test(infra): retry recursive temp-dir removal on main (main twin of #11968) (#12246)

* test(infra): retry recursive temp-dir removal on main (main twin of #11968)

`main` has been red since b342c1a361 on the vitest and integration gates:

  ✖ tests/unit/autoCombo/provider-family-combos.test.ts > auto/<family>
  ✖ chat pipeline applies Codex OAuth fingerprint and priority tier inside combos

Both call resetStorage() from beforeEach, which does an fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR,
{recursive: true, force: true}) with no retry, and intermittently loses the race
with a not-yet-released SQLite handle (ENOTEMPTY).

release/v3.8.51 fixed this in #11968 with a mechanical codemod adding
maxRetries/retryDelay to every recursive rm/rmSync/rmdirSync under tests/, but
that PR landed only on the release branch. Because main only receives work at
the release squash, it stayed broken for the whole cycle — and repo-wide gates
then turn every open PR into main red on checks unrelated to their diff.

This is the --base main twin: re-runs the same codemod that already shipped on
the release branch (scripts/ad-hoc/codemod-rm-maxretries.mjs), so the two
branches converge on identical test-teardown semantics. Test-only; no product
logic is touched.

The remaining three failures reported on #12133 (unit full suite exceeding its
4800s ceiling, package-artifact exceeding 1200s, and the boot-smoke that is
skipped as a consequence) are runner-contention timeouts, not code defects —
validate-release-green.mjs runs those heavy gates concurrently on one shared
hosted runner. There is no fix to port for those.

* chore(scripts): carry the rm-maxretries codemod onto main alongside its output

The codemod that generated the previous commit lives in the repo on
release/v3.8.51 (added by #11968) but was never on main. Bringing it over keeps
the tool next to the change it produced, so the transformation stays
reproducible and auditable from either branch.

scripts/ad-hoc/codemod-rm-maxretries.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+/**
+ * One-shot codemod (#11966): give every recursive temp-dir removal in tests the retry
+ * options Node already supports, so a WAL/backup/worker still writing into the directory
+ * turns into a retried delete instead of a red shard:
+ *
+ *   rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+ *   → rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 })
+ *
+ * Applies to `rmSync(`, `fs.rmSync(`, `rm(` / `fs.rm(` / `fs.promises.rm(` (async) and
+ * `rmdirSync(` calls whose option object literal contains `recursive: true` and no
+ * `maxRetries`. Only the option object is touched — call sites, assertions and imports are
+ * left as they are. Usage: node scripts/ad-hoc/codemod-rm-maxretries.mjs [dir=tests]
+ */
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+const root = process.argv[2] || "tests";
+const CALL = /\b(?:fs\.promises\.|fsp\.|fs\.|promises\.)?(?:rmSync|rmdirSync|rm)\(/g;
+let files = 0;
+let sites = 0;
+
+function walk(dir, out = []) {
+  for (const e of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    const p = path.join(dir, e.name);
+    if (e.isDirectory()) {
+      if (e.name === "node_modules" || e.name === "fixtures") continue;
+      walk(p, out);
+    } else if (/\.(ts|tsx|mts|cts|js|mjs|cjs)$/.test(e.name)) out.push(p);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+// Find the closing brace of the option object literal that starts at `open`.
+function objectEnd(src, open) {
+  let depth = 0;
+  for (let i = open; i < src.length; i++) {
+    const c = src[i];
+    if (c === "{") depth++;
+    else if (c === "}") {
+      depth--;
+      if (depth === 0) return i;
+    } else if (c === '"' || c === "'" || c === "`") {
+      const q = c;
+      i++;
+      while (i < src.length && src[i] !== q) {
+        if (src[i] === "\\") i++;
+        i++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+for (const file of walk(root)) {
+  const src = fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8");
+  let out = "";
+  let last = 0;
+  let touched = 0;
+  for (const m of src.matchAll(CALL)) {
+    const callStart = m.index + m[0].length;
+    // Locate the option object: the first `{` before the call's closing paren at depth 0.
+    let depth = 0;
+    let objOpen = -1;
+    for (let i = callStart; i < src.length; i++) {
+      const c = src[i];
+      if (c === "(" || c === "[") depth++;
+      else if (c === ")" || c === "]") {
+        if (depth === 0) break;
+        depth--;
+      } else if (c === "{" && depth === 0) {
+        objOpen = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (objOpen === -1) continue;
+    const objClose = objectEnd(src, objOpen);
+    if (objClose === -1) continue;
+    const obj = src.slice(objOpen, objClose + 1);
+    if (!/\brecursive:\s*true\b/.test(obj) || /\bmaxRetries\b/.test(obj)) continue;
+    // Insert before the closing brace, respecting an existing trailing comma / newline.
+    const inner = obj.slice(1, -1);
+    const trimmed = inner.replace(/\s+$/, "");
+    const trailing = inner.slice(trimmed.length);
+    const sep = trimmed.endsWith(",") ? " " : ", ";
+    const multiline = /\n/.test(trailing);
+    const insert = multiline
+      ? `${trimmed}${trimmed.endsWith(",") ? "" : ","}\n${trailing.replace(/\n$/, "")}  maxRetries: 5,\n  retryDelay: 100,${trailing}`
+      : `${trimmed}${sep}maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100${trailing}`;
+    out += src.slice(last, objOpen + 1) + insert;
+    last = objClose;
+    touched++;
+  }
+  if (touched) {
+    out += src.slice(last);
+    fs.writeFileSync(file, out);
+    files++;
+    sites += touched;
+  }
+}
+console.log(`[codemod-rm-maxretries] ${sites} call site(s) in ${files} file(s) under ${root}`);

