsAddresses,
+    string[] RemoteDnsAddresses,
+    string[] BootstrapDnsAddresses,
+    string[] FakeIpRanges,
+    string[] ExpectedIps);
+
+public sealed record SubscriptionEditorOptionsView(string[] ConvertTargets, string[] CustomCoreTypes);
+
+public sealed record ProfileEditorOptionsView(
+    string[] CoreTypes,
+    string[] ConfigTypes,
+    string[] SingboxOnlyConfigTypes,
+    string[] Networks,
+    string DefaultNetwork,
+    string DefaultStreamSecurity,
+    string DefaultSecurity,
+    string DefaultVlessEncryption,
+    string DefaultXhttpMode,
+    string DefaultGrpcMode,
+    int DefaultWireGuardMtu,
+    string[] RawHeaderTypes,
+    string[] XhttpModes,
+    string[] KcpHeaderTypes,
+    string[] GrpcModes,
+    string[] VmessSecurities,
+    string[] Flows,
+    string[] TuicCongestionControls,
+    string[] NaiveCongestionControls,
+    string[] Fingerprints,
+    string[] Alpns,
+    IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string[]> ShadowsocksSecurities,
+    string[] StreamSecurityTypes,
+    string[] MultipleLoadStrategies);
+
+public sealed record WebEditorOptionsView(
+    SubscriptionEditorOptionsView Subscriptions,
+    ProfileEditorOptionsView Profiles,
+    DnsEditorOptionsView Dns);
+
+public sealed record RouteRulesImportInput(string Content, bool Append = false);
+
+public sealed record RouteRulesUrlImportInput(bool Append = false);
+
+public sealed record ProfileExportItem(string IndexId, string Remarks, string Format, string Content);
+
+public sealed record TrafficView(long ProxyUp, long ProxyDown, long DirectUp, long DirectDown);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateCheckView(bool UpdateAvailable, string? Version, bool IsUpToDate = false, string? Detail = null);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateTargetView(
+    string CoreType,
+    string NameKey,
+    bool IsSupported,
+    bool CanInstall,
+    bool SupportsPreRelease,
+    bool Selected,
+    string? UnsupportedReasonKey);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateSettingsView(
+    IReadOnlyList<CoreUpdateTargetView> Targets,
+    bool GeoFilesSelected,
+    bool PreRelease,
+    bool UseProxy,
+    IReadOnlyList<string>? CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes = null);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateSettingsInput(
+    string[] SelectedCoreTypes,
+    bool PreRelease,
+    bool UseProxy,
+    string[]? CheckPreReleaseCoreTypes = null);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateBatchInput(bool Apply);
+
+public sealed record CoreUpdateProgressView(
+    string CoreType,
+    string Phase,
+    bool IsComplete,
+    bool Success,
+    bool CoreWasRunning,
+    string? Version,
+    string? Detail,
+    bool Batch = false,
+    bool? RollbackSucceeded = null);
+
+public sealed record WebUpdateTargetView(
+    string Name,
+    string Version,
+    string Commit,
+    string BuildDate,
+    string Rid,
+    string Deployment,
+    bool IsSupported,
+    bool CanCheck,
+    bool CanInstall,
+    bool Selected,
+    string? InstallReasonKey,
+    string? LatestVersion = null);
+
+public sealed record WebUpdateCheckView(
+    bool UpdateAvailable,
+    string CurrentVersion,
+    string CurrentCommit,
+    string Rid,
+    string? LatestVersion,
+    string? LatestCommit,
+    bool CanInstall,
+    string? InstallReasonKey,
+    string? Detail = null);
+
+public sealed record WebDavSettingsView(string? Url, string? UserName, string? DirName, bool HasPassword);
+
+public sealed record WebDavSettingsInput(string? Url, string? UserName, string? Password, string? DirName);
+
+public sealed record RouteRulesMoveRequest(string RuleId, EMove Direction, int Position = -1);
+
+public sealed record CoreTypeMappingsInput(IReadOnlyList<CoreTypeMapping> Mappings);
+
+public sealed record SettingsApplyInput(
+    InboundSettingsInput Inbound,
+    CoreSettingsInput Core,
+    AppSettingsInput Application,
+    SpeedTestSettingsInput SpeedTest,
+    IReadOnlyList<CoreTypeMapping> CoreTypes,
+    string? DomainStrategy,
+    string? DomainStrategy4Singbox);
+
+public sealed record ApiEnvelope<T>(bool Success, string Code, string MessageKey, T? Data)
+{
+    public static ApiEnvelope<T> Ok(T? data, string messageKey = ApiMessageKeys.CommonLoaded) => new(true, "ok", messageKey, data);
+
+    public static ApiEnvelope<T> Fail(string code, string messageKey, T? data = default) => new(false, code, messageKey, data);
+}
+
+public sealed record OperationView(bool Success, string Code, string MessageKey, object? Data = null)
+{
+    public static OperationView Ok(string messageKey, object? data = null) => new(true, "ok", messageKey, data);
+
+    public static OperationView Fail(string code, string messageKey, object? data = null) => new(false, code, messageKey, data);
+}
+
+public static class ApiMessageKeys
+{
+    public const string CommonLoaded = "common.loaded";
+    public const string CommonCompleted = "common.completed";
+    public const string CommonSaved = "common.saved";
+    public const string CommonDeleted = "common.deleted";
+    public const string CommonNotFound = "errors.notFound";
+    public const string CommonInvalidInput = "errors.invalidInput";
+    public const string CommonUnauthorized = "errors.unauthorized";
+    public const string CommonInternal = "errors.internal";
+    public const string CommonRouteNotFound = "errors.routeNotFound";
+    public const string CommonCoreRestartRequired = "settings.savedRestartRequired";
+    public const string CoreStarted = "core.started";
+    public const string CoreStopped = "core.stopped";
+    public const string CoreRestarted = "core.restarted";
+    public const string CoreStartFailed = "core.startFailed";
+    public const string CoreStopFailed = "core.stopFailed";
+    public const string CoreNotRunning = "core.notRunning";
+    public const string CoreRuntimeBusy = "core.runtimeBusy";
+    public const string WebUpdateCheckFailed = "maintenance.webUpdateCheckFailed";
+    public const string CoreBinaryMissing = "core.binaryMissing";
+    public const string CorePortInUse = "core.portInUse";
+    public const string CoreTunNotSupported = "core.tunNotSupported";
+    public const string CoreUnsupported = "core.unsupported";
+    public const string ProfileNotFound = "profiles.notFound";
+    public const string ProfileDetailLoaded = "profiles.detailLoaded";
+    public const string ProfileNoneSelected = "profiles.noneSelected";
+    public const string ProfileInvalid = "profiles.invalid";
+    public const string ProfileUnsupportedCore = "profiles.unsupportedCore";
+    public const string ProfileSelectRequired = "profiles.selectRequired";
+    public const string ProfileNotInGroup = "profiles.notInGroup";
+    public const string ProfileImported = "profiles.imported";
+    public const string ProfileDeleted = "profiles.deleted";
+    public const string ProfileCopied = "profiles.copied";
+    public const string ProfileMoved = "profiles.moved";
+    public const string ProfileOrderSaved = "profiles.orderSaved";
+    public const string ProfileDeduplicated = "profiles.deduplicated";
+    public const string ProfileInvalidRemoved = "profiles.invalidRemoved";
+    public const string ProfileGrouped = "profiles.grouped";
+    public const string ProfileSaved = "profiles.saved";
+    public const string ProfileSaveFailed = "profiles.saveFailed";
+    public const string SubscriptionNotFound = "subscriptions.notFound";
+    public const string SubscriptionAdded = "subscriptions.added";
+    public const string SubscriptionSaved = "subscriptions.saved";
+    public const string SubscriptionDeleted = "subscriptions.deleted";
+    public const string SubscriptionUpdateStarted = "subscriptions.updateStarted";
+    public const string SubscriptionUpdateBusy = "subscriptions.updateBusy";
+    public const string SubscriptionInvalidUrl = "subscriptions.invalidUrl";
+    public const string SubscriptionNameRequired = "subscriptions.nameRequired";
+    public const string SubscriptionSaveFailed = "subscriptions.saveFailed";
+    public const string SpeedTestStarted = "speedtest.started";
+    public const string SpeedTestBusy = "speedtest.busy";
+    public const string SpeedTestUnsupportedCore = "speedtest.unsupportedCore";
+    public const string SpeedTestSelectRequired = "speedtest.selectRequired";
+    public const string SpeedTestInvalidProfile = "speedtest.invalidProfile";
+    public const string SpeedTestSettingsSaved = "speedtest.settingsSaved";
+    public const string SpeedTestResult = "speedtest.result";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidPort = "settings.invalidPort";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidCoreLogLevel = "settings.invalidCoreLogLevel";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidCoreValue = "settings.invalidCoreValue";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidFragment = "settings.invalidFragment";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidSpeedTest = "settings.invalidSpeedTest";
+    public const string SettingsCoreApplyFailed = "settings.coreApplyFailed";
+    public const string SettingsInvalidRoutingStrategy = "settings.invalidRoutingStrategy";
+    public const string DnsProfileNotFound = "dns.profileNotFound";
+    public const string DnsSaveFailed = "dns.saveFailed";
+    public const string RoutingNameRequired = "routing.nameRequired";
+    public const string RoutingProfileNotFound = "routing.profileNotFound";
+    public const string RoutingRulesInvalid = "routing.rulesInvalid";
+    public const string RoutingRuleNotFound = "routing.ruleNotFound";
+    public const string RoutingSaveFailed = "routing.saveFailed";
+    public const string RegionalPresetInvalid = "settings.invalidRegionalPreset";
+    public const string RegionalPresetFailed = "settings.regionalPresetFailed";
+    public const string XrayUpdateCheckFailed = "core.updateCheckFailed";
+    public const string XrayUpdateStarted = "core.updateStarted";
+    public const string XrayUpdateBusy = "core.updateBusy";
+    public const string XrayUpdateFailed = "core.updateFailed";
+    public const string XrayUpdateCompleted = "core.updateCompleted";
+    public const string XrayUpdateAvailable = "core.updateAvailable";
+    public const string XrayUpdateCurrent = "core.updateCurrent";
+    public const string CoreUpdateCheckFailed = "maintenance.updateCheckFailed";
+    public const string CoreUpdateStarted = "maintenance.updateStarted";
+    public const string CoreUpdateBatchStarted = "maintenance.batchStarted";
+    public const string CoreUpdateBusy = "maintenance.updateBusy";
+    public const string CoreUpdateFailed = "maintenance.updateFailed";
+    public const string CoreUpdateCompleted = "maintenance.updateCompleted";
+    public const string CoreUpdateSettingsSaved = "maintenance.updateSettingsSaved";
+    public const string CoreUpdateUnsupported = "maintenance.updateUnsupported";
+    public const string CoreUpdateAvailable = "maintenance.updateAvailableGeneric";
+    public const string CoreUpdateCurrent = "maintenance.upToDateGeneric";
+    public const string GeoUpdateStarted = "updates.geoStarted";
+    public const string GeoUpdateBusy = "updates.geoBusy";
+    public const string GeoUpdateProgress = "updates.geoProgress";
