up 7.25.0

Update Directory.Packages.props
Shorten log/temp cleanup retention to 7 days
2026-09-26 00:22:07 +03:00 · 2026-09-05 09:55:32 +08:00 · 2026-09-05 09:51:51 +08:00 · 2026-09-04 15:50:06 +08:00 · 2026-09-04 15:31:04 +08:00 · 2026-09-04 15:14:00 +08:00
266 changed files with 20269 additions and 5946 deletions
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ body:
  - type: input
    id: "os-version"
    attributes:
-      label: "操作系统和版本"
-      description: "操作系统和版本"
+      label: "操作系统 / v2rayN / Core 版本"
+      description: "操作系统 / v2rayN / Core 版本"
    validations:
      required: true

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ updates:
      interval: "daily"

  - package-ecosystem: "nuget"
-    directory: "/"
+    directory: "/v2rayN"
    schedule:
      interval: "daily"
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+==============================================================================
+THIRD-PARTY CA CERTIFICATE DATA ATTRIBUTION
+==============================================================================
+
+This component includes CA certificate data obtained from third-party sources.
+
+1. Common CA Database (CCADB)
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Website:
+https://www.ccadb.org/
+
+Data source:
+https://ccadb.my.salesforce-sites.com/mozilla/IncludedRootsPEMTxt?TrustBitsInclude=Websites
+
+License:
+Community Data License Agreement – Permissive, Version 2.0 (CDLA-2.0 Permissive)
+
+The names and trademarks of CCADB contributors may not be used to endorse or
+promote products derived from this data without prior written permission.
+
+License text:
+https://cdla.dev/permissive-2-0/
+
+
+2. Chromium Root Store
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Source:
+Chromium Project
+
+Data source:
+https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/net/data/ssl/chrome_root_store/root_store.certs?format=TEXT
+
+License:
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright:
+Copyright (c) The Chromium Authors
+
+The Chromium Root Store data is distributed under the BSD 3-Clause License.
+
+License text:
+https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
+==============================================================================
+*/
+
+using System;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+var client = new HttpClient { Timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2) };
+
+var outputDir = args.Length > 0 
+    ? args[0] 
+    : Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "v2rayN", "ServiceLib", "Sample");
+
+Directory.CreateDirectory(outputDir);
+
+Console.WriteLine("=== Mozilla + Chrome Root Store PEM Converter ===\n");
+Console.WriteLine($"Output directory: {outputDir}\n");
+
+// Process Mozilla
+await ProcessMozillaAsync(outputDir);
+
+// Process Chrome
+await ProcessChromeAsync(outputDir);
+
+Console.WriteLine("\nAll done!");
+
+async Task ProcessMozillaAsync(string outputDir)
+{
+    const string certdataUrl = "https://ccadb.my.salesforce-sites.com/mozilla/IncludedRootsPEMTxt?TrustBitsInclude=Websites";
+    var outputFile = Path.Combine(outputDir, "mozilla_roots_pem");
+
+    Console.WriteLine("Downloading Mozilla certdata.txt...");
+    var content = await client.GetStringAsync(certdataUrl);
+
+    var pemMatches = Regex.Matches(content, @"(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]*?-----END CERTIFICATE-----)");
+    var pems = new List<string>();
+    foreach (Match m in pemMatches)
+    {
+        pems.Add(m.Groups[1].Value.Trim());
+    }
+
+    await File.WriteAllTextAsync(outputFile, string.Join("\n\n", pems));
+    Console.WriteLine($"Mozilla roots saved to: {outputFile} ({pems.Count} certificates)");
+}
+
+async Task ProcessChromeAsync(string outputDir)
+{
+    const string chromeCertsUrl = "https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/net/data/ssl/chrome_root_store/root_store.certs?format=TEXT";
+    var chromeOutput = Path.Combine(outputDir, "chrome_roots_pem");
+
+    Console.WriteLine("Downloading Chrome root_store.certs...");
+    var base64Content = await client.GetStringAsync(chromeCertsUrl);
+    var decoded = Convert.FromBase64String(base64Content.Replace("\n", ""));
+
+    var text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decoded);
+
+    var pemMatches = Regex.Matches(text, @"(-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----[\s\S]*?-----END CERTIFICATE-----)");
+    var pems = new List<string>();
+    foreach (Match m in pemMatches)
+    {
+        pems.Add(m.Groups[1].Value.Trim());
+    }
+
+    await File.WriteAllTextAsync(chromeOutput, string.Join("\n\n", pems));
+    Console.WriteLine($"Chrome roots saved to: {chromeOutput} ({pems.Count} certificates)");
+}
@@ -9,8 +9,17 @@ on:

 permissions: 
  actions: write
+  contents: write

 jobs:
+  public-key:
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/pub-key.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+
  update:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
@@ -70,3 +79,17 @@ jobs:
                \"release_tag\": \"${{ inputs.release_tag }}\"
              }
            }"
+            
+      - name: Trigger build windows x86
+        if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+        run: |
+          curl -X POST \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
+            -H "Authorization: token ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}" \
+            https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/actions/workflows/build-windows-x86.yml/dispatches \
+            -d "{
+              \"ref\": \"master\",
+              \"inputs\": {
+                \"release_tag\": \"${{ inputs.release_tag }}\"
+              }
+            }"
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:

 permissions:
  contents: write
+  actions: read

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -26,17 +27,14 @@ jobs:
    with:
      target: linux
      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets: inherit

  deb:
    name: build and release deb x64 & arm64
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
    container: debian:13
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-
+    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
    steps:
    - name: Prepare tools (Debian)
      shell: bash
@@ -44,124 +42,73 @@ jobs:
        set -euo pipefail
        export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
        apt-get update
-        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file \
-                           ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev \
-                           libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libicu-dev libssl-dev
-
+        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libicu-dev libssl-dev
    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      with:
-        submodules: 'recursive'
-        fetch-depth: '0'
-
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      with: { submodules: 'recursive', fetch-depth: '0' }
    - name: Ensure script permissions
      run: chmod 755 package-debian.sh
-
    - name: Package DEB (Debian-family)
      run: ./package-debian.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}" --arch all
-
    - name: Collect DEBs into workspace
      run: |
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb"
        rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_amd64.deb" \
-          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-64.deb" \; || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_arm64.deb" \
-          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-arm64.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_amd64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-64.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" -name "v2rayn_*_arm64.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb/v2rayN-linux-arm64.deb" \; || true
        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb" || true
-
-    - name: Upload DEBs to release
-      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
-      with:
-        file: dist/deb/**/*.deb
-        tag: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
-        file_glob: true
-        prerelease: true
+    - name: Upload DEB artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-deb, path: "dist/deb/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }

  rpm:
    name: build and release rpm x64 & arm64
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
    container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi10/ubi
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-
+    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
    steps:
    - name: Prepare tools (Red Hat)
      shell: bash
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
        . /etc/os-release
        EL_MAJOR="${VERSION_ID%%.*}"
        echo "EL_MAJOR=${EL_MAJOR}"
-
        dnf -y makecache || true
        command -v curl >/dev/null || dnf -y install curl ca-certificates
-
        ARCH="$(uname -m)"
        case "$ARCH" in x86_64|aarch64) ;; *) echo "Unsupported arch: $ARCH"; exit 1 ;; esac