tests/_setup/isolateDataDir.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ if (!process.env.DATA_DIR) {
   // Best-effort cleanup so a long suite run does not leak hundreds of temp DBs.
   process.on("exit", () => {
     try {
-      fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     } catch {
       // ignore — the OS reaps its temp dir eventually.
     }

tests/e2e/system-failover.test.ts

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   await serverA.stop();
   await serverB.stop();
   core.closeDbInstance();
-  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("primary healthy: request routes to Server A only", async () => {

tests/integration/_chatPipelineHarness.ts

@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ export async function createChatPipelineHarness(prefix) {
     clearSkillState();
     await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
     core.resetDbInstance();
-    fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     fs.mkdirSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true });
     initTranslators();
   }
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ export async function createChatPipelineHarness(prefix) {
     clearSkillState();
     resetAllCircuitBreakers();
     core.resetDbInstance();
-    fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 
   async function seedConnection(provider: string, overrides: SeedConnectionOverrides = {}) {

tests/integration/agent-bridge-bypass-flow.test.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const DEFAULT_PATTERNS = [".bank.", ".gov.", "okta.com", "auth0.com"];
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* noop */ }
 });
 
 // ── POST patterns ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/agent-bridge-cert-flow.test.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function certFilePath() {
 }
 
 function resetCertDir() {
-  fs.rmSync(certDir(), { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(certDir(), { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(certDir(), { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* noop */ }
 });
 
 // ── GET /cert ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/agent-bridge-mappings.test.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const mappingsRoute = await import(
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch { /* noop */ }
+  try { fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch { /* noop */ }
 });
 
 // ── GET (empty) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/agent-bridge-routes.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const routeGuard = await import("../../src/server/authz/routeGuard.ts");
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   try {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   } catch {
     /* noop */
   }

tests/integration/all-statuses-route.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Auth tests ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -288,6 +288,6 @@ test("grok-build status uses GROK_HOME and returns its managed endpoint", async
   } finally {
     if (original === undefined) delete process.env.GROK_HOME;
     else process.env.GROK_HOME = original;
-    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });

tests/integration/antigravity-projectid-discovery-persist-8491.test.ts

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const { clearAntigravityProjectCache } = await import(
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   if (fs.existsSync(TEST_DATA_DIR)) {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 

tests/integration/api-keys.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("API keys routes require management auth when login protection is enabled", async () => {

tests/integration/api-routes-critical.test.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.ENABLE_SOCKS5_PROXY;
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("critical routes: v1 management proxies covers auth, lookup, where-used, patch, and delete branches", async () => {

tests/integration/audit-log-level-filter.test.ts

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const auditRoute = await import("../../src/app/api/compliance/audit-log/route.ts
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 /**

tests/integration/batch-e2e-rate-limit.test.ts

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ async function stopProcess(child: ReturnType<typeof spawn>) {
 async function removeDirWithRetry(dir: string) {
   for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 5; attempt++) {
     try {
-      fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
       return;
     } catch (error) {
       if (attempt === 4) throw error;