+    public const string GeoUpdateNotSelected = "maintenance.geoNotSelected";
+    public const string SubscriptionUpdateProgress = "subscriptions.updateProgress";
+    public const string ProfilesAllGroup = "profiles.allGroup";
+    public const string BackupCreated = "backup.created";
+    public const string BackupRestoreStarted = "backup.restoreStarted";
+    public const string BackupRestoreFailed = "backup.restoreFailed";
+    public const string BackupRestoreProbeUnavailable = "backup.restoreProbeUnavailable";
+    public const string BackupRestoreSetSidUnavailable = "backup.restoreSetSidUnavailable";
+    public const string BackupRestoreExecutableUnavailable = "backup.restoreExecutableUnavailable";
+    public const string BackupArchiveInvalid = "backup.archiveInvalid";
+    public const string BackupDatabaseIncompatible = "backup.databaseIncompatible";
+    public const string WebDavSettingsSaved = "backup.webdavSettingsSaved";
+    public const string WebDavCheckSucceeded = "backup.webdavCheckSucceeded";
+    public const string WebDavCheckFailed = "backup.webdavCheckFailed";
+    public const string WebDavBackupSucceeded = "backup.webdavBackupSucceeded";
+    public const string WebDavRestoreFailed = "backup.webdavRestoreFailed";
+}
+
+public sealed record ListenerView(
+    string Name,
+    string[] Protocols,
+    string ListenAddress,
+    int Port,
+    bool Listening);
+
+public sealed record StatusView(
+    bool CoreRunning,
+    string? CoreType,
+    string? CurrentProfileId,
+    string? CurrentProfileName,
+    DateTimeOffset? CoreStartedAt,
+    ListenerView[] Listeners,
+    bool XrayAvailable,
+    string Runtime,
+    int ProfileCount,
+    int SubscriptionCount,
+    DateTimeOffset CheckedAt,
+    bool StatisticsEnabled,
+    TrafficView? Traffic,
+    string RuntimeState = "stopped",
+    int? ConfiguredProxyPort = null,
+    int? RunningProxyPort = null,
+    string? RunningProfileId = null,
+    string? RunningProfileName = null,
+    int? ApiPort = null,
+    int[]? CoreProcessIds = null,
+    string? RuntimeFailure = null,
+    string? WebVersion = null,
+    string? GitCommit = null,
+    string? RuntimeIdentifier = null,
+    string? WebBuildDate = null,
+    bool SniffingEnabled = false,
+    string[]? DestOverride = null,
+    string[]? Capabilities = null);
+
+public sealed record LogView(DateTimeOffset Timestamp, string Source, string Message, long Generation = 0);
+
+public sealed record LogPageView(IReadOnlyList<LogView> Items, int Page, int PageSize, int Total, int TotalPages);
+
+public sealed record WebEvent(string Type, object? Data, DateTimeOffset Timestamp);

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Contracts/WebApiCapabilities.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+
+public static class WebApiCapabilities
+{
+    public static string[] Current =>
+    [
+        "auth.sessions",
+        "events.sse",
+        "editor.options",
+        "profiles",
+        "subscriptions",
+        "routing",
+        "dns",
+        "settings",
+        "backup.restore",
+        "core.runtime",
+        "core.updates",
+        "WebAPI.self-update",
+    ];
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Deploy/Systemd/v2rayn-web.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY=

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Deploy/Systemd/v2rayn-web.service

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=v2rayN Web API
+Wants=network-online.target
+After=network-online.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+User=v2rayn
+Group=v2rayn
+WorkingDirectory=/opt/v2rayn-web
+ExecStart=/opt/v2rayn-web/v2rayN.WebAPI --foreground
+EnvironmentFile=/etc/v2rayn-web.env
+Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://0.0.0.0:5080
+Environment=V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true
+Environment=V2RAYN_DATA_HOME=/var/lib/v2rayn-web
+Environment=DOTNET_BUNDLE_EXTRACT_BASE_DIR=/var/lib/v2rayn-web/.net-bundle
+StateDirectory=v2rayn-web
+StateDirectoryMode=0750
+UMask=0077
+Restart=always
+RestartSec=3
+KillSignal=SIGTERM
+SendSIGKILL=no
+TimeoutStopSec=30s
+NoNewPrivileges=true
+PrivateTmp=true
+ProtectSystem=strict
+ProtectHome=true
+ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/v2rayn-web
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/FEATURE-MAP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# v2rayN.WebAPI feature map
+
+The API uses existing public ServiceLib capabilities without changing desktop or Core behavior.
+API scheduling and cancellation live in `V2rayRuntime.Scheduling.cs`; the desktop `TaskManager`
+is not registered. `RuntimeMutationGate` serializes API-side writes to configuration and SQLite.
+
+## ServiceLib → WebAPI capabilities
+
+| Capability | Existing ServiceLib capability | WebAPI |
+|---|---|---|
+| Runtime status and operations | `MainWindowViewModel`; `StatusBarViewModel`; `CoreManager` | `GET /api/status`; `GET /api/operations` |
+| Subscription groups and current group | `AppManager.SubItems`; `Config.SubIndexId`; `ProfilesViewModel.RefreshSubscriptions` | `GET /api/profile-groups`; `PUT /api/profile-groups/current` |
+| Profiles and filtering | `AppManager.ProfileModels/ProfileItems`; `ProfileExManager`; `StatisticsManager`; `Utils.IsRegexMatch` | `GET /api/profiles?subscriptionId=&filter=`; filtering uses ServiceLib's regex guard |
+| Current profile and Core lifecycle | `ConfigHandler.SetDefaultServerIndex`; `CoreConfigContextBuilder.BuildAll`; `CoreManager.LoadCore` | `POST /api/profiles/{id}/select`; `POST /api/core/start`, `/stop`, `/restart` |
+| Add/edit profiles and group profiles | `ConfigHandler.AddServer/AddServerCommon`; protocol-specific `Add*Server`; `ProfileItem.IsValid`; `GroupProfileManager` | `GET /api/profiles/{id}`; `POST /api/profiles`; `PUT /api/profiles/{id}` |
+| Import profiles and custom configuration | `ConfigHandler.AddBatchServers`; `FmtHandler.ResolveConfig`; custom-config parsers | `POST /api/profiles/import` |
+| Remove/copy profiles | `ConfigHandler.RemoveServers/CopyServer` | `DELETE /api/profiles`; `POST /api/profiles/copy` |
+| Deduplicate and remove failed test results | `ConfigHandler.DedupServerList/RemoveInvalidServerResult` | `POST /api/profiles/deduplicate`; `DELETE /api/profiles/invalid-test-results` |
+| Move/reorder profiles | `ConfigHandler.MoveToGroup/MoveServer`; `ProfileExManager.SetSort` | `POST /api/profiles/move-to-group`; `POST /api/profiles/move` |
+| Sort profiles | `ConfigHandler.SortServers`; `EServerColName` | `POST /api/profiles/sort` |
+| Latency, UDP and speed tests | `SpeedtestService.RunLoop/ExitLoop`; `ESpeedActionType` | `POST /api/profiles/{id}/latency`; `POST/DELETE /api/speedtests`; progress/results through SSE |
+| Share/export profiles and Core configuration | `FmtHandler.GetShareUri`; `InnerFmt.ToUri`; `CoreConfigContextBuilder.Build`; `CoreConfigHandler.GenerateClientConfig` | `POST /api/profiles/export` |
+| Generate all-node/regional groups | `ConfigHandler.AddGroupAllServer/AddGroupRegionServer` | `POST /api/profile-groups/generate/all`; `POST /api/profile-groups/generate/regions` |
+| Manage/share subscriptions | `SubItem`; `ConfigHandler.AddSubItem/DeleteSubItem`; `SubSettingViewModel` | `GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /api/subscriptions`; `GET /api/subscriptions/{id}/share` |
+| Update subscriptions | `SubscriptionHandler.UpdateProcess` | `POST /api/subscriptions/update`; group/proxy options; progress through `GET /api/operations` and SSE |
+| Scheduled subscription updates | `SubItem.AutoUpdateInterval/UpdateTime`; `SubscriptionHandler.UpdateProcess` | `V2rayRuntime.Scheduling.RunScheduledSubscriptionUpdatesAsync` checks intervals and starts API-owned background tasks |
+| Core/GeoFiles updates | `CoreInfoManager`; `UpdateService`; `CoreManager` | `GET/POST /api/core-updates/{coreType}/check`, `/update`; `POST /api/core-updates/batch`; `POST /api/core/geo/update`; GeoFiles backup/verify/rollback |
+| API self-update (separate from Desktop) | API-owned release manifest, package validation and native helper | `GET /api/web-updates`; `GET /api/web-updates/check`; `POST /api/web-updates/update`; protected systemd/container deployments are check-only |
+| Inbound listeners | `Config.Inbound`; `StatusBarViewModel.InboundDisplayStatus`; `AppManager.GetLocalPort` | `GET /api/status`; `GET/PUT /api/settings/inbound` |
+| Traffic/statistics | `StatisticsManager`; `ServerStatItem`; `ServerSpeedItem` | Profile byte counters; `GET /api/status`; SSE `traffic`; `DELETE /api/statistics` |
+| Logs | `MsgViewModel`; `AppEvents.SendMsgViewRequested`; `CoreManager` callback | `GET/DELETE /api/logs`; `GET /api/logs/page?page=&pageSize=&filter=`; `/api/events` log/state/progress events |
+| General settings | `OptionSettingViewModel`; `Config`; `ConfigHandler.SaveConfig` | `GET /api/settings`; atomic `PUT /api/settings/apply`; section settings APIs |
+| Routing profiles | `AppManager.RoutingItems`; `ConfigHandler.SaveRoutingItem/RemoveRoutingItem/SetDefaultRouting/InitRouting` | `GET/POST/PUT/DELETE /api/settings/routing-profiles`; `/activate`; `/import`; `PUT /api/settings/routing` |
+| Routing rules | `RoutingItem.RuleSet`; `RulesItem`; `ConfigHandler.AddBatchRoutingRules/MoveRoutingRule` | `GET/PUT /api/settings/routing-profiles/{id}/rules`; `/rules/import`; `/rules/move`; `/rules/{ruleId}` |
+| Simple/per-Core DNS | `Config.SimpleDNSItem`; `DNSItem`; `ConfigHandler.SaveDNSItems/GetExternalDNSItem` | `GET/PUT /api/settings/dns/simple`; `GET/PUT /api/settings/dns/profiles` |
+| Core configuration templates | `FullConfigTemplateItem`; `ConfigHandler.SaveFullConfigTemplate` | `GET /api/settings/core-templates`; `PUT /api/settings/core-templates/{coreType}`; stored TUN fields are preserved, not editable |
+| Regional presets | `ConfigHandler.ApplyRegionalPreset/InitRouting` | `POST /api/settings/regional-presets/{preset}` |
+| WebDAV and backup/restore | `WebDavManager`; existing `guiConfigs/` ZIP format; `FileUtils` | `GET/PUT /api/settings/webdav`; `/api/backup/webdav/check`; `/webdav`; `/webdav/restore`; `GET /api/backup/download`; multipart `POST /api/backup/restore` |
+
+Core selection/startup remain delegated to ServiceLib's `CoreInfoManager` and `CoreManager`,
+and require the selected Core executable. Generated speed-test configurations support Xray
+and sing-box; TCPing is available for any profile with a port. Release/container artifacts
+copy the complete architecture-matched official `2dust/v2rayN-core-bin` payload.
+
+## Unsupported desktop capabilities
+
+TUN settings/control, desktop system proxy, Clash Proxies/Connections, tray icons, global
+hotkeys, window placement, desktop startup integration and native dialogs/scanners are outside
+the headless API boundary. Core start/restart/autostart rejects generated TUN configurations
+without changing saved settings. These exclusions are not claims of full desktop parity.
+
+## Response contract
+
+JSON field names and enum/state codes are stable identifiers. Operation/error responses use
+`{ success, code, messageKey, data }`; SSE uses stable event/type codes plus data. User-provided
+names, URLs, remarks and log lines remain data. The API does not render HTML or translate responses.