        install_epel_from_dir() {
          local base="$1" rpm
          echo "Try: $base"
-
-          rpm="$(
-            {
-              curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/"   2>/dev/null
-              curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/e/" 2>/dev/null | sed 's|href="|href="e/|'
-            } |
-            sed -n 's/.*href="\([^"]*epel-release-[^"]*\.noarch\.rpm\)".*/\1/p' |
-            sort -V | tail -n1
-          )" || true
-
-          if [[ -n "$rpm" ]]; then
-            dnf -y install "$base/Packages/$rpm"
-            return 0
-          fi
-          return 1
+          rpm="$({ curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/" 2>/dev/null; curl -fsSL "$base/Packages/e/" 2>/dev/null | sed 's|href="|href="e/|'; } |
+            sed -n 's/.*href="\([^"]*epel-release-[^"]*\.noarch\.rpm\)".*/\1/p' | sort -V | tail -n1)" || true
+          [[ -n "$rpm" ]] || return 1
+          dnf -y install "$base/Packages/$rpm"
        }

        FEDORA="https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-${EL_MAJOR}.noarch.rpm"
+        ROCKY="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
+        ALMA="https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
+
        echo "Try Fedora: $FEDORA"
+        curl -fsSLI "$FEDORA" >/dev/null && dnf -y install "$FEDORA" ||
+          install_epel_from_dir "$ROCKY" ||
+          install_epel_from_dir "$ALMA" ||
+          { echo "EPEL bootstrap failed (Fedora/Rocky/Alma)"; exit 1; }

-        if curl -fsSLI "$FEDORA" >/dev/null; then
-          dnf -y install "$FEDORA"
-        else
-          ROCKY="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
-          if install_epel_from_dir "$ROCKY"; then
-            :
-          else
-            ALMA="https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/${EL_MAJOR}/extras/${ARCH}/os"
-            if install_epel_from_dir "$ALMA"; then
-              :
-            else
-              echo "EPEL bootstrap failed (Fedora/Rocky/Alma)"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-          fi
-        fi
-
-        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core \
-                       rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which
-
+        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which
        dnf repolist | grep -i epel || true
-
    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      with:
-        submodules: 'recursive'
-        fetch-depth: '0'
-
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      with: { submodules: 'recursive', fetch-depth: '0' }
    - name: Ensure script permissions
      run: chmod 755 package-rhel.sh
-
    - name: Package RPM (RHEL-family)
      run: ./package-rhel.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}" --arch all
-
    - name: Collect RPMs into workspace
      run: |
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm"
@@ -170,39 +117,26 @@ jobs:
        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" -name "v2rayN-*-1*.aarch64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm/v2rayN-linux-rhel-arm64.rpm" \; || true
        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm" || true
-
-    - name: Upload RPMs to release
-      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
-      with:
-        file: dist/rpm/**/*.rpm
-        tag: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
-        file_glob: true
-        prerelease: true
+    - name: Upload RPM artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-rpm, path: "dist/rpm/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }

  rpm-riscv64:
    name: build and release rpm riscv64
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-riscv
    container: rockylinux/rockylinux:10
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-
+    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
    steps:
    - name: Prepare tools (Red Hat)
      shell: bash
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
        dnf -y makecache
-        dnf -y install \
-          sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core \
-          rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which jq
-
+        dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which jq
    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
      shell: bash
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
        rm -rf ./*
@@ -212,56 +146,27 @@ jobs:
        git fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
        git checkout FETCH_HEAD
        git submodule update --init --recursive
-
    - name: Ensure script permissions
      run: chmod 755 package-rhel-riscv.sh
-
    - name: Package RPM (RHEL-family)
      run: ./package-rhel-riscv.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
-
    - name: Collect RPMs into workspace
      run: |
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64"
        rsync -av "$HOME/rpmbuild/RPMS/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64" -name "*.riscv64.rpm" \
-          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-rhel-riscv64.rpm" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64" -name "*.riscv64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-rhel-riscv64.rpm" \; || true
        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-riscv64" || true
-
-    - name: Upload RPMs to release
-      shell: bash
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        shopt -s globstar nullglob
-
-        files=(dist/rpm-riscv64/**/*.rpm)
-        (( ${#files[@]} )) || { echo "No RPMs found."; exit 1; }
-
-        api="${GITHUB_API_URL}/repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/releases/tags/${RELEASE_TAG}"
-        upload_url="$(curl -fsSL -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" "$api" | jq -r '.upload_url // empty' | sed 's/{?name,label}//')"
-        [[ "$upload_url" ]] || { echo "Release upload URL not found: ${RELEASE_TAG}"; exit 1; }
-
-        for f in "${files[@]}"; do
-          echo "Uploading ${f##*/}"
-          curl -fsSL -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" \
-            -H "Content-Type: application/x-rpm" \
-            --data-binary @"$f" \
-            "${upload_url}?name=${f##*/}"
-        done
+    - name: Upload RPM artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-rpm-riscv64, path: "dist/rpm-riscv64/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }

  deb-riscv64:
    name: build and release deb riscv64
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-riscv
    container: debian:13
-    env:
-      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
-
+    env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}" }
    steps:
    - name: Prepare tools (Debian)
      shell: bash
@@ -269,14 +174,10 @@ jobs:
        set -euo pipefail
        export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
        apt-get update
-        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file \
-                           ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev \
-                           gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1
-
+        apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1
    - name: Checkout repo (for scripts)
      shell: bash
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
        rm -rf ./*
@@ -286,53 +187,25 @@ jobs:
        git fetch --depth=1 origin "${GITHUB_SHA}"
        git checkout FETCH_HEAD
        git submodule update --init --recursive
-
    - name: Ensure script permissions
      run: chmod 755 package-debian-riscv.sh
-
    - name: Package DEB (Debian-family)
      run: ./package-debian-riscv.sh "${RELEASE_TAG}"
-
    - name: Collect DEBs into workspace
      run: |
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64"
        rsync -av "$HOME/debbuild/" "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64/" || true
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64" -name "*.deb" \
-          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.deb" \; || true
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64" -name "*.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64/v2rayN-linux-riscv64.deb" \; || true
        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-riscv64" || true
-
-    - name: Upload DEBs to release
-      shell: bash
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-      run: |
-        set -euo pipefail
-        shopt -s globstar nullglob
-
-        files=(dist/deb-riscv64/**/*.deb)
-        (( ${#files[@]} )) || { echo "No DEBs found."; exit 1; }
-
-        api="${GITHUB_API_URL}/repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/releases/tags/${RELEASE_TAG}"
-        upload_url="$(curl -fsSL -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" "$api" | jq -r '.upload_url // empty' | sed 's/{?name,label}//')"
-        [[ "$upload_url" ]] || { echo "Release upload URL not found: ${RELEASE_TAG}"; exit 1; }
-
-        for f in "${files[@]}"; do
-          echo "Uploading ${f##*/}"
-          curl -fsSL -X POST \
-            -H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}" \
-            -H "Content-Type: application/vnd.debian.binary-package" \
-            --data-binary @"$f" \
-            "${upload_url}?name=${f##*/}"
-        done
+    - name: Upload DEB artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-deb-riscv64, path: "dist/deb-riscv64/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }

  deb-loong64:
    name: build and release deb loong64
-    if: |
-      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') ||
-      (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04-arm
    env:
      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
      QCOW2_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/debian-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/13.5/debian13-loong64.qcow2
@@ -341,75 +214,73 @@ jobs:
      QCOW2_IMAGE: debian13-loong64.qcow2
      EFI_CODE: edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
      EFI_VARS: edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
-      QEMU_VERSION: 10.2.3
-
+      QEMU_VERSION: 10.2.4
    steps:
    - name: Prepare host tools
      shell: bash
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
        sudo apt-get update
-        sudo apt-get install -y rsync qemu-utils expect wget curl ca-certificates libfdt1 libglib2.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libslirp0
-
-    - name: Checkout repo
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-        fetch-depth: 0
-
+        sudo apt-get install -y git rsync qemu-utils qemu-system-common expect wget curl ca-certificates libfdt1 libglib2.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libslirp0 virtiofsd
+        sudo ln -sf /usr/libexec/virtiofsd /usr/local/bin/virtiofsd
+        virtiofsd --version || virtiofsd --help | head
+    - name: Host clone repo
+      shell: bash
+      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        rm -rf repo
+        git clone --no-single-branch --tags "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" repo
    - name: Download QEMU prebuild
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
-        wget -O qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz \
-          "https://github.com/xujiegb/qemu-linux-prebuild/releases/download/${QEMU_VERSION}/qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz"
-
-        tar -xzf qemu-linux-x64.tar.gz
-
+        wget -O qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz "https://github.com/xujiegb/qemu-linux-prebuild/releases/download/${QEMU_VERSION}/qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz"
+        tar -xzf qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz
        mkdir -p "$HOME/qemu-install"
-
-        rsync -a qemu-linux-x64/ "$HOME/qemu-install/"
-
+        rsync -a qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2/ "$HOME/qemu-install/"
        "$HOME/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64" --version
-
    - name: Download loong64 qcow2 and EFI firmware
      shell: bash
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
        wget -O "$QCOW2_IMAGE" "$QCOW2_URL"
        wget -O "$EFI_CODE" "$EFI_CODE_URL"
        wget -O "$EFI_VARS" "$EFI_VARS_URL"
-
        qemu-img info "$QCOW2_IMAGE"
-
    - name: Build loong64 DEB in VM through serial console
      shell: bash
      timeout-minutes: 180
-      env:
-        RELEASE_TAG: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
+      env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}" }
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"

+        export VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET="$RUNNER_TEMP/virtiofs-deb-loong64.sock"
+        rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"
+
+        sudo virtiofsd --socket-path="$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" --shared-dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" --cache=auto &
+
+        VIRTIOFSD_PID=$!
+        trap 'sudo kill "$VIRTIOFSD_PID" 2>/dev/null || true; rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"' EXIT
+
+        for i in {1..100}; do
+          [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] && break
+          sleep 0.1
+        done
+
+        [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] || { echo "virtiofsd socket not created"; exit 1; }
+        sudo chown "$USER:$(id -gn)" "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
+        sudo chmod 660 "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
        expect <<'EOF'
        log_user 1
        set timeout -1
-
        set release_tag $env(RELEASE_TAG)
        set qemu_bin "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64"
        set qemu_rom_dir "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/share/qemu"
-
-        set workspace $env(GITHUB_WORKSPACE)
-        set repo $env(GITHUB_REPOSITORY)
-        set sha $env(GITHUB_SHA)
-
+        set virtiofs_socket $env(VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET)
        set qcow2 $env(QCOW2_IMAGE)
        set efi_code $env(EFI_CODE)
        set efi_vars $env(EFI_VARS)
-
        proc wait_prompt {} {
          expect {
            -re "__CI_PROMPT__# " {}
@@ -417,86 +288,258 @@ jobs:
            eof { exit 1 }
          }
        }
-
        proc run_cmd {cmd} {
          send -- "$cmd\r"
          wait_prompt
        }
-
        spawn $qemu_bin \
          -L $qemu_rom_dir \
          -machine virt \
          -accel tcg,thread=multi,tb-size=2048 \
          -cpu la464 \
          -m 9216 \
+          -object memory-backend-memfd,id=mem0,size=9216M,share=on \
+          -numa node,memdev=mem0 \
          -smp 4 \
          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=$efi_code,readonly=on \
          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=$efi_vars \
          -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0,bootindex=1 \
          -drive if=none,media=disk,id=hd0,file=$qcow2,format=qcow2 \
          -netdev user,id=net0 \
-          -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
-          -virtfs local,path=$workspace,mount_tag=workspace,security_model=none,id=workspace \
+          -device virtio-net-pci-non-transitional,netdev=net0 \
+          -chardev socket,id=charfs0,path=$virtiofs_socket \
+          -device vhost-user-fs-pci,chardev=charfs0,tag=workspace \
          -display none \
          -serial stdio \
          -monitor none
-
        expect -re "login:|debian login:"
        send -- "root\r"
-
        expect -re "Password:|密码:|密码："
        send -- "password\r"
-
        expect {
          -re "# " {}
          timeout { exit 1 }
          eof { exit 1 }
        }
-
        send -- "export TERM=dumb; export PS1='__CI_PROMPT__# '\r"
        wait_prompt
-
        run_cmd "mkdir -p /workspace"
-        run_cmd "mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L workspace /workspace || mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio workspace /workspace"
+        run_cmd "mount -t virtiofs workspace /workspace"
        run_cmd "IFACE=\$(ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '\$2 != \"lo\" {print \$2; exit}') ; ip link set \$IFACE up || true"
        run_cmd "dhclient \$IFACE || true"
        run_cmd "printf 'nameserver 10.0.2.3\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\n' >/etc/resolv.conf"
        run_cmd "apt-get update || apt-get update || apt-get update"
-        run_cmd "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1"
+        run_cmd "DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y sudo git rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq wget file ca-certificates desktop-file-utils xdg-utils fakeroot dpkg-dev gcc make libc6-dev libgcc-s1 libstdc++6 zlib1g libatomic1 fuse3"
        run_cmd "rm -rf /root/v2rayN-src"
-        run_cmd "git clone --recursive https://github.com/$repo.git /root/v2rayN-src"
-        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && git fetch --depth=1 origin $sha && git checkout FETCH_HEAD && git submodule update --init --recursive"
+        run_cmd "rsync -a --info=progress2 /workspace/repo/ /root/v2rayN-src/"
+        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && git config --global --add safe.directory /root/v2rayN-src"
        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && chmod 755 package-debian-loong.sh"
-
        send -- "cd /root/v2rayN-src; cat >/tmp/run-loong-build.sh <<'SCRIPT'\nset +e\nset -o pipefail\nbash -x ./package-debian-loong.sh \"\$RELEASE_TAG\" 2>&1 | tee /tmp/build.log\nrc=\$?\nmkdir -p /workspace/dist/deb-loong64\ncp -av /root/debbuild/*.deb /workspace/dist/deb-loong64/ 2>/dev/null || true\necho __BUILD_DONE__\$rc\nSCRIPT\nRELEASE_TAG=\"$release_tag\" bash /tmp/run-loong-build.sh\r"
-
        expect {
-          -re "__BUILD_DONE__0" {
-            send -- "poweroff\r"
-          }
-          default {
-            exit 1
-          }
+          -re "__BUILD_DONE__0" { send -- "poweroff\r" }
+          default { exit 1 }
        }
        EOF
-
    - name: Collect DEBs
      shell: bash
      run: |
        set -euo pipefail
-
        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
-
-        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64" -name "*.deb" \
-          -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64/v2rayN-linux-loong64.deb" \; || true
-
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64" -name "*.deb" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64/v2rayN-linux-loong64.deb" \; || true
        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/deb-loong64"
+    - name: Upload DEB artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-deb-loong64, path: "dist/deb-loong64/**/*.deb", if-no-files-found: error }