tests/integration/chat-pipeline.test.ts

@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   invalidateMemorySettingsCache();
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   initTranslators();
 }
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   clearInflight();
   resetAllCircuitBreakers();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("chat pipeline handles OpenAI passthrough with valid API key auth", async () => {

tests/integration/chatcore-compression-integration.test.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   readCacheDb.invalidateDbCache();
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   core.closeDbInstance();
   try {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   } catch {}
 });
 

tests/integration/chatcore-context-window-boundary.test.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   core.closeDbInstance();
   try {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   } catch {}
 });
 

tests/integration/cli-settings-codewhale.test.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import("../../src/app/api/cli-tools/codewhal
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ test("codewhale-settings POST: writes primary ~/.codewhale/config.toml for a fre
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ test("codewhale-settings POST: syncs an existing legacy ~/.deepseek/config.toml"
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ test("codewhale-settings GET: falls back to legacy ~/.deepseek/config.toml when
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ test("codewhale-settings DELETE: removes primary and legacy config files", async
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ test("codewhale-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", ()
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-deepseek-tui.test.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import(
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test("deepseek-tui-settings POST: writes config.toml with valid body", async ()
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ test("deepseek-tui-settings DELETE: removes config file", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ test("deepseek-tui-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly",
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-forge.test.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import(
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ test("forge-settings POST: writes config.toml with valid body", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ test("forge-settings DELETE: removes config file when it exists", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ test("forge-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", () =>
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-grok-build.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } =
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings POST: writes [model.omniroute] section and preserves e
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings DELETE: removes our section, preserves the rest, resto
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings DELETE: no-op success when no config file exists", asy
     assert.equal(body.success, true);
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings: honors GROK_HOME and rejects a relative value", async
   } finally {
     if (original === undefined) delete process.env.GROK_HOME;
     else process.env.GROK_HOME = original;
-    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings POST: returns 409 for an unowned omniroute slot", asyn
   } finally {
     if (original === undefined) delete process.env.GROK_HOME;
     else process.env.GROK_HOME = original;
-    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings POST: resolves keyId to an unmasked key", async () =>
   } finally {
     if (original === undefined) delete process.env.GROK_HOME;
     else process.env.GROK_HOME = original;
-    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(grokHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ test("grok-build-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", (
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-jcode.test.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import(
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ test("jcode-settings POST: writes config.json with valid body", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ test("jcode-settings DELETE: removes OmniRoute fields from existing config", asy
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ test("jcode-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", () =>
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-letta.test.ts

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ function req(init?: RequestInit) {
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.afterEach(() => {
   process.env.HOME = origHome;
-  fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Test 1: GET without auth → 401 ──────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ test("letta-settings: error responses do not leak stack traces", async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-omp.test.ts

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function seedOmpDb() {
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.afterEach(() => {
   process.env.HOME = origHome;
-  fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Test 1: GET without auth → 401 ──────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ test("omp-settings: error responses do not leak stack traces", async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-pi.test.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import(
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ test("pi-settings POST: writes config.json with valid body", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ test("pi-settings DELETE: removes OmniRoute fields from existing config", async
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ test("pi-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/cli-settings-smelt.test.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import(
 async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ test("smelt-settings POST: writes config.json with valid body", async () => {
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ test("smelt-settings DELETE: removes OmniRoute fields from existing config", asy
     }
   } finally {
     process.env.HOME = origHome;
-    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(tmpHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ test("smelt-settings route.ts: does not call exec() or spawn() directly", () =>
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   delete process.env.API_KEY_SECRET;
   delete process.env.JWT_SECRET;

tests/integration/codex-account-pool-restart-http.test.ts

@@ -44,6 +44,6 @@ test("Codex Spark cooldown survives a fresh process without creating child conne
     assert.equal(after.connectionId, before.connectionId);
     assert.deepEqual(after.upstreamModels, ["gpt-5.5"]);
   } finally {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });

tests/integration/codex-chat-reasoning-http-e2e.test.ts

@@ -305,6 +305,6 @@ test("chat completions streams Codex Responses reasoning through real route HTTP
     globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
     if (routeServer) await closeServer(routeServer);
     core.closeDbInstance({ checkpointMode: null });
-    await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });

tests/integration/combo-live/_liveHarness.ts

@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ export async function createLiveHarness(prefix: string): Promise<LiveHarness> {
       }
     }
   } catch (err: any) {
-    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     throw new Error(`[liveHarness] Failed to fetch VPS secrets via ssh: ${err.message}`);
   }
 
   if (!storageEncryptionKey || !apiKeySecret) {
-    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     throw new Error(
       "[liveHarness] Could not parse STORAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY or API_KEY_SECRET from VPS .env"
     );
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ export async function createLiveHarness(prefix: string): Promise<LiveHarness> {
       { timeout: 60_000 }
     );
   } catch (err: any) {
-    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     throw new Error(`[liveHarness] Failed to scp production DB: ${err.message}`);
   }
 