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/Locales/en-US.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"launcher":{"started":"v2rayN.WebAPI is running in the background.\nAPI health endpoint: {url}\nThe service is detached from this terminal; Ctrl+C will not stop it.\nStop it with: {command} --stop\nRun in the foreground with: {command} --foreground","alreadyRunningOpening":"v2rayN.WebAPI is already running.\nOpening the API health endpoint: {url}\nStop it with: {command} --stop","alreadyRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI is already running.\nAPI health endpoint: {url}\nStop it with: {command} --stop","foregroundStarted":"v2rayN.WebAPI is running in the foreground.\nAPI health endpoint: {url}\nPress Ctrl+C to stop the service gracefully.","stopNotRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI is not running for this data directory.","stopSucceeded":"v2rayN.WebAPI stopped.","stopIdentityUnverified":"Cannot safely stop v2rayN.WebAPI: instance identity could not be verified; no signal was sent.","stopUnprobeable":"Cannot safely stop v2rayN.WebAPI: the configured listeners have no loopback HTTP health endpoint to verify the instance (for example HTTPS-only or an explicit non-loopback address); no signal was sent.","stopSupervisorManaged":"This instance is managed by systemd. Use systemctl stop for its unit; --stop will not compete with the supervisor.","stopCoreStillRunning":"The Web host stopped, but a tracked Core child process is still running. Check the service log before force-stopping it.","stopSignalFailed":"Could not send SIGTERM to v2rayN.WebAPI.","stopTimedOut":"v2rayN.WebAPI received SIGTERM but did not stop within the expected time.","stopTimedOutStage":"Last observed cleanup stage: {stage}.","stopUnsupported":"--stop is supported only on Linux.","startFailed":"v2rayN.WebAPI failed to start; run with --foreground to see details.","startUnprobeable":"v2rayN.WebAPI cannot start in the background: the configured listeners have no loopback HTTP health endpoint to verify the instance (for example HTTPS-only or an explicit non-loopback address). Run with --foreground instead.","existingUnhealthy":"An instance for this data directory is starting but is not ready yet; try again shortly.","instanceInUse":"A v2rayN.WebAPI instance is already using this data directory.","help":"v2rayN.WebAPI - the headless Web API service of v2rayN\n\nUsage: v2rayN.WebAPI [options]\n\nOptions:\n  --foreground        Run in the foreground; Ctrl+C stops it safely and logs stay on the terminal\n  --background        Run in the background, detached from the terminal (Linux default in a terminal)\n  --no-open           Do not open the browser on startup\n  --stop              Stop the instance running for the same data directory (Linux only)\n  --help, -h          Show this help and exit\n\nOther arguments (for example --urls http://0.0.0.0:5080) are passed to the web host.\n\nCommon configuration (environment variables; can live in an .env file next to the executable):\n  V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY          Management Key; required when listening beyond 127.0.0.1\n  ASPNETCORE_URLS             Listen address, default http://127.0.0.1:5080\n  V2RAYN_WEB_ALLOWED_ORIGINS  Allowed cross-origin sources\n  V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true   Start the Core together with the web service\n  V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_PORT       Local proxy port (used by update checks)\n\nDocs: https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/tree/master/v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI"}}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/Locales/zh-CN.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"launcher":{"started":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在后台启动。\nAPI 健康端点：{url}\n服务已脱离当前终端，Ctrl+C 不会停止它。\n停止服务：{command} --stop\n前台运行：{command} --foreground","alreadyRunningOpening":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在运行。\n正在打开 API 健康端点：{url}\n停止服务：{command} --stop","alreadyRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在运行。\nAPI 健康端点：{url}\n停止服务：{command} --stop","foregroundStarted":"v2rayN.WebAPI 正在前台运行。\nAPI 健康端点：{url}\n按 Ctrl+C 可安全停止服务。","stopNotRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI 未在此数据目录运行。","stopSucceeded":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已停止。","stopIdentityUnverified":"无法安全停止 v2rayN.WebAPI：无法确认实例身份，未发送信号。","stopUnprobeable":"无法安全停止 v2rayN.WebAPI：当前监听配置没有可供验证实例身份的回环 HTTP 健康端点（例如仅 HTTPS 或仅绑定非回环地址），未发送信号。","stopSupervisorManaged":"此实例由 systemd 管理，请使用 systemctl stop 停止对应服务；--stop 不会与服务管理器争抢生命周期。","stopCoreStillRunning":"Web 主进程已停止，但检测到 Core 子进程仍在运行。请先检查服务日志，再决定是否强制结束。","stopSignalFailed":"无法向 v2rayN.WebAPI 发送 SIGTERM。","stopTimedOut":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已收到 SIGTERM，但未能在预期时间内停止。","stopTimedOutStage":"最后观察到的清理阶段：{stage}。","stopUnsupported":"--stop 仅支持 Linux。","startFailed":"v2rayN.WebAPI 启动失败；请使用 --foreground 查看详细日志。","startUnprobeable":"v2rayN.WebAPI 无法在后台启动：当前监听配置没有可供验证实例身份的回环 HTTP 健康端点（例如仅 HTTPS 或仅绑定非回环地址）。请改用 --foreground 运行。","existingUnhealthy":"检测到同一数据目录的实例正在启动，但尚未就绪；请稍后重试。","instanceInUse":"同一数据目录下已有 v2rayN.WebAPI 实例正在运行。","help":"v2rayN.WebAPI - v2rayN 的 Web API 服务（无界面）\n\n用法：v2rayN.WebAPI [选项]\n\n选项：\n  --foreground        前台运行；Ctrl+C 可安全停止，日志直接输出到终端\n  --background        后台运行并脱离终端（Linux 终端下的默认行为）\n  --no-open           启动时不自动打开浏览器\n  --stop              停止同一数据目录下正在运行的实例（仅 Linux）\n  --help, -h          显示本帮助并退出\n\n其余参数（例如 --urls http://0.0.0.0:5080）会原样传递给 Web 主机。\n\n常用配置（环境变量，可写入可执行文件同目录的 .env 文件）：\n  V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY          管理密钥；监听非 127.0.0.1 地址时必填\n  ASPNETCORE_URLS             监听地址，默认 http://127.0.0.1:5080\n  V2RAYN_WEB_ALLOWED_ORIGINS  允许跨域的来源列表\n  V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true   启动 Web 服务时自动启动 Core\n  V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_PORT       本地代理端口（供更新检查等使用）\n\n文档：https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/tree/master/v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI"}}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/Locales/zh-TW.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"launcher":{"started":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在背景啟動。\nAPI 健康端點：{url}\n服務已脫離目前終端，Ctrl+C 不會停止它。\n停止服務：{command} --stop\n前台執行：{command} --foreground","alreadyRunningOpening":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在執行。\n正在開啟 API 健康端點：{url}\n停止服務：{command} --stop","alreadyRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已在執行。\nAPI 健康端點：{url}\n停止服務：{command} --stop","foregroundStarted":"v2rayN.WebAPI 正在前台執行。\nAPI 健康端點：{url}\n按 Ctrl+C 可安全停止服務。","stopNotRunning":"v2rayN.WebAPI 未在此資料目錄執行。","stopSucceeded":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已停止。","stopIdentityUnverified":"無法安全停止 v2rayN.WebAPI：無法確認執行個體身分，未傳送訊號。","stopUnprobeable":"無法安全停止 v2rayN.WebAPI：目前監聽設定沒有可供驗證執行個體身分的回送 HTTP 健康端點（例如僅 HTTPS 或僅繫結非回送位址），未傳送訊號。","stopSupervisorManaged":"此執行個體由 systemd 管理，請使用 systemctl stop 停止對應服務；--stop 不會與服務管理器爭搶生命週期。","stopCoreStillRunning":"Web 主程序已停止，但偵測到 Core 子程序仍在執行。請先檢查服務記錄，再決定是否強制結束。","stopSignalFailed":"無法向 v2rayN.WebAPI 傳送 SIGTERM。","stopTimedOut":"v2rayN.WebAPI 已收到 SIGTERM，但未能在預期時間內停止。","stopTimedOutStage":"最後觀察到的清理階段：{stage}。","stopUnsupported":"--stop 僅支援 Linux。","startFailed":"v2rayN.WebAPI 啟動失敗；請使用 --foreground 查看詳細記錄。","startUnprobeable":"v2rayN.WebAPI 無法在背景啟動：目前監聽設定沒有可供驗證執行個體身分的回送 HTTP 健康端點（例如僅 HTTPS 或僅繫結非回送位址）。請改用 --foreground 執行。","existingUnhealthy":"偵測到相同資料目錄的執行個體正在啟動，但尚未就緒；請稍後重試。","instanceInUse":"相同資料目錄下已有 v2rayN.WebAPI 執行個體正在執行。","help":"v2rayN.WebAPI - v2rayN 的 Web API 服務（無介面）\n\n用法：v2rayN.WebAPI [選項]\n\n選項：\n  --foreground        前台執行；Ctrl+C 可安全停止，記錄直接輸出到終端\n  --background        背景執行並脫離終端（Linux 終端下的預設行為）\n  --no-open           啟動時不自動開啟瀏覽器\n  --stop              停止同一資料目錄下正在執行的執行個體（僅 Linux）\n  --help, -h          顯示本說明並結束\n\n其餘參數（例如 --urls http://0.0.0.0:5080）會原樣傳遞給 Web 主機。\n\n常用設定（環境變數，可寫入執行檔同目錄的 .env 檔案）：\n  V2RAYN_WEB_API_KEY          管理金鑰；監聽非 127.0.0.1 位址時必填\n  ASPNETCORE_URLS             監聽位址，預設 http://127.0.0.1:5080\n  V2RAYN_WEB_ALLOWED_ORIGINS  允許跨來源的來源清單\n  V2RAYN_WEB_AUTOSTART=true   啟動 Web 服務時自動啟動 Core\n  V2RAYN_WEB_PROXY_PORT       本機代理連接埠（供更新檢查等使用）\n\n文件：https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/tree/master/v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI"}}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/NativeWebRestorePreflight.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Contracts;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+public sealed record NativeWebRestoreReplacement(
+    Uri HealthUri,
+    WebReplacementCommand Command,
+    bool CoreWasRunning);
+
+public sealed record NativeWebRestorePreflightResult(
+    bool Allowed,
+    WebLifecycleOwner Owner,
+    NativeWebRestoreReplacement? Replacement,
+    string? FailureCode = null,
+    string? MessageKey = null)
+{
+    public OperationView ToFailureOperation()
+    {
+        if (Allowed || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(FailureCode) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MessageKey))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("A successful native restore preflight has no failure response.");
+        }
+
+        return OperationView.Fail(FailureCode, MessageKey);
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Resolves everything needed to safely restart a native restore before Core or config state
+/// is touched. Supervised deployments deliberately leave restart ownership to their supervisor.