-    - name: Upload DEBs to release
-      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
-      with:
-        file: dist/deb-loong64/**/*.deb
-        tag: ${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}
-        file_glob: true
-        prerelease: true
+  rpm-loong64:
+    name: build and release rpm loong64
+    if: (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.release_tag != '') || (github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/'))
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04-arm
+    env:
+      RELEASE_TAG: ${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}
+      QCOW2_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/fedora-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/43/fedora43-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/fedora-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/43/edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS_URL: https://github.com/xujiegb/fedora-loong64-qcow2/releases/download/43/edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QCOW2_IMAGE: fedora43-loong64.qcow2
+      EFI_CODE: edk2-loongarch64-code.fd
+      EFI_VARS: edk2-loongarch64-vars.fd
+      QEMU_VERSION: 10.2.4
+    steps:
+    - name: Prepare host tools
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y git rsync qemu-utils qemu-system-common expect wget curl ca-certificates libfdt1 libglib2.0-0 libpixman-1-0 libslirp0 virtiofsd
+        sudo ln -sf /usr/libexec/virtiofsd /usr/local/bin/virtiofsd
+        virtiofsd --version || virtiofsd --help | head
+    - name: Host clone repo
+      shell: bash
+      env: { GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ github.token }}" }
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        rm -rf repo
+        git clone --no-single-branch --tags "https://x-access-token:${GITHUB_TOKEN}@github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" repo
+    - name: Download QEMU prebuild
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        wget -O qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz "https://github.com/xujiegb/qemu-linux-prebuild/releases/download/${QEMU_VERSION}/qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz"
+        tar -xzf qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2.tar.gz
+        mkdir -p "$HOME/qemu-install"
+        rsync -a qemu-linux-arm64-v8.2/ "$HOME/qemu-install/"
+        "$HOME/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64" --version
+    - name: Download loong64 qcow2 and EFI firmware
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        wget -O "$QCOW2_IMAGE" "$QCOW2_URL"
+        wget -O "$EFI_CODE" "$EFI_CODE_URL"
+        wget -O "$EFI_VARS" "$EFI_VARS_URL"
+        qemu-img info "$QCOW2_IMAGE"
+    - name: Build loong64 RPM in VM through serial console
+      shell: bash
+      timeout-minutes: 180
+      env: { RELEASE_TAG: "${{ env.RELEASE_TAG }}" }
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64"
+
+        export VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET="$RUNNER_TEMP/virtiofs-rpm-loong64.sock"
+        rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"
+
+        sudo virtiofsd --socket-path="$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" --shared-dir="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" --cache=auto &
+
+        VIRTIOFSD_PID=$!
+        trap 'sudo kill "$VIRTIOFSD_PID" 2>/dev/null || true; rm -f "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET"' EXIT
+
+        for i in {1..100}; do
+          [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] && break
+          sleep 0.1
+        done
+
+        [[ -S "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" ]] || { echo "virtiofsd socket not created"; exit 1; }
+        sudo chown "$USER:$(id -gn)" "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
+        sudo chmod 660 "$VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET" || true
+        expect <<'EOF'
+        log_user 1
+        set timeout -1
+        set release_tag $env(RELEASE_TAG)
+        set qemu_bin "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/bin/qemu-system-loongarch64"
+        set qemu_rom_dir "$env(HOME)/qemu-install/share/qemu"
+        set virtiofs_socket $env(VIRTIOFSD_SOCKET)
+        set qcow2 $env(QCOW2_IMAGE)
+        set efi_code $env(EFI_CODE)
+        set efi_vars $env(EFI_VARS)
+        proc wait_prompt {} {
+          expect {
+            -re "__CI_PROMPT__# " {}
+            timeout { exit 1 }
+            eof { exit 1 }
+          }
+        }
+        proc run_cmd {cmd} {
+          send -- "$cmd\r"
+          wait_prompt
+        }
+        spawn $qemu_bin \
+          -L $qemu_rom_dir \
+          -machine virt \
+          -accel tcg,thread=multi,tb-size=2048 \
+          -cpu la464 \
+          -m 9216 \
+          -object memory-backend-memfd,id=mem0,size=9216M,share=on \
+          -numa node,memdev=mem0 \
+          -smp 4 \
+          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=$efi_code,readonly=on \
+          -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=$efi_vars \
+          -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0,bootindex=1 \
+          -drive if=none,media=disk,id=hd0,file=$qcow2,format=qcow2 \
+          -netdev user,id=net0 \
+          -device virtio-net-pci-non-transitional,netdev=net0 \
+          -chardev socket,id=charfs0,path=$virtiofs_socket \
+          -device vhost-user-fs-pci,chardev=charfs0,tag=workspace \
+          -display none \
+          -serial stdio \
+          -monitor none
+        expect -re "login:|fedora login:"
+        send -- "root\r"
+        expect -re "Password:|密码:|密码："
+        send -- "password\r"
+        expect {
+          -re "# " {}
+          timeout { exit 1 }
+          eof { exit 1 }
+        }
+        send -- "export TERM=dumb; export PS1='__CI_PROMPT__# '\r"
+        wait_prompt
+        run_cmd "mkdir -p /workspace"
+        run_cmd "mount -t virtiofs workspace /workspace"
+        run_cmd "IFACE=\$(ip -o link show | awk -F': ' '\$2 != \"lo\" {print \$2; exit}') ; ip link set \$IFACE up || true"
+        run_cmd "dhclient \$IFACE || true"
+        run_cmd "printf 'nameserver 10.0.2.3\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\n' >/etc/resolv.conf"
+        run_cmd "dnf -y makecache || dnf -y makecache || dnf -y makecache"
+        run_cmd "dnf -y install sudo git rpm-build rpmdevtools dnf-plugins-core rsync findutils tar gzip unzip which curl jq file ca-certificates fuse3 --nogpgcheck"
+        run_cmd "rm -rf /root/v2rayN-src"
+        run_cmd "rsync -a --info=progress2 /workspace/repo/ /root/v2rayN-src/"
+        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && git config --global --add safe.directory /root/v2rayN-src"
+        run_cmd "cd /root/v2rayN-src && chmod 755 package-rhel-loong.sh"
+        send -- "cd /root/v2rayN-src; cat >/tmp/run-loong-rpm-build.sh <<'SCRIPT'\nset +e\nset -o pipefail\nbash -x ./package-rhel-loong.sh \"\$RELEASE_TAG\" 2>&1 | tee /tmp/build.log\nrc=\$?\nmkdir -p /workspace/dist/rpm-loong64\nfind /root/rpmbuild/RPMS -name '*.rpm' -exec cp -av {} /workspace/dist/rpm-loong64/ \\; 2>/dev/null || true\necho __BUILD_DONE__\$rc\nSCRIPT\nRELEASE_TAG=\"$release_tag\" bash /tmp/run-loong-rpm-build.sh\r"
+        expect {
+          -re "__BUILD_DONE__0" { send -- "poweroff\r" }
+          default { exit 1 }
+        }
+        EOF
+    - name: Collect RPMs
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        mkdir -p "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64"
+        find "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64" -name "*.loongarch64.rpm" -exec mv {} "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64/v2rayN-linux-rhel-loong64.rpm" \; || true
+        echo "==== Dist tree ===="
+        ls -R "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dist/rpm-loong64"
+    - name: Upload RPM artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+      with: { name: release-rpm-loong64, path: "dist/rpm-loong64/**/*.rpm", if-no-files-found: error }
+
+  release-deb:
+    name: sign and upload deb x64 arm64
+    needs: deb
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-rpm:
+    name: sign and upload rpm x64 arm64
+    needs: rpm
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-rpm-riscv64:
+    name: sign and upload rpm riscv64
+    needs: rpm-riscv64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm-riscv64, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-deb-riscv64:
+    name: sign and upload deb riscv64
+    needs: deb-riscv64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb-riscv64, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-deb-loong64:
+    name: sign and upload deb loong64
+    needs: deb-loong64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-deb-loong64, file_pattern: "*.deb" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
+
+  release-rpm-loong64:
+    name: sign and upload rpm loong64
+    needs: rpm-loong64
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with: { release_tag: "${{ case(inputs.release_tag != '', inputs.release_tag, github.ref_name) }}", artifact_name: release-rpm-loong64, file_pattern: "*.rpm" }
+    secrets: { GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: "${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}" }
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:

 permissions:
  contents: write
+  actions: read

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ jobs:
    with:
      target: macos
      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets: inherit
    
  dmg:
    name: package and release macOS dmg
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
        }} 
    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7

    - name: Restore build artifacts
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
@@ -62,13 +64,24 @@ jobs:
    - name: Package dmg
      run: ./package-osx.sh macos-$Arch v2rayN-macos-$Arch ${{ inputs.release_tag }}

-    - name: Sleep for race condition between matrix jobs
-      run: sleep "$(od -An -N2 -tu2 /dev/urandom | awk 'NR==1{printf "%.2f", $1/5461}')"
-    
-    - name: Upload dmg to release
-      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+    - name: Upload dmg artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
-        file: ${{ github.workspace }}/v2rayN*.dmg
-        tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
-        file_glob: true
-        prerelease: true
+        name: release-dmg-${{ matrix.arch }}
+        path: v2rayN*.dmg
+        if-no-files-found: error
+
+  release-dmg:
+    name: sign and upload macOS dmg
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    needs: dmg
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch: [ x64, arm64 ]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+      artifact_name: release-dmg-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      file_pattern: '*.dmg'
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:

 permissions:
  contents: write
+  actions: read

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -26,3 +27,4 @@ jobs:
    with:
      target: windows-desktop
      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets: inherit
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+name: release Windows x86
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: read
+
+jobs:
+  package-x86:
+    name: build and release windows x86 WPF & Avalonia
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - flavor: wpf
+            project: ./v2rayN/v2rayN/v2rayN.csproj
+            zip_name: v2rayN-windows-86.zip
+          - flavor: desktop
+            project: ./v2rayN/v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj
+            zip_name: v2rayN-windows-86-desktop.zip
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Purge SDKs
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          echo "Before:"
+          dotnet --list-sdks
+          
+          dotnet --list-sdks | % {
+            $_ -match '^\S+\s+\[(.+)\]$' > $null
+            $d = Join-Path $Matches[1] $_.Split()[0]
+            Write-Host "Removing $d"
+            if ($IsWindows) { rm $d -r -fo } else { sudo rm -rf "$d" }
+          }
+
+          echo "After:"
+          dotnet --list-sdks 2>$null; $LASTEXITCODE=0
+
+      - name: Setup .NET 10.0.1xx
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: 10.0.1xx
+
+      - name: Publish ${{ matrix.flavor }} win-x86
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          dotnet restore "${{ matrix.project }}" -r win-x86
+
+          dotnet publish "${{ matrix.project }}" `
+            -c Release `
+            -r win-x86 `
+            -p:SelfContained=true `
+            -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true `
+            -o "publish/${{ matrix.flavor }}"
+
+      - name: Publish AmazTool win-x86
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          dotnet publish "./v2rayN/AmazTool/AmazTool.csproj" `
+            -c Release `
+            -r win-x86 `
+            -p:SelfContained=true `
+            -p:PublishTrimmed=true `
+            -p:EnableWindowsTargeting=true `
+            -o "publish/${{ matrix.flavor }}"
+
+      - name: Detect bundled core versions
+        id: detect-core
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path "tmp/probe" | Out-Null
+
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/raw/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-windows-64/bin/xray/xray.exe" -OutFile "tmp/probe/xray.exe"
+          $xrayOutput = (& "tmp/probe/xray.exe" version) -join "`n"
+          Write-Host $xrayOutput
+
+          $xrayMatch = [regex]::Match($xrayOutput, 'Xray\s+([0-9.]+)')
+          if ($xrayMatch.Success) {
+            $xrayVer = $xrayMatch.Groups[1].Value
+          } else {
+            throw "Failed to detect Xray version"
+          }
+
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/raw/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-windows-64/bin/sing_box/sing-box.exe" -OutFile "tmp/probe/sing-box.exe"
+          $singOutput = (& "tmp/probe/sing-box.exe" version) -join "`n"
+          Write-Host $singOutput
+
+          $singMatch = [regex]::Match($singOutput, 'sing-box version\s+([0-9.]+)')
+          if ($singMatch.Success) {
+            $singVer = $singMatch.Groups[1].Value
+          } else {
+            throw "Failed to detect sing-box version"
+          }
+
+          Write-Host "Bundled Xray version: $xrayVer"
+          Write-Host "Bundled sing-box version: $singVer"
+
+          "xray_version=$xrayVer" >> $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          "sing_version=$singVer" >> $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Download x86 cores and rule assets
+        shell: pwsh
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          $headers = @{
+            Authorization = "Bearer $env:GH_TOKEN"
+            Accept = "application/vnd.github+json"
+            "X-GitHub-Api-Version" = "2022-11-28"
+          }
+
+          $root = "publish/${{ matrix.flavor }}"
+          $bin = Join-Path $root "bin"
+          $xrayDir = Join-Path $bin "xray"
+          $singDir = Join-Path $bin "sing_box"
+          $srssDir = Join-Path $bin "srss"
+
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $xrayDir, $singDir, $srssDir | Out-Null
+
+          $xrayVer = "${{ steps.detect-core.outputs.xray_version }}"
+          $singVer = "${{ steps.detect-core.outputs.sing_version }}"
+
+          $xrayTag = "v$xrayVer"
+          $singTag = "v$singVer"
+
+          $xrayUrl = "https://github.com/autorepobot/Xray/releases/download/$xrayTag/Xray-windows-32.zip"