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ export async function createLiveHarness(prefix: string): Promise<LiveHarness> {
     resetAllCircuitBreakers();
     core.resetDbInstance();
     // Destroy the snapshot — targets only the temp dir, NEVER /root/.omniroute.
-    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(snapshotDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 
   // Populate the map eagerly so servedProvider (sync) works right after

tests/integration/fingerprint-expansion.test.ts

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   if (app) await stopProcess(app.child);
   await upstream.stop();
   core.closeDbInstance();
-  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/heap-growth.test.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const { createSSEStream } = await import("../../open-sse/utils/stream.ts");
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   if (fs.existsSync(TEST_DATA_DIR)) {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 

tests/integration/llama-cpp-provider.test.ts

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ test.afterEach(() => {
   clearInflight();
   resetAllCircuitBreakers();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 });
 

tests/integration/memory-embedding-providers.test.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ const { GET } = embeddingProvidersRoute;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/memory-engine-status.test.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ const { GET } = engineStatusRoute;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/memory-reindex.test.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const { POST } = reindexRoute;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/memory-retrieve-preview.test.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const { POST } = retrieveRoute;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/memory-route-put.test.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const { createMemory, getMemory } = memoryStore;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/memory-summarize.test.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const { POST } = summarizeRoute;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Tests ──

tests/integration/model-catalog-responsiveness-9199.test.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const healthRoute = await import("../../src/app/api/health/ping/route.ts");
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   modelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test(

tests/integration/opencode-config-startup.test.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ after(() => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   if (originalHome === undefined) delete process.env.HOME;
   else process.env.HOME = originalHome;
-  fs.rmSync(testHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(testHome, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 function runOpencode(binary: string, args: string[]) {

tests/integration/performance-regression.test.ts

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ describe("Performance: memory API route handler (1000 records)", () => {
     db.prepare("DELETE FROM memories WHERE api_key_id = ?").run(TEST_API_KEY_ID);
     // Final cleanup: reset DB instance and remove temp dir
     core.resetDbInstance();
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   });
 
   it(`should handle GET /api/memory?limit=50 in <${THRESHOLD_API_ROUTE_MS}ms`, async () => {

tests/integration/playground-improve-prompt.test.ts

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function postRequest(body: unknown): Request {
 // ─── Cleanup ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ─── OPTIONS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/playground-presets-crud.test.ts

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ─── OPTIONS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/playground-presets-zod.test.ts

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ─── POST validation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/plugins-lifecycle.test.ts

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function writeTestPlugin(opts?: { name?: string; onRequest?: boolean; enabledByD
 // ── Helpers ──
 
 function cleanupDir(dir: string) {
-  fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 }
 
 // Track temp source dirs for cleanup
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ const activeSourceDirs: string[] = [];
 
 function cleanupSourceDirs() {
   for (const dir of activeSourceDirs) {
-    try { fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch {}
+    try { fs.rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 }); } catch {}
   }
   activeSourceDirs.length = 0;
 }

tests/integration/provider-journey.contract.test.ts

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ async function fetchCatalog(
 
 test.before(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   // requireLogin + requireAuthForModels ON so the API-key surface is gated.
   await localDb.updateSettings({ requireLogin: true, requireAuthForModels: true, password: "" });
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ test.before(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test.describe("provider journey — in-process contract (#8330)", () => {

tests/integration/proxy-registry-flow.test.ts

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ const proxyLogger = await import("../../src/lib/proxyLogger.ts");
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("integration: proxy create with inline assignment is atomic and clears legacy config", async () => {

tests/integration/qdrant-routes.test.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const asNextRequest = (req: Request) => req as unknown as import("next/server").
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   // #5597 follow-up: the memory-settings cache is a module-level singleton that
   // survives per-test DB resets — bust it so each test starts from a clean read.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── Settings GET ──

tests/integration/quota-plans-crud.test.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ async function enableManagementAuth() {
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/integration/quota-pool-delete-combo-cleanup.test.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type Db = {
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("DELETE pool waits for scoped quota-combo cleanup before returning 204", async () => {

tests/integration/quota-pool-usage-provider-resolution.test.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const usageRoute = await import("../../src/app/api/quota/pools/[id]/usage/route.
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("GET /usage surfaces catalog dimensions for a catalog-only pool (provider resolved from connection)", async () => {

tests/integration/quota-pools-crud.test.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async function enableManagementAuth() {
 