+/// </summary>
+public static class NativeWebRestorePreflight
+{
+    public static NativeWebRestorePreflightResult Evaluate(
+        IConfiguration configuration,
+        bool isLinux,
+        bool isWindows,
+        bool externalSupervisor,
+        bool containerEnvironment,
+        string? setsidPath,
+        string? processPath,
+        string? managedEntryPoint,
+        IEnumerable<string> hostArguments,
+        Func<string, bool>? fileExists = null,
+        Func<string, bool>? isUnixExecutable = null,
+        bool coreWasRunning = false)
+    {
+        var lifecycle = WebLifecyclePlanner.Create(
+            WebLifecycleAction.RestoreAndRestart,
+            supportsNativeRestart: isLinux || isWindows,
+            daemonEnvironment: externalSupervisor,
+            containerEnvironment);
+        if (lifecycle.Owner != WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess)
+        {
+            return new(true, lifecycle.Owner, null);
+        }
+
+        if (!WebProbeUriResolver.TryResolve(configuration, out var endpoints))
+        {
+            return Refused(
+                WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+                "backup_restore_health_probe_unavailable",
+                ApiMessageKeys.BackupRestoreProbeUnavailable);
+        }
+
+        var exists = fileExists ?? File.Exists;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(processPath) || !exists(processPath))
+        {
+            return Refused(
+                WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+                "backup_restore_executable_unavailable",
+                ApiMessageKeys.BackupRestoreExecutableUnavailable);
+        }
+
+        var isDotnet = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(processPath)
+            .Equals("dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+        if (isDotnet
+            && (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(managedEntryPoint)
+                || !managedEntryPoint.EndsWith(".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                || !exists(managedEntryPoint)))
+        {
+            return Refused(
+                WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+                "backup_restore_executable_unavailable",
+                ApiMessageKeys.BackupRestoreExecutableUnavailable);
+        }
+
+        if (isLinux)
+        {
+            var executable = isUnixExecutable ?? IsUnixExecutable;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(setsidPath)
+                || !exists(setsidPath)
+                || !executable(setsidPath))
+            {
+                return Refused(
+                    WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+                    "backup_restore_setsid_unavailable",
+                    ApiMessageKeys.BackupRestoreSetSidUnavailable);
+            }
+        }
+
+        WebReplacementCommand? command;
+        try
+        {
+            command = WebReplacementCommand.CreateNative(
+                isLinux,
+                isWindows,
+                setsidPath,
+                processPath,
+                managedEntryPoint,
+                hostArguments);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is ArgumentException or IOException or NotSupportedException)
+        {
+            command = null;
+        }
+
+        if (command is null)
+        {
+            return Refused(
+                WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+                "backup_restore_executable_unavailable",
+                ApiMessageKeys.BackupRestoreExecutableUnavailable);
+        }
+
+        return new(true, WebLifecycleOwner.NativeProcess,
+            new NativeWebRestoreReplacement(endpoints.HealthUri, command, coreWasRunning));
+    }
+
+    private static NativeWebRestorePreflightResult Refused(
+        WebLifecycleOwner owner,
+        string code,
+        string messageKey) => new(false, owner, null, code, messageKey);
+
+    private static bool IsUnixExecutable(string path)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            const UnixFileMode executeBits = UnixFileMode.UserExecute
+                | UnixFileMode.GroupExecute
+                | UnixFileMode.OtherExecute;
+            return (File.GetUnixFileMode(path) & executeBits) != 0;
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException or PlatformNotSupportedException)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/NativeWebUpdateHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,824 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using ServiceLib.Common;
+using v2rayN.WebAPI.Services;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+internal sealed record NativeWebUpdatePlan(
+    string InstallDirectory,
+    string CandidateDirectory,
+    string BackupDirectory,
+    string InstanceLockPath,
+    string HealthUri,
+    string[] HostArguments,
+    string ExpectedVersion,
+    string ExpectedCommit,
+    string Rid,
+    string PreviousVersion,
+    string RuntimeIntentPath,
+    string ProgressPath,
+    bool CoreWasRunning = false);
+
+internal sealed record WebUpdateProgressState(
+    string Phase,
+    bool IsComplete,
+    bool Success,
+    string? Version,
+    string? Detail,
+    bool? RollbackSucceeded = null,
+    bool CoreWasRunning = false);
+
+internal static class NativeWebUpdateHelper
+{
+    private static readonly TimeSpan OwnerReleaseTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(45);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan HealthTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan PollInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan FileReplaceRetryWindow = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan FileReplaceRetryDelay = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250);
+    private const string IsolatedHelperPrefix = ".v2rayn-WebAPI-update-helper-";
+
+    public static async Task<int> RunAsync(string planPath)
+    {
+        var executable = Environment.ProcessPath;
+        try
+        {
+            return await RunCoreAsync(planPath);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ScheduleWindowsHelperCleanup(executable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<int> RunCoreAsync(string planPath)
+    {
+        NativeWebUpdatePlan? plan = null;
+        try
+        {
+            plan = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<NativeWebUpdatePlan>(await File.ReadAllTextAsync(planPath), JsonOptions);
+            ValidatePlan(plan);
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux() && Path.GetFileName(Environment.ProcessPath) == "v2rayN.WebAPI")
+            {
+                return RunFromIsolatedBundle(planPath, Environment.ProcessPath!);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException or JsonException or InvalidDataException or ArgumentException or InvalidOperationException or System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not prepare the native Web update: {exception.Message}");
+            var previousRestarted = false;
+            if (plan is not null && CanRestartPreviousWithoutApplying(plan))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("rolling-back", false, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                        "The update could not be prepared; restarting the unchanged application."));
+                    using var oldProcess = StartWebInstance(plan);
+                    previousRestarted = await WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(plan, oldProcess, plan.PreviousVersion, HealthTimeout);
+                    if (!previousRestarted) StopOwnedProcess(oldProcess, plan.InstanceLockPath);
+                    if (previousRestarted) DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+                }
+                catch (Exception restartException)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not restart the unchanged Web application: {restartException.Message}");
+                }
+                WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("failed", true, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                    previousRestarted
+                        ? $"The update could not be prepared ({exception.Message}); the unchanged Web build is healthy."
+                        : $"The update could not be prepared ({exception.Message}); the unchanged Web build could not be verified.",
+                    previousRestarted));
+            }
+            TryDeleteFile(planPath);
+            return previousRestarted ? 1 : 2;
+        }
+
+        Process? windowsOwnerProcess;
+        try
+        {
+            windowsOwnerProcess = CaptureWindowsOwnerProcess(plan!);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is InvalidDataException or IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not identify the previous Windows Web process: {exception.Message}");
+            DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan!.RuntimeIntentPath);
+            TryDeleteDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("failed", true, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                "The previous Windows Web process could not be identified; the installed application was not modified."));
+            TryDeleteFile(planPath);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        using var ownedWindowsProcess = windowsOwnerProcess;
+        WriteProgress(plan!, new WebUpdateProgressState("waiting", false, false, plan!.ExpectedVersion,
+            "Waiting for the previous Web instance to stop gracefully."));
+        if (!await WaitForLockReleaseAsync(plan.InstanceLockPath, OwnerReleaseTimeout))
+        {
+            DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+            TryDeleteDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("failed", true, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                "The previous Web instance did not release its instance lock; the old application was not modified.", false));
+            TryDeleteFile(planPath);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (windowsOwnerProcess is not null
+            && !await WaitForProcessExitAsync(windowsOwnerProcess, OwnerReleaseTimeout))
+        {
+            DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+            TryDeleteDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("failed", true, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                "The previous Windows Web process did not exit after releasing its instance lock; the old application was not modified.", false));
+            TryDeleteFile(planPath);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        var backupCreated = false;
+        Process? replacementProcess = null;
+        try
+        {
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("installing", false, false, plan.ExpectedVersion, null));
+            CopyCurrentAppToBackup(plan);
+            backupCreated = true;
+            var transaction = await NativeWebUpdateWorkflow.ApplyAsync(
+                () =>
+                {
+                    SwapCandidateAppIntoPlace(plan);
+                    return Task.CompletedTask;
+                },
+                async () =>
+                {
+                    replacementProcess = StartWebInstance(plan);
+                    var healthy = await WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(plan, replacementProcess, plan.ExpectedVersion, HealthTimeout);
+                    if (!healthy) StopOwnedProcess(replacementProcess, plan.InstanceLockPath);
+                    return healthy;
+                },
+                () =>
+                {
+                    StopOwnedProcess(replacementProcess, plan.InstanceLockPath);
+                    RestorePreviousApp(plan);
+                    return Task.CompletedTask;
+                },
+                async () =>
+                {
+                    replacementProcess = StartWebInstance(plan);
+                    var healthy = await WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(plan, replacementProcess, plan.PreviousVersion, HealthTimeout);
+                    if (!healthy) StopOwnedProcess(replacementProcess, plan.InstanceLockPath);
+                    return healthy;
+                },
+                phase => WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState(phase, false, false, plan.ExpectedVersion, null)),
+                () =>
+                {
+                    TryDeleteDirectory(plan.BackupDirectory);
+                    TryDeleteDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+                    return Task.CompletedTask;
+                });
+
+            if (transaction.Success || transaction.RollbackSucceeded)
+                DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState(
+                transaction.Success ? "completed" : "failed",
+                true,
+                transaction.Success,
+                plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                transaction.Success
+                    ? "The new v2rayN.WebAPI build is healthy."
+                    : transaction.RollbackSucceeded
+                        ? transaction.Detail
+                        : $"{transaction.Detail} Previous application backup retained at {plan.BackupDirectory}.",
+                transaction.RollbackSucceeded));
+            return transaction.Success ? 0 : transaction.RollbackSucceeded ? 1 : 2;
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Native Web update failed: {exception}");
+            StopOwnedProcess(replacementProcess, plan.InstanceLockPath);
+            var rollbackSucceeded = false;
+            if (backupCreated)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    RestorePreviousApp(plan);
+                    var restoredProcess = StartWebInstance(plan);
+                    rollbackSucceeded = await WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(plan, restoredProcess, plan.PreviousVersion, HealthTimeout);
+                    if (rollbackSucceeded)
+                    {
+                        DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+                        TryDeleteDirectory(plan.BackupDirectory);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception rollbackException)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"Native Web update rollback failed: {rollbackException}");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    var restoredProcess = StartWebInstance(plan);
+                    rollbackSucceeded = await WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(plan, restoredProcess, plan.PreviousVersion, HealthTimeout);
+                    if (rollbackSucceeded) DeleteRuntimeIntent(plan.RuntimeIntentPath);
+                }
+                catch (Exception restartException)
+                {
+                    Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not restart the unchanged Web application: {restartException}");
+                }
+                TryDeleteDirectory(plan.BackupDirectory);
+                TryDeleteDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+            }
+            WriteProgress(plan, new WebUpdateProgressState("failed", true, false, plan.ExpectedVersion,
+                rollbackSucceeded
+                    ? $"{exception.Message} The previous Web build was restored and is healthy."
+                    : $"{exception.Message} The previous Web build could not be confirmed healthy; backup: {plan.BackupDirectory}.",
+                rollbackSucceeded));
+            return rollbackSucceeded ? 1 : 2;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            replacementProcess?.Dispose();
+            TryDeleteFile(planPath);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int RunFromIsolatedBundle(string planPath, string executable)
+    {
+        var helperPath = CreateIsolatedHelperExecutable(executable);
+        try
+        {
+            // The worker must keep an unchanged executable path for the entire
+            // transaction: the single-file loader resolves assemblies lazily
+            // from that path, even after the application executable is swapped.
+            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = helperPath,
+                WorkingDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(helperPath)!,
+                UseShellExecute = false,
+                CreateNoWindow = true,
+            };
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("--apply-WebAPI-update");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(planPath);
+            using var worker = Process.Start(startInfo)
+                ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("The isolated native Web update helper could not be started.");
+            worker.WaitForExit();
+            return worker.ExitCode;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // The outer helper waits for exit before deleting the bundle. The
+            // worker never deletes its own executable while it can still load it.