+          $singUrl = "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/$singTag/sing-box-$singVer-windows-386.zip"
+
+          Write-Host "Bundled Xray version: $xrayVer"
+          Write-Host "Bundled sing-box version: $singVer"
+          Write-Host "Xray: $xrayUrl"
+          Write-Host "sing-box: $singUrl"
+
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path "tmp" | Out-Null
+
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $xrayUrl -OutFile "tmp/xray.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Force "tmp/xray.zip" "tmp/xray"
+
+          Get-ChildItem "tmp/xray" -Recurse -Include "*.exe","*.dll" | ForEach-Object {
+            Copy-Item $_.FullName (Join-Path $xrayDir $_.Name) -Force
+          }
+
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $singUrl -OutFile "tmp/sing-box.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Force "tmp/sing-box.zip" "tmp/sing-box"
+
+          $singExe = Get-ChildItem "tmp/sing-box" -Recurse -Filter "sing-box.exe" | Select-Object -First 1
+          if (-not $singExe) {
+            throw "sing-box.exe not found"
+          }
+
+          Copy-Item $singExe.FullName "$singDir/sing-box.exe" -Force
+
+          $cronet = Get-ChildItem "tmp/sing-box" -Recurse -Filter "libcronet*.dll" | Select-Object -First 1
+          if ($cronet) {
+            Copy-Item $cronet.FullName "$singDir/libcronet.dll" -Force
+          }
+
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat" -OutFile "$bin/geosite.dat"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat" -OutFile "$bin/geoip.dat"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" -OutFile "$bin/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb" -OutFile "$bin/Country.mmdb"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb" -OutFile "$bin/geoip.metadb"
+
+          $geoipRules = @(
+            "geoip-private.srs",
+            "geoip-cn.srs",
+            "geoip-facebook.srs",
+            "geoip-fastly.srs",
+            "geoip-google.srs",
+            "geoip-netflix.srs",
+            "geoip-telegram.srs",
+            "geoip-twitter.srs"
+          )
+
+          foreach ($f in $geoipRules) {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f" -OutFile "$srssDir/$f"
+          }
+
+          $geositeRules = @(
+            "geosite-cn.srs",
+            "geosite-gfw.srs",
+            "geosite-google.srs",
+            "geosite-greatfire.srs",
+            "geosite-geolocation-cn.srs",
+            "geosite-category-ads-all.srs",
+            "geosite-private.srs"
+          )
+
+          foreach ($f in $geositeRules) {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f" -OutFile "$srssDir/$f"
+          }
+
+      - name: Package zip
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+          Compress-Archive `
+            -Path "publish/${{ matrix.flavor }}/*" `
+            -DestinationPath "${{ matrix.zip_name }}" `
+            -Force
+
+      - name: Upload zip artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: release-windows-x86-${{ matrix.flavor }}
+          path: ${{ matrix.zip_name }}
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  release-x86:
+    name: sign and upload windows x86
+    if: inputs.release_tag != ''
+    needs: package-x86
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        flavor: [ wpf, desktop ]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+      artifact_name: release-windows-x86-${{ matrix.flavor }}
+      file_pattern: '*.zip'
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ on:

 permissions:
  contents: write
+  actions: read

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -27,3 +28,4 @@ jobs:
    with:
      target: windows
      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+    secrets: inherit
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ jobs:
        case(
          inputs.target == 'macos', 'macos-latest',
          inputs.target == 'linux', 'ubuntu-24.04',
+          inputs.target == 'windows', 'windows-latest',
          'ubuntu-latest'
        )
      }}
@@ -46,26 +47,49 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7
      with:
        submodules: 'recursive'
        fetch-depth: '0'

-    - name: Setup .NET
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5.3.0
-      with:
-        dotnet-version: '10.0.1xx'
+    - name: Purge SDKs
+      shell: pwsh
+      run: |
+        echo "Before:"
+        dotnet --list-sdks
+        
+        dotnet --list-sdks | % {
+          $_ -match '^\S+\s+\[(.+)\]$' > $null
+          $d = Join-Path $Matches[1] $_.Split()[0]
+          Write-Host "Removing $d"
+          if ($IsWindows) { rm $d -r -fo } else { sudo rm -rf "$d" }
+        }
+        
+        echo "After:"
+        dotnet --list-sdks 2>$null; $LASTEXITCODE=0

+    - name: Setup .NET
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
+      with:
+        dotnet-version: 10.0.1xx
+        
    - name: Build v2rayN
+      shell: bash
      working-directory: ./v2rayN
      run: dotnet publish $Project -c Release -r $RID -p:SelfContained=true $ExtOpt -o $Output

    - name: Build AmazTool
+      shell: bash
      working-directory: ./v2rayN
      run: dotnet publish ./AmazTool/AmazTool.csproj -c Release -r $RID -p:SelfContained=true -p:PublishTrimmed=true $ExtOpt -o $Output

+    - name: Remove Debug Symbols
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        find ${{ matrix.arch }} -type f -name '*.pdb' -delete
+
    - name: Upload build artifacts
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7.0.1
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
        name: ${{ matrix.arch }}
-        path: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+        path: ${{ matrix.arch }}
@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@ on:
      target: # windows linux macos windows-desktop
        required: true
        type: string
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY:
+        required: true

 permissions:
  contents: write
+  actions: read

 jobs:
  package:
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
        }}
    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7

    - name: Restore build artifacts
      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
@@ -55,13 +59,23 @@ jobs:
      if: inputs.target == 'windows-desktop'
      run: mv "v2rayN-$Target-$Arch.zip" "v2rayN-$Target-$Arch-desktop.zip"
    