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/integration/quota-pools-usage.test.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ async function enableManagementAuth() {
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("GET /api/quota/pools/[id]/usage without auth → 401", async () => {

tests/integration/quota-preview.test.ts

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async function enableManagementAuth() {
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("GET /api/quota/preview without auth → 401", async () => {

tests/integration/quota-routes-error-sanitization.test.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const settingsRoute = await import("../../src/app/api/settings/quota-store/route
 function resetDb() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
   delete process.env.QUOTA_STORE_REDIS_URL;
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/integration/quota-store-settings.test.ts

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function resetDb() {
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
   delete process.env.QUOTA_STORE_REDIS_URL;
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   resetQuotaStoreSingleton();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/integration/resilience-http-e2e.test.ts

@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   }
   await relay.stop();
   core.closeDbInstance();
-  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  await fsp.rm(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("resilience API only exposes configuration, not runtime breaker state", async () => {

tests/integration/search-providers-catalog.test.ts

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ async function seedRateLimitedConnection(provider: string) {
 /** Reset DB state between tests. */
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   await resetStorage();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/integration/test-model-compression-off-6240.test.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   readCacheDb.invalidateDbCache();
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 20));
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   core.closeDbInstance();
   try {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   } catch {
     // best-effort cleanup
   }

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-capture-modes.test.ts

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test.after(() => {
     handle.stop().catch(() => {/* ignore */});
     setHttpProxyHandle(null);
   }
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── GET /capture-modes ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-error-sanitization.test.ts

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("requests: invalid profile param does not leak stack", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-hosts.test.ts

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ const hostDetailRoute = await import(
 
 test.beforeEach(async () => {
   resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   // Re-init DB with fresh migrations
   await import("../../src/lib/db/core.ts").then((m) => m.getDbInstance());
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("GET /hosts: returns empty list initially", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-internal-ingest.test.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("ingest: POST without Authorization header → 403", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-localonly.test.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const { isLocalOnlyPath, isLoopbackHost } = await import(
 );
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 // ── isLocalOnlyPath assertions ──────────────────────────────────────────────

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-requests.test.ts

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("GET /requests: returns empty list when buffer is empty", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-session-requests.test.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const { resetDbInstance, getDbInstance } = await import("../../src/lib/db/core.t
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   getDbInstance();
 }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("POST /sessions/[id]/requests: seq increments 1, 2, 3", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-sessions.test.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const { resetDbInstance, getDbInstance } = await import("../../src/lib/db/core.t
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   // Re-initialize db
   getDbInstance();
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("POST /sessions: creates a session", async () => {

tests/integration/traffic-inspector-ws.test.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ function makeRequest(upgrade = "websocket", clientKey = "dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ=
 }
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("ws/route: rejects non-WebSocket GET with 426", async () => {

tests/integration/v1-models-swr-response-flush-8728.test.ts

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function productionShapedSynchronousRefresh() {
 }
 
 test.after(() => {
-  fs.rmSync(CACHE_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(CACHE_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("the /v1/models route wires Next after() as its response-flush-safe scheduler", () => {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ test("an external client receives the stale body before synchronous refresh fini
   } catch (error) {
     if ((error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code === "EPERM") {
       t.skip("sandbox does not permit opening HTTP listener sockets");
-      fs.rmSync(socketDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      fs.rmSync(socketDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
       return;
     }
     throw error;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ test("an external client receives the stale body before synchronous refresh fini
     );
   } finally {
     await close(server);
-    fs.rmSync(socketDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(socketDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     catalogCache.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
   }
 });

tests/integration/video-bridge-sampler-ffmpeg.test.ts

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ test(
   { skip: REAL_FFMPEG_SKIP },
   async (context) => {
     const directory = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "omniroute-video-sampler-fixtures-"));
-    context.after(async () => rm(directory, { force: true, recursive: true }));
+    context.after(async () => rm(directory, { force: true, recursive: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 }));
 