+            TryDeleteFile(helperPath);
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static string CreateIsolatedHelperExecutable(string executable)
+    {
+        if (new FileInfo(executable).LinkTarget is not null)
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The native update helper cannot be copied from a symlink.");
+        var extension = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? ".exe" : string.Empty;
+        var helperPath = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Path.GetFullPath(executable))!,
+            $"{IsolatedHelperPrefix}{Guid.NewGuid():N}{extension}");
+        try
+        {
+            File.Copy(executable, helperPath, overwrite: false);
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+                File.SetUnixFileMode(helperPath, UnixFileMode.UserRead | UnixFileMode.UserWrite | UnixFileMode.UserExecute);
+            return helperPath;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            TryDeleteFile(helperPath);
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static bool IsUpdateHelperExecutableName(string name)
+    {
+        if (name is "v2rayN.WebAPI" or "v2rayN.WebAPI.exe") return true;
+        return IsIsolatedHelperExecutableName(name);
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsIsolatedHelperExecutableName(string name)
+    {
+        var helperName = name.EndsWith(".exe", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ? name[..^4] : name;
+        return helperName.StartsWith(IsolatedHelperPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            && Guid.TryParseExact(helperName[IsolatedHelperPrefix.Length..], "N", out _);
+    }
+
+    internal static void ScheduleWindowsHelperCleanup(string? executable)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows() || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(executable)
+            || !Path.GetFileName(executable).StartsWith(IsolatedHelperPrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var powershell = Path.Combine(
+                Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.System),
+                "WindowsPowerShell", "v1.0", "powershell.exe");
+            var escapedPath = Path.GetFullPath(executable).Replace("'", "''", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+            var script = $"$targetPid={Environment.ProcessId};$targetPath='{escapedPath}';"
+                + "for($i=0;$i -lt 600;$i++){if(-not(Get-Process -Id $targetPid -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)){break};Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 100};"
+                + "Remove-Item -LiteralPath $targetPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue";
+            var encoded = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(script));
+            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = powershell,
+                WorkingDirectory = Path.GetTempPath(),
+                UseShellExecute = true,
+                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
+            };
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("-NoLogo");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("-NoProfile");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("-NonInteractive");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("-ExecutionPolicy");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("Bypass");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add("-EncodedCommand");
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(encoded);
+            Process.Start(startInfo)?.Dispose();
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException
+            or InvalidOperationException or System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not schedule cleanup of the Windows update helper: {exception.Message}");
+            _ = MoveFileEx(Path.GetFullPath(executable), null, MoveFileDelayUntilReboot);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private const int MoveFileDelayUntilReboot = 0x00000004;
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern bool MoveFileEx(string existingFileName, string? newFileName, int flags);
+
+    private static void ValidatePlan(NativeWebUpdatePlan? plan)
+    {
+        var isLinux = OperatingSystem.IsLinux();
+        var isWindows = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+        var isManagedLinuxService = isLinux && LauncherEnvironment.IsSystemdManagedDeployment();
+        if ((!isLinux && !isWindows) || plan is null
+            || File.Exists("/.dockerenv") || File.Exists("/run/.containerenv")
+            || !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("container"))
+            || !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER"))
+            || isManagedLinuxService
+            || !WebUpdatePackageStager.IsValidVersion(plan.ExpectedVersion)
+            || !WebUpdatePackageStager.IsValidVersion(plan.PreviousVersion)
+            || !WebUpdatePackageStager.IsSupportedRid(plan.Rid)
+            || plan.Rid != System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation.RuntimeIdentifier
+            || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(plan.ExpectedCommit)
+            || !WebProbeUriResolver.IsProbeableLoopbackUri(plan.HealthUri))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The update plan has an unsupported target or identity.");
+        }
+
+        var executable = Environment.ProcessPath
+            ?? throw new InvalidDataException("The update helper process path is unavailable.");
+        var install = Path.GetFullPath(plan.InstallDirectory);
+        var executableName = WebUpdatePackageStager.ExecutableNameForRid(plan.Rid);
+        var processFileName = Path.GetFileName(executable);
+        var pathComparison = isWindows ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal;
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(Path.GetDirectoryName(executable) ?? string.Empty), install, pathComparison)
+            || !IsUpdateHelperExecutableName(processFileName)
+            || (isWindows && !IsIsolatedHelperExecutableName(processFileName))
+            || new FileInfo(executable).LinkTarget is not null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The update plan does not target this native v2rayN.WebAPI installation.");
+        }
+        var parent = Path.GetDirectoryName(install)
+            ?? throw new InvalidDataException("The installation directory has no parent.");
+        EnsureSiblingDirectory(plan.CandidateDirectory, parent, ".v2rayn-WebAPI-candidate-");
+        EnsureSiblingDirectory(plan.BackupDirectory, parent, ".v2rayn-WebAPI-backup-");
+        if (!Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.InstanceLockPath)
+            || !Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.RuntimeIntentPath)
+            || !Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.ProgressPath)
+            || !string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.InstanceLockPath),
+                Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(Utils.StartupPath(), "v2rayN.WebAPI.instance.lock")), pathComparison)
+            || !string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.RuntimeIntentPath),
+                Path.GetFullPath(V2rayRuntime.WebUpdateRuntimeStatePath), pathComparison)
+            || !string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.ProgressPath),
+                Path.GetFullPath(Utils.GetTempPath("WebAPI-update-progress.json")), pathComparison)
+            || !Directory.Exists(plan.CandidateDirectory)
+            || !File.Exists(Path.Combine(plan.CandidateDirectory, executableName))
+            || !File.Exists(Path.Combine(plan.CandidateDirectory, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json")))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The update plan paths or staged application files are invalid.");
+        }
+        EnsureNoLinks(plan.CandidateDirectory);
+        WebUpdatePackageStager.RequireNativeExecutable(Path.Combine(plan.CandidateDirectory, executableName), plan.Rid);
+        var identity = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<WebUpdatePackageIdentity>(
+            File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(plan.CandidateDirectory, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json")), JsonOptions);
+        if (identity is null || identity.Product != "v2rayN.WebAPI"
+            || identity.Version != plan.ExpectedVersion || identity.Commit != plan.ExpectedCommit
+            || identity.Rid != plan.Rid)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The staged executable identity does not match the verified update plan.");
+        }
+        var writableProbe = Path.Combine(install, $".v2rayn-WebAPI-helper-write-probe-{Guid.NewGuid():N}");
+        using (new FileStream(writableProbe, FileMode.CreateNew, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None)) { }
+        File.Delete(writableProbe);
+        if (new DirectoryInfo(install).LinkTarget is not null
+            || new FileInfo(Path.Combine(install, executableName)).LinkTarget is not null)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("Self-update is disabled for symlink-managed installations.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool CanRestartPreviousWithoutApplying(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var executable = Environment.ProcessPath;
+            var isLinux = OperatingSystem.IsLinux();
+            var isWindows = OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
+            var pathComparison = isWindows ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal;
+            return (isLinux || isWindows)
+                && (!isLinux || !LauncherEnvironment.IsSystemdManagedDeployment())
+                && !File.Exists("/.dockerenv")
+                && !File.Exists("/run/.containerenv")
+                && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("container"))
+                && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER"))
+                && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(executable)
+                && IsUpdateHelperExecutableName(Path.GetFileName(executable))
+                && new FileInfo(executable).LinkTarget is null
+                && string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(Path.GetDirectoryName(executable) ?? string.Empty),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(plan.InstallDirectory), pathComparison)
+                && Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.InstanceLockPath)
+                && Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.ProgressPath)
+                && Path.IsPathFullyQualified(plan.RuntimeIntentPath)
+                && string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.InstanceLockPath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(Utils.StartupPath(), "v2rayN.WebAPI.instance.lock")), pathComparison)
+                && string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.RuntimeIntentPath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(V2rayRuntime.WebUpdateRuntimeStatePath), pathComparison)
+                && string.Equals(Path.GetFullPath(plan.ProgressPath),
+                    Path.GetFullPath(Utils.GetTempPath("WebAPI-update-progress.json")), pathComparison)
+                && WebProbeUriResolver.IsProbeableLoopbackUri(plan.HealthUri)
+                && WebUpdatePackageStager.IsValidVersion(plan.PreviousVersion)
+                && plan.HostArguments is not null
+                && !plan.HostArguments.Any(argument => argument is "--stop" or "--apply-WebAPI-update" or "--background" or "--background-child");
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is ArgumentException or IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureSiblingDirectory(string value, string parent, string prefix)
+    {
+        var full = Path.GetFullPath(value);
+        var comparison = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase : StringComparison.Ordinal;
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetDirectoryName(full), parent, comparison)
+            || !Path.GetFileName(full).StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("A staged update directory is outside the installation parent.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Windows can transiently deny replacing a freshly written executable while
+    // antivirus or the search indexer holds it open. Retry for a bounded window so
+    // a transient lock cannot fail the update or its rollback; permanent failures
+    // surface with the operation and cause instead of a bare access-denied code.
+    internal static void WithTransientFileRetry(
+        Action operation,
+        string description,
+        TimeSpan? retryWindow = null,
+        TimeSpan? retryDelay = null)
+    {
+        var window = retryWindow ?? FileReplaceRetryWindow;
+        var delay = retryDelay ?? FileReplaceRetryDelay;
+        var deadline = DateTime.UtcNow + window;
+        while (true)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                operation();
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+            {
+                if (DateTime.UtcNow >= deadline)
+                {
+                    throw new IOException(
+                        $"{description} failed after retrying for {window.TotalSeconds:0.#}s: {exception.Message}",
+                        exception);
+                }
+
+                Thread.Sleep(delay);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static void CopyCurrentAppToBackup(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        var executableName = WebUpdatePackageStager.ExecutableNameForRid(plan.Rid);
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(plan.BackupDirectory);
+        if (new FileInfo(Path.Combine(plan.InstallDirectory, executableName)).LinkTarget is not null)
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The installed Web executable is a symlink and cannot be transactionally replaced.");
+        File.Copy(Path.Combine(plan.InstallDirectory, executableName), Path.Combine(plan.BackupDirectory, executableName));
+        var oldIdentity = Path.Combine(plan.InstallDirectory, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json");
+        if (File.Exists(oldIdentity))
+        {
+            if (new FileInfo(oldIdentity).LinkTarget is not null)
+                throw new InvalidDataException("The installed Web build identity is a symlink.");
+            File.Copy(oldIdentity, Path.Combine(plan.BackupDirectory, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static void SwapCandidateAppIntoPlace(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        var install = plan.InstallDirectory;
+        var candidate = plan.CandidateDirectory;
+        var executableName = WebUpdatePackageStager.ExecutableNameForRid(plan.Rid);
+        var installedExecutable = Path.Combine(install, executableName);
+        var installedIdentity = Path.Combine(install, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json");
+
+        WithTransientFileRetry(
+            () => File.Move(Path.Combine(candidate, executableName), installedExecutable, overwrite: true),
+            $"Replacing the installed Web executable '{installedExecutable}'");
+        WithTransientFileRetry(
+            () => File.Move(Path.Combine(candidate, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json"), installedIdentity, overwrite: true),
+            $"Replacing the installed Web build identity '{installedIdentity}'");
+        SetExecutableMode(installedExecutable);
+    }
+
+    internal static void RestorePreviousApp(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        var install = plan.InstallDirectory;
+        var backup = plan.BackupDirectory;
+        var executableName = WebUpdatePackageStager.ExecutableNameForRid(plan.Rid);
+        if (!Directory.Exists(backup)) throw new DirectoryNotFoundException("The previous Web application backup is missing.");
+
+        var previousIdentity = Path.Combine(backup, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json");
+        var restoredExecutable = Path.Combine(install, $".v2rayn-WebAPI-restore-{Guid.NewGuid():N}{Path.GetExtension(executableName)}");
+        var restoredIdentity = restoredExecutable + ".build.json";
+        var installedExecutable = Path.Combine(install, executableName);
+        var installedIdentity = Path.Combine(install, "v2rayN.WebAPI.build.json");
+        try
+        {
+            // Never truncate an executable inode: the single-file helper may still
+            // have bundled assemblies mapped from it. Restore by atomic rename,
+            // just like the forward swap, so existing mappings remain unchanged.