-    - name: Sleep for race condition between matrix jobs
-      run: sleep "$(od -An -N2 -tu2 /dev/urandom | awk 'NR==1{printf "%.2f", $1/5461}')"
-      
-    - name: Upload zip archive to release
-      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+    - name: Upload zip artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
      with:
-        file: ${{ github.workspace }}/v2rayN*.zip
-        tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
-        file_glob: true
-        prerelease: true
+        name: release-${{ inputs.target }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+        path: v2rayN*.zip
+        if-no-files-found: error
+
+  release:
+    name: sign and upload zip x64 arm64
+    needs: package
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch: [ x64, arm64 ]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/upload-sign.yml
+    with:
+      release_tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+      artifact_name: release-${{ inputs.target }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      file_pattern: '*.zip'
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+name: publish GPG public key
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY:
+        required: true
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    steps:
+    - name: Import GPG private key
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        install -m 700 -d ~/.gnupg
+        printf '%s' "$GPG_PRIVATE_KEY" | gpg --batch --import
+
+    - name: Export GPG public key
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        fingerprint="$(gpg --batch --list-secret-keys --with-colons | awk -F: '$1 == "fpr" { print $10; exit }')"
+        [[ -n "$fingerprint" ]] || { echo "No GPG secret key found."; exit 1; }
+        gpg --batch --armor --export "$fingerprint" > v2rayN-public-key.asc
+
+    - name: Upload GPG public key to release
+      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+      with:
+        file: v2rayN-public-key.asc
+        tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+        prerelease: true
+        overwrite: true
@@ -1,29 +1,52 @@
 name: Code Test

 on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.UdpTest/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Build.*'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props'
+      - 'global.json'
+      - '.github/workflows/test.yml'
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master
    paths:
-      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/Services/CoreConfig/**'
-      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/Handler/Fmt/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.UdpTest/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests/**'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Build.*'
+      - 'v2rayN/Directory.Packages.props'
+      - 'global.json'
      - '.github/workflows/test.yml'

+permissions:
+  checks: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
 jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      with:
-        submodules: 'recursive'
-        fetch-depth: '0'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v7

    - name: Setup .NET
-      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v6
      with:
-        dotnet-version: '8.0.x'
+        dotnet-version: '10.x'
+        dotnet-quality: 'ga'

    - name: Test Code
-      working-directory: ./v2rayN
-      run: dotnet test ./ServiceLib.Tests
+      run: dotnet test --project ./v2rayN/ServiceLib.Tests -c Release --results-directory ./TestResults -- --report-trx
+
+    - name: Comment PR with results
+      if: always()
+      uses: EnricoMi/publish-unit-test-result-action@v2
+      with:
+        files: ./TestResults/*.trx
+        comment_mode: failures
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: sign and upload release files
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      release_tag:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      artifact_name:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      file_pattern:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: '**/*'
+      content_type:
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: application/octet-stream
+    secrets:
+      GPG_PRIVATE_KEY:
+        required: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  actions: read
+
+jobs:
+  upload:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    steps:
+    - name: Download release artifact
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+      with:
+        name: ${{ inputs.artifact_name }}
+        path: dist
+
+    - name: Import GPG private key
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        install -m 700 -d ~/.gnupg
+        printf '%s' "$GPG_PRIVATE_KEY" | gpg --batch --import
+
+    - name: Sign release files
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        cd dist
+        shopt -s globstar nullglob
+        files=( ${{ inputs.file_pattern }} )
+        (( ${#files[@]} )) || { echo "No files matched: ${{ inputs.file_pattern }}"; exit 1; }
+        for f in "${files[@]}"; do
+          [[ -f "$f" ]] || continue
+          gpg --batch --yes --armor --detach-sign --output "$f.sig" "$f"
+        done
+
+    - name: Upload release files
+      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+      with:
+        file: dist/${{ inputs.file_pattern }}
+        tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+        file_glob: true
+        prerelease: true
+        overwrite: true
+
+    - name: Upload release signatures
+      uses: svenstaro/upload-release-action@v2
+      with:
+        file: dist/${{ inputs.file_pattern }}.sig
+        tag: ${{ inputs.release_tag }}
+        file_glob: true
+        prerelease: true
+        overwrite: true
@@ -23,8 +23,13 @@ jobs:

          $targetRelease = $github | Where-Object -Property prerelease -match 'False' | Select -First 1
          
-          $x64InstallerUrl = $targetRelease | Select -ExpandProperty assets -First 1 | Where-Object -Property name -match 'v2rayN-windows-64\.zip' | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url
-          $arm64InstallerUrl = $targetRelease | Select -ExpandProperty assets -First 1 | Where-Object -Property name -match 'v2rayN-windows-arm64\.zip' | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url
+          $assets = $targetRelease | Select -ExpandProperty assets -First 1
+          $x64InstallerUrl = $assets | Where-Object { $_.name -eq 'v2rayN-windows-64.zip' } | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url
+          $arm64InstallerUrl = $assets | Where-Object { $_.name -eq 'v2rayN-windows-arm64.zip' } | Select -ExpandProperty browser_download_url
+
+          if (-not $x64InstallerUrl -or -not $arm64InstallerUrl) {
+            throw "Could not find required installers in release assets."
+          }
          
          $ver = $targetRelease.tag_name

@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ StyleCopReport.xml
 *.rsp
 # but not Directory.Build.rsp, as it configures directory-level build defaults
 !Directory.Build.rsp
+bin/
+obj/
+build/
 *.sbr
 *.tlb
 *.tli
@@ -1,18 +1,80 @@
 # v2rayN

-A GUI client for Windows, Linux and macOS, support [Xray](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core)
-and [sing-box](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box)
-and [others](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/List-of-supported-cores)
+### A GUI client for Windows, Linux and macOS. Support [Xray](https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core) and [sing-box](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box) and [others](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/List-of-supported-cores)

-[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/2dust/v2rayN)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/commits/master)
 [![CodeFactor](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/2dust/v2rayn/badge)](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/2dust/v2rayn)
-[![GitHub Releases](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/2dust/v2rayN/latest/total?logo=github)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/releases)
-[![Chat on Telegram](https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat%20on-Telegram-brightgreen.svg)](https://t.me/v2rayn)
+[![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/2dust/v2rayN?logo=github&label=Release)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/releases)
+[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/2dust/v2rayN/latest/total?logo=github&label=Downloads)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/releases)
+[![Telegram](https://img.shields.io/badge/Telegram-Chat-26A5E4?logo=telegram)](https://t.me/v2rayn)
+ 
+[![Windows](https://img.shields.io/badge/Windows-supported-0078D6?logo=windows)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN) 
+[![Linux](https://img.shields.io/badge/Linux-supported-FCC624?logo=linux&logoColor=000)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN) 
+[![macOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/macOS-supported-000000?logo=apple)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN) 
+[![GPG Signed](https://img.shields.io/badge/GPG-signed-4B32C3?logo=gnuprivacyguard)](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN)

-## How to use

-Read the [Wiki](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki) for details.
+---