     const rapidCuts = await createRapidEdgeCutFixture(directory);
     await context.test("rapid cuts near both ends retain coverage within the cap", async () => {

tests/unit/10017-sse-control-lines-leak-openai-clients.test.ts

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ async function readTransformed(chunks: string[], options: object): Promise<strin
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   if (fs.existsSync(TEST_DATA_DIR)) {
-    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   }
 });
 

tests/unit/10085-compatible-generic-vs-uuid-credential.test.ts

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ const NODE_B_ID = `openai-compatible-chat-558d982b-0000-4000-8000-000000000000`;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 async function seedNode() {

tests/unit/10197-openrouter-image-edits-route.test.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test.after(() => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#10197 v1 image edit POST forwards built-in openrouter edits to the unified Image API", async () => {

tests/unit/10313-catalog-cache-key-hashing.test.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const SECRET = "sk-live-PROBE-10313-SUPER-SECRET-TOKEN";
 test.beforeEach(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 });
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 function captureMapKeys(): { keys: string[]; restore: () => void } {

tests/unit/10347-embed-402-cooldown.test.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const { handleEmbedding } = await import("../../open-sse/handlers/embeddings.ts"
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 function readConnectionRow(connId: string) {

tests/unit/7993-noauth-proxy-routing.test.ts

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ test.before(async () => {
 test.after(() => {
   proxyServer?.close();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#7993 getProviderCredentials('opencode-zen') hydrates the proxy saved under the sibling 'opencode' connection", async () => {

tests/unit/8200-perplexity-web-401-cooldown.test.ts

@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ const auth = await import("../../src/sse/services/auth.ts");
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("BUG #8200: single perplexity-web 401 (cookie expiry) does not terminal-expire the only connection", async () => {

tests/unit/8326-compatible-id-regex.test.ts

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test.beforeEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 const UUID = "02669115-2545-4896-b003-cb4dac09d441";

tests/unit/8327-models-owned-by-prefix.test.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const CONFIGURED_PREFIX = "pix4k-talk";
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#8327: synced models on a compatible provider node expose the configured prefix as owned_by, not the raw UUID", async () => {

tests/unit/8332-combo-vision-fallback.test.ts

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test.after(() => {
   clearModelsDevCapabilities();
   settingsDb.clearAllLKGP();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   if (ORIGINAL_DATA_DIR === undefined) {
     delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   } else {

tests/unit/8336-audit-loopback-login.test.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const originalGetCookieStore = loginRoute.authRouteInternals.getCookieStore;
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD = "correct-secret-8336";
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test.afterEach(() => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   if (ORIGINAL_INITIAL_PASSWORD === undefined) {
     delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   } else {

tests/unit/8374-plugins-status-optional.test.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ before(() => {
 
 after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   if (originalDataDir === undefined) delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   else process.env.DATA_DIR = originalDataDir;
 });

tests/unit/8385-perkey-proxy-global-toggle.test.ts

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   delete process.env.INITIAL_PASSWORD;
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("issue #8385: global perKeyProxyEnabled=false must override a connection's per_key_proxy_enabled=1", async () => {

tests/unit/8388-compression-detail-persist.test.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const { getCompressionSettings, updateCompressionSettings } = await import(
 
 test.after(() => {
   resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(tmpDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(tmpDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#8388: PUT body carrying ccr detail (minChars/retrievalRampFactor) is ACCEPTED by the schema", () => {

tests/unit/8395-plugin-hooks-fire.test.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test(
 
     t.after(async () => {
       loaded?.cleanup();
-      await rm(pluginDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      await rm(pluginDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     });
 
     await writeFile(

tests/unit/8431-multiwindow-quota-eviction.test.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const quotaCache = await import("../../src/domain/quotaCache.ts");
 
 test.after(() => {
   coreDb.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 const COLD_WINDOWS = ["Bonus Pack 1", "Bonus Pack 2", "Bonus Pack 3", "Bonus Pack 4", "Weekly", "Daily"];

tests/unit/8488-capability-filter-fail-closed.test.ts

@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ const log = {
 
 test.beforeEach(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#8488 filter: some tool-capable targets kept (unchanged)", () => {

tests/unit/8510-adobe-firefly-edits-route.test.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test.after(() => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#8510 v1 image edit POST uploads Adobe Firefly reference images and dispatches referenceBlobs", async () => {