+            WithTransientFileRetry(
+                () => File.Copy(Path.Combine(backup, executableName), restoredExecutable),
+                $"Staging the previous Web executable '{restoredExecutable}'");
+            if (File.Exists(previousIdentity))
+            {
+                WithTransientFileRetry(
+                    () => File.Copy(previousIdentity, restoredIdentity),
+                    $"Staging the previous Web build identity '{restoredIdentity}'");
+            }
+
+            SetExecutableMode(restoredExecutable);
+            WithTransientFileRetry(
+                () => File.Move(restoredExecutable, installedExecutable, overwrite: true),
+                $"Restoring the previous Web executable '{installedExecutable}'");
+            if (File.Exists(restoredIdentity))
+            {
+                WithTransientFileRetry(
+                    () => File.Move(restoredIdentity, installedIdentity, overwrite: true),
+                    $"Restoring the previous Web build identity '{installedIdentity}'");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                TryDeleteFile(installedIdentity);
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            TryDeleteFile(restoredExecutable);
+            TryDeleteFile(restoredIdentity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Process StartWebInstance(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        var executable = Path.Combine(plan.InstallDirectory, WebUpdatePackageStager.ExecutableNameForRid(plan.Rid));
+        ProcessStartInfo startInfo;
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            var setsid = LinuxXdgBrowserOpener.FindExecutable("setsid")
+                ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("The setsid executable is required for a detached native Web restart.");
+            startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = setsid,
+                WorkingDirectory = plan.InstallDirectory,
+                UseShellExecute = false,
+                CreateNoWindow = true,
+            };
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(executable);
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(WebLaunchOptions.BackgroundChildFlag);
+        }
+        else if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = executable,
+                WorkingDirectory = plan.InstallDirectory,
+                UseShellExecute = true,
+                WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
+            };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("Native Web self-update is supported on Linux and Windows x64.");
+        }
+        foreach (var argument in plan.HostArguments) startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(argument);
+        return Process.Start(startInfo) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not start the updated Web application.");
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<bool> WaitForExpectedHealthAsync(
+        NativeWebUpdatePlan plan,
+        Process process,
+        string expectedVersion,
+        TimeSpan timeout)
+    {
+        var healthProbe = new HttpWebHealthProbe();
+        var healthUri = new Uri(plan.HealthUri);
+        var deadline = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow + timeout;
+        int? lastOwnerProcessId = null;
+        var lastHealth = new WebHealthProbeResult(false, null);
+        var lastRuntimeIntentSatisfied = false;
+        while (DateTimeOffset.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            if (WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(plan.InstanceLockPath))
+            {
+                lastOwnerProcessId = WebInstanceLock.ReadOwnerProcessId(plan.InstanceLockPath);
+                lastHealth = await healthProbe.ProbeAsync(healthUri, CancellationToken.None);
+                lastRuntimeIntentSatisfied = RuntimeIntentIsSatisfied(plan.RuntimeIntentPath, lastHealth);
+                if (lastOwnerProcessId.HasValue && lastHealth.IsHealthy && lastHealth.InstanceProcessId == lastOwnerProcessId
+                    && string.Equals(lastHealth.WebVersion, expectedVersion, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+                    && lastRuntimeIntentSatisfied)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (process.HasExited && !WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(plan.InstanceLockPath))
+            {
+                WriteHealthMismatchDiagnostic(plan, expectedVersion, lastOwnerProcessId, lastHealth, lastRuntimeIntentSatisfied);
+                return false;
+            }
+            await Task.Delay(PollInterval);
+        }
+        WriteHealthMismatchDiagnostic(plan, expectedVersion, lastOwnerProcessId, lastHealth, lastRuntimeIntentSatisfied);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteHealthMismatchDiagnostic(
+        NativeWebUpdatePlan plan,
+        string expectedVersion,
+        int? ownerProcessId,
+        WebHealthProbeResult health,
+        bool runtimeIntentSatisfied) =>
+        Console.Error.WriteLine(
+            $"Native Web update health mismatch: expectedVersion={expectedVersion}; lockOwner={ownerProcessId}; "
+            + $"healthy={health.IsHealthy}; healthPid={health.InstanceProcessId}; observedVersion={health.WebVersion}; "
+            + $"coreState={health.CoreState}; corePids={string.Join(',', health.CoreProcessIds ?? [])}; "
+            + $"runtimeIntentSatisfied={runtimeIntentSatisfied}; progress={plan.ProgressPath}.");
+
+    private static bool RuntimeIntentIsSatisfied(string intentPath, WebHealthProbeResult health)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            if (!File.Exists(intentPath)) return false;
+            var intent = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<RuntimeRestartIntent>(File.ReadAllText(intentPath), JsonOptions);
+            return intent is not null && NativeWebUpdateWorkflow.RuntimeIntentIsSatisfied(intent, health);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException or JsonException)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<bool> WaitForLockReleaseAsync(string lockPath, TimeSpan timeout)
+    {
+        var deadline = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow + timeout;
+        while (DateTimeOffset.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            if (!WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(lockPath)) return true;
+            await Task.Delay(PollInterval);
+        }
+        return !WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(lockPath);
+    }
+
+    private static Process? CaptureWindowsOwnerProcess(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan)
+    {
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsWindows() || !WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(plan.InstanceLockPath)) return null;
+        var ownerProcessId = WebInstanceLock.ReadOwnerProcessId(plan.InstanceLockPath)
+            ?? throw new InvalidDataException("The running Windows Web process identity could not be read from its instance lock.");
+        try
+        {
+            return Process.GetProcessById(ownerProcessId);
+        }
+        catch (ArgumentException exception)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The running Windows Web process no longer matches its instance lock.", exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<bool> WaitForProcessExitAsync(Process process, TimeSpan timeout)
+    {
+        var deadline = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow + timeout;
+        while (DateTimeOffset.UtcNow < deadline)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (process.HasExited) return true;
+            }
+            catch (InvalidOperationException)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            await Task.Delay(PollInterval);
+        }
+        try { return process.HasExited; }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException) { return true; }
+    }
+
+    private static void StopOwnedProcess(Process? process, string lockPath)
+    {
+        if (process is null) return;
+        try
+        {
+            if (process.HasExited) return;
+            if (WebInstanceLock.ReadOwnerProcessId(lockPath) == process.Id)
+            {
+                process.Kill(entireProcessTree: true);
+                process.WaitForExit(5000);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is InvalidOperationException or System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception)
+        {
+            // The managed update child may exit during health verification.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void SetExecutableMode(string path)
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            File.SetUnixFileMode(path,
+                UnixFileMode.UserRead | UnixFileMode.UserWrite | UnixFileMode.UserExecute
+                | UnixFileMode.GroupRead | UnixFileMode.GroupExecute
+                | UnixFileMode.OtherRead | UnixFileMode.OtherExecute);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void EnsureNoLinks(string directory)
+    {
+        if (new DirectoryInfo(directory).LinkTarget is not null)
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The staged update directory is a symlink.");
+        foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(directory, "*", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly))
+        {
+            if (new FileInfo(file).LinkTarget is not null)
+                throw new InvalidDataException("The staged Web update contains a symbolic link.");
+        }
+        foreach (var childDirectory in Directory.EnumerateDirectories(directory, "*", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly))
+        {
+            if (new DirectoryInfo(childDirectory).LinkTarget is not null)
+                throw new InvalidDataException("The staged Web update contains a symbolic link.");
+            EnsureNoLinks(childDirectory);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void WriteProgress(NativeWebUpdatePlan plan, WebUpdateProgressState state)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var temporary = plan.ProgressPath + $".{Environment.ProcessId}.tmp";
+            File.WriteAllText(temporary, JsonSerializer.Serialize(state with { CoreWasRunning = plan.CoreWasRunning }, JsonOptions));
+            File.Move(temporary, plan.ProgressPath, overwrite: true);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not persist native Web update progress: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void DeleteRuntimeIntent(string path) => TryDeleteFile(path);
+
+    private static void TryDeleteDirectory(string path)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            if (Directory.Exists(path)) Directory.Delete(path, recursive: true);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not clean a Web update directory {path}: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void TryDeleteFile(string path)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(path)) File.Delete(path);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is IOException or UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"Could not clean a Web update file {path}: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new(JsonSerializerDefaults.Web);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/NativeWebUpdateWorkflow.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+internal sealed record NativeWebUpdateTransactionResult(bool Success, bool RollbackSucceeded, string? Detail);
+
+internal static class NativeWebUpdateWorkflow
+{
+    public static bool RuntimeIntentIsSatisfied(v2rayN.WebAPI.Services.RuntimeRestartIntent intent, WebHealthProbeResult health)
+    {
+        var hasCore = (health.CoreProcessIds?.Count ?? 0) > 0;
+        if (!intent.WasRunning)
+            return string.Equals(health.CoreState, "stopped", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && !hasCore;
+        return string.Equals(health.CoreState, "running", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            && hasCore
+            && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(health.CoreProfileId);
+    }
+
+    public static async Task<NativeWebUpdateTransactionResult> ApplyAsync(
+        Func<Task> installCandidateAsync,
+        Func<Task<bool>> startCandidateAndVerifyHealthAsync,
+        Func<Task> restorePreviousFilesAsync,
+        Func<Task<bool>> startPreviousAndVerifyHealthAsync,
+        Action<string> setPhase,
+        Func<Task> cleanBackupsAsync)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            setPhase("installing");
+            await installCandidateAsync();
+            setPhase("restarting");
+            setPhase("verifying-health");
+            if (await startCandidateAndVerifyHealthAsync())
+            {
+                await cleanBackupsAsync();
+                return new(true, false, null);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception installException)
+        {
+            setPhase("rolling-back");
+            return await TryRestoreAndVerifyAsync(
+                restorePreviousFilesAsync,
+                startPreviousAndVerifyHealthAsync,
+                cleanBackupsAsync,
+                setPhase,
+                installException.Message);
+        }
+
+        setPhase("rolling-back");
+        return await TryRestoreAndVerifyAsync(
+            restorePreviousFilesAsync,
+            startPreviousAndVerifyHealthAsync,
+            cleanBackupsAsync,
+            setPhase,
+            "The new Web application did not become healthy.");
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<NativeWebUpdateTransactionResult> TryRestoreAndVerifyAsync(
+        Func<Task> restorePreviousFilesAsync,
+        Func<Task<bool>> startPreviousAndVerifyHealthAsync,
+        Func<Task> cleanBackupsAsync,
+        Action<string> setPhase,
+        string failure)
+    {
+        string? restoreFailure = null;
+        try
+        {
+            await restorePreviousFilesAsync();
+        }
+        catch (Exception rollbackException)
+        {
+            restoreFailure = rollbackException.Message;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            setPhase("restarting");
+            setPhase("verifying-health");
+            if (!await startPreviousAndVerifyHealthAsync())
+                return new(false, false, $"{failure} The previous Web build did not become healthy. {restoreFailure}");
+            if (restoreFailure is not null)
+                return new(false, false, $"{failure} The previous Web process is responding, but restoring all previous app files failed: {restoreFailure}");
+            await cleanBackupsAsync();
+            return new(false, true, $"{failure} The previous Web build was restored and is healthy.");
+        }
+        catch (Exception restartException)
+        {
+            return new(false, false, $"{failure} Rollback/restart failed: {restoreFailure} {restartException.Message}");
+        }
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/WebInstanceLock.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+using System.Text;
+using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
+
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+public sealed class WebInstanceLock : IDisposable
+{
+    private readonly FileStream _stream;
+    private bool _disposed;
+
+    private WebInstanceLock(FileStream stream)
+    {
+        _stream = stream;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryAcquire(string path, bool writeOwner, out WebInstanceLock? instanceLock)
+    {
+        var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(path);
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullPath)
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Instance lock path has no parent directory.");
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+
+        FileStream stream;
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            var descriptor = Open(fullPath, OpenReadWrite | OpenCreate | OpenCloseOnExec, UserReadWriteMode);
+            if (descriptor < 0)
+            {
+                throw new IOException("Unable to open the v2rayN.WebAPI instance lock.", new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError()));
+            }
+            stream = new FileStream(new SafeFileHandle((IntPtr)descriptor, ownsHandle: true), FileAccess.ReadWrite);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            var options = new FileStreamOptions
+            {
+                Mode = FileMode.OpenOrCreate,
+                Access = FileAccess.ReadWrite,
+                // Windows uses a byte-range lock below, leaving the owner PID at the start
+                // of the file readable by the detached update helper while still excluding
+                // every competing lock acquisition.
+                Share = OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? FileShare.ReadWrite : FileShare.None,
+            };
+            try
+            {
+                stream = new FileStream(fullPath, options);
+            }
+            catch (IOException)
+            {
+                instanceLock = null;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        var acquired = OperatingSystem.IsLinux()
+            ? TryFlock(stream, LockExclusive | LockNonBlocking)
+            : OperatingSystem.IsWindows() ? TryWindowsLock(stream) : true;
+        if (!acquired)
+        {
+            stream.Dispose();
+            instanceLock = null;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            File.SetUnixFileMode(fullPath, UnixFileMode.UserRead | UnixFileMode.UserWrite);
+        }
+
+        if (writeOwner)
+        {
+            var owner = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes($"{Environment.ProcessId}\n");
+            stream.SetLength(0);
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            stream.Write(owner);
+            stream.Flush(flushToDisk: true);
+        }
+
+        instanceLock = new WebInstanceLock(stream);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static int? ReadOwnerProcessId(string path)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            string ownerText;
+            if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+            {
+                var descriptor = Open(Path.GetFullPath(path), OpenReadOnly | OpenCloseOnExec, 0);
+                if (descriptor < 0)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                using var stream = new FileStream(new SafeFileHandle((IntPtr)descriptor, ownsHandle: true), FileAccess.Read);
+                using var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.ASCII);
+                ownerText = reader.ReadToEnd().Trim();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+                {
+                    using var stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite);
+                    using var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.ASCII);
+                    ownerText = reader.ReadToEnd().Trim();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ownerText = File.ReadAllText(path, Encoding.ASCII).Trim();
+                }
+            }
+            return int.TryParse(ownerText, out var processId) && processId > 0 ? processId : null;
+        }
+        catch (IOException)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsHeld(string path)
+    {
+        if (!TryAcquire(path, writeOwner: false, out var probe))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        probe!.Dispose();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+        if (_disposed)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _disposed = true;
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            var descriptor = _stream.SafeFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle().ToInt32();
+            _ = Flock(descriptor, LockUnlock);
+        }
+        else if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            try { _stream.Unlock(WindowsLockOffset, WindowsLockLength); }
+            catch (IOException) { }
+        }
+        _stream.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private const int LockExclusive = 2;
+    private const int LockNonBlocking = 4;
+    private const int LockUnlock = 8;
+    private const int OpenReadOnly = 0;
+    private const int OpenReadWrite = 2;
+    private const int OpenCreate = 64;
+    private const int OpenCloseOnExec = 524288;
+    private const uint UserReadWriteMode = 0x180;
+    private const long WindowsLockOffset = 1024 * 1024;
+    private const long WindowsLockLength = 1;
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "open", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Open(string path, int flags, uint mode);
+
+    private static bool TryFlock(FileStream stream, int operation)
+    {
+        var descriptor = stream.SafeFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle().ToInt32();
+        if (Flock(descriptor, operation) == 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var error = Marshal.GetLastPInvokeError();
+        if (error is 11 or 35)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        throw new IOException("Unable to acquire the v2rayN.WebAPI instance lock.", new Win32Exception(error));
+    }
+
+    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
+    private static bool TryWindowsLock(FileStream stream)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            stream.Lock(WindowsLockOffset, WindowsLockLength);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (IOException)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "flock", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Flock(int fileDescriptor, int operation);
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/WebLaunchOptions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+public enum WebLaunchMode
+{
+    Stop,
+    Foreground,
+    BackgroundLauncher,
+    BackgroundChild,
+}
+
+public sealed record WebLaunchOptions(WebLaunchMode Mode, bool NoOpen, string[] HostArguments)
+{
+    public const string StopFlag = "--stop";
+    public const string ForegroundFlag = "--foreground";
+    public const string BackgroundFlag = "--background";
+    public const string NoOpenFlag = "--no-open";
+    public const string BackgroundChildFlag = "--background-child";
+    public const string HelpFlag = "--help";
+    public const string HelpShortFlag = "-h";
+
+    public static WebLaunchOptions Parse(
+        string[] arguments,
+        bool isLinux,
+        bool daemonEnvironment,
+        bool containerEnvironment,
+        bool interactiveLaunch)
+    {
+        var mode = arguments.Contains(StopFlag, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+            ? WebLaunchMode.Stop
+            : arguments.Contains(BackgroundChildFlag, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+                ? WebLaunchMode.BackgroundChild
+                : arguments.Contains(ForegroundFlag, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+                    ? WebLaunchMode.Foreground
+                    : arguments.Contains(BackgroundFlag, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+                        ? WebLaunchMode.BackgroundLauncher
+                        : isLinux && !containerEnvironment && (!daemonEnvironment || interactiveLaunch)
+                            ? WebLaunchMode.BackgroundLauncher
+                            : WebLaunchMode.Foreground;
+
+        var hostArguments = arguments
+            .Where(argument => argument is not StopFlag
+                and not ForegroundFlag
+                and not BackgroundFlag
+                and not NoOpenFlag
+                and not BackgroundChildFlag
+                and not HelpFlag
+                and not HelpShortFlag)
+            .ToArray();
+        return new WebLaunchOptions(
+            mode,
+            arguments.Contains(NoOpenFlag, StringComparer.Ordinal),
+            hostArguments);
+    }
+}
+
+public static class LauncherEnvironment
+{
+    // Set when the launch chain started in an interactive terminal and inherited
+    // by every later child, helper, and replacement process. Terminals that were
+    // started by systemd export INVOCATION_ID/JOURNAL_STREAM to everything they
+    // run, so the launch context is recorded once instead of being probed again.
+    public const string InteractiveLaunchEnvironmentVariable = "V2RAYN_WEB_INTERACTIVE_LAUNCH";
+
+    public static bool IsDaemonEnvironment(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> environment)
+    {
+        return HasValue(environment, "INVOCATION_ID")
+            || HasValue(environment, "JOURNAL_STREAM")
+            || HasValue(environment, "NOTIFY_SOCKET");
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsContainerEnvironment(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> environment) =>
+        HasValue(environment, "DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER")
+        || HasValue(environment, "container");
+
+    public static bool IsCurrentContainerEnvironment()
+    {
+        var environment = ReadCurrentEnvironment();
+        return IsContainerEnvironment(environment)
+            || File.Exists("/.dockerenv")
+            || File.Exists("/run/.containerenv");
+    }
+
+    public static bool IsInteractiveLaunchMarker(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> environment) =>
+        HasValue(environment, InteractiveLaunchEnvironmentVariable);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True when this process runs with an interactive terminal attached or the
+    /// launch chain was marked as interactive by the process that had one.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsInteractiveLaunch(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> environment) =>
+        !Console.IsInputRedirected || IsInteractiveLaunchMarker(environment);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// True when systemd markers or the service cgroup claim this process, unless
+    /// the markers merely leaked into a terminal (or its detached children),
+    /// where no external supervisor exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool IsSystemdManagedDeployment()
+    {
+        if (WebStopper.IsManagedBySystemd(Environment.ProcessId))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        var environment = ReadCurrentEnvironment();
+        return IsDaemonEnvironment(environment) && !IsInteractiveLaunch(environment);
+    }
+
+    public static Dictionary<string, string?> ReadCurrentEnvironment() =>
+        Environment.GetEnvironmentVariables()
+            .Cast<System.Collections.DictionaryEntry>()
+            .ToDictionary(entry => (string)entry.Key, entry => entry.Value?.ToString(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+    private static bool HasValue(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string?> environment, string key) =>
+        environment.TryGetValue(key, out var value) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value);
+}
+
+public enum LauncherLocale
+{
+    SimplifiedChinese,
+    TraditionalChinese,
+    English,
+}
+
+public static class LauncherMessages
+{
+    private static readonly System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> MessageCache = new(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
+    public static LauncherLocale ResolveLocale(params string?[] localeValues)
+    {
+        var locale = localeValues.FirstOrDefault(value => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value)) ?? string.Empty;
+        var normalized = locale.Replace('_', '-');
+        if (normalized.StartsWith("zh-TW", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            || normalized.StartsWith("zh-HK", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            || normalized.StartsWith("zh-MO", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            || normalized.StartsWith("zh-Hant", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return LauncherLocale.TraditionalChinese;
+        }
+
+        return normalized.StartsWith("zh", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            ? LauncherLocale.SimplifiedChinese
+            : LauncherLocale.English;
+    }
+
+    public static string Started(string url, string command, LauncherLocale locale) =>
+        Format("started", locale, url, command);
+
+    public static string AlreadyRunning(string url, string command, bool browserOpened, LauncherLocale locale) =>
+        Format(browserOpened ? "alreadyRunningOpening" : "alreadyRunning", locale, url, command);
+
+    public static string ForegroundStarted(string url, LauncherLocale locale) => Format("foregroundStarted", locale, url);
+
+    public static string StopMessage(WebStopResult result, LauncherLocale locale, string? lastStage = null)
+    {
+        var message = Get(result switch
+        {
+            WebStopResult.NotRunning => "stopNotRunning",
+            WebStopResult.Stopped => "stopSucceeded",
+            WebStopResult.ProbeUnavailable => "stopUnprobeable",
+            WebStopResult.IdentityUnverified => "stopIdentityUnverified",
+            WebStopResult.SupervisorManaged => "stopSupervisorManaged",
+            WebStopResult.CoreProcessStillRunning => "stopCoreStillRunning",
+            WebStopResult.SignalFailed => "stopSignalFailed",
+            WebStopResult.TimedOut => "stopTimedOut",
+            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(result)),
+        }, locale);
+
+        return result == WebStopResult.TimedOut && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lastStage)
+            ? $"{message} {Get("stopTimedOutStage", locale).Replace("{stage}", lastStage, StringComparison.Ordinal)}"
+            : message;
+    }
+
+    public static string StopUnsupported(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("stopUnsupported", locale);
+
+    public static string Help(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("help", locale);
+
+    public static string StartFailed(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("startFailed", locale);
+
+    public static string StartUnprobeable(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("startUnprobeable", locale);
+
+    public static string ExistingUnhealthy(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("existingUnhealthy", locale);
+
+    public static string InstanceInUse(LauncherLocale locale) => Get("instanceInUse", locale);
+
+    public static string ExecutableCommand(string executablePath, string? managedEntryPoint = null)
+    {
+        if (Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(executablePath).Equals("dotnet", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+            && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(managedEntryPoint)
+            && managedEntryPoint.EndsWith(".dll", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return $"\"{executablePath}\" \"{Path.GetFullPath(managedEntryPoint)}\"";
+        }
+
+        return $"./{Path.GetFileName(executablePath)}";
+    }
+
+    private static string Format(string key, LauncherLocale locale, string url, string? command = null) =>
+        Get(key, locale)
+            .Replace("{url}", url, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+            .Replace("{command}", command ?? string.Empty, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+    private static string Get(string key, LauncherLocale locale)