tests/unit/8779-agy-prefix-credential-lookup.test.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ const model = await import("../../open-sse/services/model.ts");
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ async function seedOnly(provider: string) {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("the agy/ prefix still canonicalizes to antigravity (#8013 unchanged)", () => {

tests/unit/8958-alias-backed-node-prefix.test.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const MODEL_ID = "opc/big-pickle";
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#8958: alias-backed model on a compatible node is not duplicated under the raw UUID prefix (alias mode)", async () => {

tests/unit/9034-alias-backed-prefix-id-repro.test.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const MODEL_NAME = "kimi-k2";
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ test.before(async () => {
 
 test.after(async () => {
   if (core) core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#9034: alias-backed model id must use the configured prefix, not the raw provider-node UUID", async () => {

tests/unit/9134-repro-audio-combo-rejection.test.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const originalFetch = globalThis.fetch;
 test.after(() => {
   globalThis.fetch = originalFetch;
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 /** Minimal but structurally valid WAV so nothing rejects the upload shape. */

tests/unit/9147-catalog-eventloop-yield.test.ts

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const MODELS_PER_CONNECTION = 12; // ~720 synced models total
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   v1ModelsCatalog.__resetCatalogBuilderRunsForTest();
 }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   apiKeysDb.resetApiKeyState();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 test("#9147 — catalog build at catalog-scale must not pin the event loop for a long stretch", async (t) => {

tests/unit/9201-search-proxy-bypass.test.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test.after(async () => {
   searchRegistry.SEARCH_PROVIDERS["serper-search"].baseUrl = originalSerperBaseUrl;
   await new Promise<void>((resolve) => proxyServer.close(() => resolve()));
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(dataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(dataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 function installProxyResponseCounter() {

tests/unit/9232-purge-proxy-assignments-on-delete.test.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
   for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 10; attempt++) {
     try {
-      if (fs.existsSync(TEST_DATA_DIR)) fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      if (fs.existsSync(TEST_DATA_DIR)) fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
       break;
     } catch (error: unknown) {
       const code = (error as { code?: string } | undefined)?.code;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 });
 test.after(async () => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 });
 
 async function setupConnectionWithAssignment() {

tests/unit/_mocks/settings.ts

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ export function setupSettingsFixture(slug: string): SettingsFixture {
       const runtime = await import("../../../src/lib/config/runtimeSettings.ts");
       core.resetDbInstance();
       runtime.resetRuntimeSettingsStateForTests();
-      fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
       fs.mkdirSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true });
     },
     cleanup() {
-      fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      fs.rmSync(testDataDir, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
     },
   };
   activeFixture = fixture;

tests/unit/a2a-auth-timing-safe.test.ts

@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ function makeJsonRpcRequest(token?: string): NextRequest {
 
 test.beforeEach(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
   process.env.OMNIROUTE_API_KEY = API_KEY;
 });
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 
   if (ORIGINAL_DATA_DIR === undefined) delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
   else process.env.DATA_DIR = ORIGINAL_DATA_DIR;

tests/unit/a2a-enabled-route.test.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const a2aRoute = await import("../../src/app/a2a/route.ts");
 
 async function resetStorage() {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   fs.mkdirSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ test.beforeEach(async () => {
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
 
   if (ORIGINAL_DATA_DIR === undefined) {
     delete process.env.DATA_DIR;

tests/unit/a2a-route-require-api-key.test.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const ORIGINAL_A2A_KEY = process.env.OMNIROUTE_API_KEY;
 
 test.after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   if (ORIGINAL_REQUIRE === undefined) delete process.env.REQUIRE_API_KEY;
   else process.env.REQUIRE_API_KEY = ORIGINAL_REQUIRE;
   if (ORIGINAL_A2A_KEY === undefined) delete process.env.OMNIROUTE_API_KEY;

tests/unit/a2a-task-owner-idor.test.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const ORIGINAL_REQUIRE = process.env.REQUIRE_API_KEY;
 
 after(() => {
   core.resetDbInstance();
-  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  fs.rmSync(TEST_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true, maxRetries: 5, retryDelay: 100 });
   if (ORIGINAL_REQUIRE === undefined) delete process.env.REQUIRE_API_KEY;
   else process.env.REQUIRE_API_KEY = ORIGINAL_REQUIRE;
 });