+    {
+        var localeName = locale switch
+        {
+            LauncherLocale.SimplifiedChinese => "zh-CN",
+            LauncherLocale.TraditionalChinese => "zh-TW",
+            _ => "en-US",
+        };
+        return MessageCache.GetOrAdd($"{localeName}:{key}", _ => ReadMessage(localeName, key));
+    }
+
+    private static string ReadMessage(string localeName, string key)
+    {
+        var resourceName = $"v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher.Locales.{localeName}.json";
+        using var stream = typeof(LauncherMessages).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(resourceName)
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing embedded locale resource: {resourceName}");
+        using var document = System.Text.Json.JsonDocument.Parse(stream);
+        return document.RootElement.GetProperty("launcher").GetProperty(key).GetString()
+            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing launcher locale key: {localeName}.{key}");
+    }
+}

v2rayN/v2rayN.WebAPI/Launcher/WebLauncher.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+namespace v2rayN.WebAPI.Launcher;
+
+public interface IWebHealthProbe
+{
+    Task<WebHealthProbeResult> ProbeAsync(Uri healthUri, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
+}
+
+public sealed record WebHealthProbeResult(
+    bool IsHealthy,
+    int? InstanceProcessId,
+    string? ShutdownStage = null,
+    IReadOnlyList<int>? CoreProcessIds = null,
+    string? CoreState = null,
+    string? WebVersion = null,
+    string? CoreProfileId = null);
+
+public interface IBrowserOpener
+{
+    bool TryOpen(Uri apiUri);
+}
+
+public sealed class HttpWebHealthProbe : IWebHealthProbe
+{
+    private readonly HttpClient _client = new(new SocketsHttpHandler
+    {
+        ConnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500),
+        UseProxy = false,
+    })
+    {
+        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1),
+    };
+
+    public async Task<WebHealthProbeResult> ProbeAsync(Uri healthUri, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            using var response = await _client.GetAsync(healthUri, cancellationToken);
+            var instanceProcessId = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-instance-pid", out var values)
+                && int.TryParse(values.FirstOrDefault(), out var parsedProcessId)
+                    ? parsedProcessId
+                    : (int?)null;
+            var shutdownStage = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-shutdown-stage", out var stageValues)
+                ? stageValues.FirstOrDefault()
+                : null;
+            var coreProcessIds = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-process-ids", out var processValues)
+                ? processValues.FirstOrDefault()?.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries)
+                    .Select(value => int.TryParse(value, out var processId) ? processId : 0)
+                    .Where(processId => processId > 0)
+                    .Distinct()
+                    .ToArray()
+                : [];
+            var coreState = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-state", out var stateValues)
+                ? stateValues.FirstOrDefault()
+                : null;
+            var webVersion = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-version", out var versionValues)
+                ? versionValues.FirstOrDefault()
+                : null;
+            var coreProfileId = response.Headers.TryGetValues("X-v2rayn-WebAPI-core-profile-id", out var profileValues)
+                ? profileValues.FirstOrDefault()
+                : null;
+            return new WebHealthProbeResult(response.IsSuccessStatusCode, instanceProcessId, shutdownStage,
+                coreProcessIds, coreState, webVersion, coreProfileId);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is HttpRequestException or TaskCanceledException)
+        {
+            return new WebHealthProbeResult(false, null);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+public sealed class LinuxXdgBrowserOpener : IBrowserOpener
+{
+    public bool TryOpen(Uri apiUri)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DISPLAY"))
+            && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("WAYLAND_DISPLAY")))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var xdgOpen = FindExecutable("xdg-open");
+        if (xdgOpen is null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+            {
+                FileName = xdgOpen,
+                UseShellExecute = false,
+            };
+            startInfo.ArgumentList.Add(apiUri.ToString());
+            return Process.Start(startInfo) is not null;
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is InvalidOperationException or IOException or System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal static string? FindExecutable(string name)
+    {
+        var path = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PATH");
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        foreach (var directory in path.Split(Path.PathSeparator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
+        {
+            var candidate = Path.Combine(directory, name);
+            if (File.Exists(candidate))
+            {
+                return candidate;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+public static class ExistingInstanceHandler
+{
+    public static async Task<ExistingInstanceResult> TryReuseAsync(
+        string lockPath,
+        Uri healthUri,
+        Uri apiUri,
+        IWebHealthProbe healthProbe,
+        IBrowserOpener browserOpener,
+        bool noOpen,
+        TimeSpan waitTimeout,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (WebInstanceLock.TryAcquire(lockPath, writeOwner: false, out var probe))
+        {
+            probe!.Dispose();
+            return new ExistingInstanceResult(false, false);
+        }
+
+        var timeout = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        do
+        {
+            var ownerProcessId = WebInstanceLock.ReadOwnerProcessId(lockPath);
+            var health = await healthProbe.ProbeAsync(healthUri, cancellationToken);
+            if (health.IsHealthy && ownerProcessId.HasValue && health.InstanceProcessId == ownerProcessId)
+            {
+                if (!noOpen)
+                {
+                    var browserOpened = browserOpener.TryOpen(apiUri);
+                    return new ExistingInstanceResult(true, browserOpened);
+                }
+                return new ExistingInstanceResult(true, false);
+            }
+
+            if (WebInstanceLock.TryAcquire(lockPath, writeOwner: false, out probe))
+            {
+                probe!.Dispose();
+                return new ExistingInstanceResult(false, false);
+            }
+
+            await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250), cancellationToken);
+        }
+        while (timeout.Elapsed < waitTimeout);
+
+        throw new TimeoutException("The existing v2rayN.WebAPI instance holds its lock but did not become healthy.");
+    }
+}
+
+public sealed record ExistingInstanceResult(bool Existing, bool BrowserOpened);
+
+public sealed class WebLauncher
+{
+    private static readonly TimeSpan StartupTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);
+    private static readonly TimeSpan HealthPollInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200);
+
+    private readonly IWebHealthProbe _healthProbe;
+    private readonly IBrowserOpener _browserOpener;
+    private readonly LauncherLocale _locale;
+
+    public WebLauncher(IWebHealthProbe healthProbe, IBrowserOpener browserOpener, LauncherLocale locale)
+    {
+        _healthProbe = healthProbe;
+        _browserOpener = browserOpener;
+        _locale = locale;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<int> RunAsync(
+        string executablePath,
+        string[] hostArguments,
+        string instanceLockPath,
+        Uri healthUri,
+        Uri apiUri,
+        bool noOpen,
+        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        var commandLine = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var launcherCommand = LauncherMessages.ExecutableCommand(executablePath, commandLine.FirstOrDefault());
+        try
+        {
+            var existing = await ExistingInstanceHandler.TryReuseAsync(
+                    instanceLockPath,
+                    healthUri,
+                    apiUri,
+                    _healthProbe,
+                    _browserOpener,
+                    noOpen,
+                    StartupTimeout,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            if (existing.Existing)
+            {
+                Print(LauncherMessages.AlreadyRunning(
+                    apiUri.ToString(),
+                    launcherCommand,
+                    existing.BrowserOpened,
+                    _locale));
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (TimeoutException)
+        {
+            Print(LauncherMessages.ExistingUnhealthy(_locale));
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        using var child = StartDetachedChild(executablePath, hostArguments);
+        if (child is null)
+        {
+            Print(LauncherMessages.StartFailed(_locale));
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        var timeout = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        while (timeout.Elapsed < StartupTimeout && !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+        {
+            var ownerProcessId = WebInstanceLock.ReadOwnerProcessId(instanceLockPath);
+            var lockHeld = WebInstanceLock.IsHeld(instanceLockPath);
+            var health = lockHeld
+                ? await _healthProbe.ProbeAsync(healthUri, cancellationToken)
+                : new WebHealthProbeResult(false, null);
+            if (lockHeld && ownerProcessId.HasValue
+                && health.IsHealthy && health.InstanceProcessId == ownerProcessId)
+            {
+                var opened = !noOpen && _browserOpener.TryOpen(apiUri);
+                if (ownerProcessId.Value == child.Id)
+                {
+                    Print(LauncherMessages.Started(
+                        apiUri.ToString(),
+                        launcherCommand,
+                        _locale));
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                Print(LauncherMessages.AlreadyRunning(
+                    apiUri.ToString(),
+                    launcherCommand,
+                    opened,
+                    _locale));
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (child.HasExited)
+            {
+                // A competing launcher for the same data scope may have won the startup race.
+                if (lockHeld && ownerProcessId.HasValue && ownerProcessId != child.Id
+                    && health.IsHealthy && health.InstanceProcessId == ownerProcessId)
+                {
+                    var opened = !noOpen && _browserOpener.TryOpen(apiUri);
+                    Print(LauncherMessages.AlreadyRunning(
+                        apiUri.ToString(),
+                        launcherCommand,
+                        opened,
+                        _locale));
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                Print(LauncherMessages.StartFailed(_locale));
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            await Task.Delay(HealthPollInterval, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            if (!child.HasExited)
+            {
+                child.Kill(entireProcessTree: true);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (InvalidOperationException)
+        {
+            // The child can exit between the check and Kill.
+        }
+
+        Print(LauncherMessages.StartFailed(_locale));
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    private static Process? StartDetachedChild(string executablePath, string[] hostArguments)
+    {
+        var setsid = LinuxXdgBrowserOpener.FindExecutable("setsid");
+        var processPath = Environment.ProcessPath ?? executablePath;
+        var commandLine = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
+        var command = WebReplacementCommand.Create(
+            setsid,
+            processPath,
+            WebReplacementCommand.GetManagedEntryPoint(processPath, commandLine),
+            hostArguments);
+        if (command is null) return null;
+
+        try
+        {
+            return Process.Start(command.ToProcessStartInfo());
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception) when (exception is InvalidOperationException or IOException or System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void Print(string message) => Console.Out.WriteLine(message);
+}
+
+public static class BackgroundChildProcess
+{
+    public static void DetachStandardHandles()
+    {
+        if (OperatingSystem.IsWindows())
+        {
+            _ = FreeConsole();
+            Console.SetIn(TextReader.Null);
+            Console.SetOut(TextWriter.Null);
+            Console.SetError(TextWriter.Null);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!OperatingSystem.IsLinux())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var nullDescriptor = Open("/dev/null", OpenReadWrite);
+        if (nullDescriptor < 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _ = Dup2(nullDescriptor, 0);
+        _ = Dup2(nullDescriptor, 1);
+        _ = Dup2(nullDescriptor, 2);
+        if (nullDescriptor > 2)
+        {
+            _ = Close(nullDescriptor);
+        }
+
+        Console.SetIn(TextReader.Null);
+        Console.SetOut(TextWriter.Null);
+        Console.SetError(TextWriter.Null);
+    }
+
+    private const int OpenReadWrite = 2;
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "open", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Open(string path, int flags);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "dup2", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Dup2(int oldDescriptor, int newDescriptor);
+
+    [DllImport("libc", EntryPoint = "close", SetLastError = true)]
+    private static extern int Close(int descriptor);
+
+    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", EntryPoint = "FreeConsole", SetLastError = true)]
+    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
+    private static extern bool FreeConsole();
+}