-## Telegram Channel
+## Download / 下载

-[github_2dust](https://t.me/github_2dust)
+Download the latest release here:
+
+在这里下载最新版本：
+
+[https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/releases](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/releases)
+
+
+> [!TIP]
+> v2rayN is the desktop version. For the mobile version, please visit the v2rayNG \
+> v2rayN 是电脑版，手机版请访问 v2rayNG
+>
+> https://github.com/2dust/v2rayNG
+
+---
+
+## Documentation / 使用文档
+
+Read the Wiki for usage guides and configuration details.
+
+请阅读 Wiki 获取使用说明和配置教程。
+
+[https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki)
+
+---
+
+## Supported Platforms / 支持平台
+
+| Platform / 平台 | x64 | x86 | arm64 | riscv64 | loong64 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Windows | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | - | - |
+| Linux | ✅ | - | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| macOS | ✅ | - | ✅ | - | - |
+
+Minimum OS requirements: [Release files introduction](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/Release-files-introduction) / 最低系统要求：[发布文件介绍](https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/wiki/Release-files-introduction)
+
+---
+
+## GPG Verification / GPG 签名校验
+
+Release files are signed with GPG to verify authenticity and integrity, helping prevent mirror, ISP, or CDN hijacking.
+
+发布文件已使用 GPG 签名，可用于校验文件真实性与完整性，预防镜像站、运营商或 CDN 劫持。
+
+### Fingerprint / 公钥指纹
+
+```text
+7694 5E9F 3E9A 168F 8070 F195 805D 661C
+134D FAF6 8903 C199 463C 31E5 AE90 3AE0
+```
+
+---
+
+## Community / 社区
+
+Telegram Group / Telegram 群组：
+
+[https://t.me/v2rayN](https://t.me/v2rayN)
+
+Telegram Channel / Telegram 频道：
+
+[https://t.me/github_2dust](https://t.me/github_2dust)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "test": {
+    "runner": "Microsoft.Testing.Platform"
+  }
+}
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ BUILD_FROM=""
 XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
 SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"

-MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
+MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
 DOTNET_TFM="net10.0"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.108"
-DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.108-loongarch64"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.111"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.111-loongarch64"
 DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download"
 DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
 DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}"
@@ -116,20 +116,7 @@ install_dependencies() {

    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
-
-    mkdir -p "$HOME/.nuget/NuGet"
-
-    cat > "$HOME/.nuget/NuGet/NuGet.Config" <<EOF
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<configuration>
-  <packageSources>
-    <clear />
-    <add key="nuget.org" value="https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" />
-    <add key="loongnix" value="https://lnuget.loongnix.cn/v3/index.json" allowInsecureConnections="true" />
-  </packageSources>
-</configuration>
-EOF
-
+    
    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 && install_ok=1
  fi

@@ -610,8 +597,8 @@ package_binary() {
  write_desktop_file "$stage"
  write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"

-  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.34), fontconfig (>= 2.13.1), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 8.32), bash (>= 5.1), libfreetype6 (>= 2.11)"
-
+  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"
+  
  mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
 Source: v2rayn
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${HOME}/debbuild"
-DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.108"
+DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.111"
 DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
 DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
 DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
@@ -595,8 +595,8 @@ package_binary() {
  write_desktop_file "$stage"
  write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"

-  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.34), fontconfig (>= 2.13.1), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 8.32), bash (>= 5.1), libfreetype6 (>= 2.11)"
-
+  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"
+  
  mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
 Source: v2rayn
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ package_binary() {
  write_desktop_file "$stage"
  write_maintainer_scripts "$debian_dir"

-  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.34), fontconfig (>= 2.13.1), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 8.32), bash (>= 5.1), libfreetype6 (>= 2.11)"
+  extra_depends="libc6 (>= 2.39), fontconfig (>= 2.15.0), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.26), xdg-utils (>= 1.1.3), coreutils (>= 9.4), bash (>= 5.2.21), libfreetype6 (>= 2.13)"

  mkdir -p "$workdir/debian"
  cat > "$workdir/debian/control" <<EOF
@@ -753,4 +753,4 @@ main() {
  print_summary
 }

-main "$@"
+main "$@"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ cat >"$PackagePath/v2rayN.app/Contents/Info.plist" <<-EOF
  <key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key>
  <true/>
  <key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key>
-  <string>12.7</string>
+  <string>13.6</string>
 </dict>
 </plist>
 EOF
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+VERSION_ARG=""
+WITH_CORE="both"
+FORCE_NETCORE=0
+BUILD_FROM=""
+XRAY_VER="${XRAY_VER:-}"
+SING_VER="${SING_VER:-}"
+
+MIN_KERNEL="6.12"
+PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
+PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
+RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION="10.0.111"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG="v10.0.111-loongarch64"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE="https://github.com/loongson/dotnet/releases/download"
+DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_VERSION}-linux-loongarch64.tar.gz"
+DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_BASE}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_TAG}/${DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE}"
+
+OS_ID=""
+OS_NAME=""
+OS_VERSION_ID=""
+HOST_ARCH=""
+SCRIPT_DIR=""
+PROJECT=""
+VERSION=""
+
+declare -a BUILT_RPMS=()
+
+die() {
+  echo "$*" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+parse_args() {
+  local first_arg="${1:-}"
+
+  if [[ -n "$first_arg" && "$first_arg" != --* ]]; then
+    VERSION_ARG="$first_arg"
+    shift || true
+  fi
+
+  while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+      --with-core)   WITH_CORE="${2:-both}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --xray-ver)    XRAY_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --singbox-ver) SING_VER="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      --netcore)     FORCE_NETCORE=1; shift ;;
+      --buildfrom)   BUILD_FROM="${2:-}"; shift 2 ;;
+      *)
+        [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]] || VERSION_ARG="$1"
+        shift
+        ;;
+    esac
+  done
+
+  if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" && -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
+    die "You cannot specify both an explicit version and --buildfrom at the same time.
+        Provide either a version (e.g. 7.14.0) OR --buildfrom 1|2|3."
+  fi
+}
+
+detect_environment() {
+  local current_kernel=""
+  local lowest=""
+
+  . /etc/os-release
+
+  OS_ID="${ID:-}"
+  OS_NAME="${NAME:-$OS_ID}"
+  OS_VERSION_ID="${VERSION_ID:-}"
+  HOST_ARCH="$(uname -m)"
+
+  case "$OS_ID" in
+    rhel|rocky|almalinux|fedora|centos)
+      echo "Detected supported system: ${OS_NAME:-$OS_ID} ${OS_VERSION_ID:-}"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      die "Unsupported system: ${OS_NAME:-unknown} (${OS_ID:-unknown}).
+This script only supports: RHEL / Rocky / AlmaLinux / Fedora / CentOS."
+      ;;
+  esac
+
+  case "$HOST_ARCH" in
+    loongarch64) ;;
+    *) die "Only supports loongarch64" ;;
+  esac
+
+  current_kernel="$(uname -r)"
+  lowest="$(printf '%s\n%s\n' "$MIN_KERNEL" "$current_kernel" | sort -V | head -n1)"
+
+  [[ "$lowest" == "$MIN_KERNEL" ]] || die "Kernel $current_kernel is below $MIN_KERNEL"
+  echo "[OK] Kernel $current_kernel verified."
+}
+
+install_dependencies() {
+  local install_ok=0
+  local tmp_dotnet=""
+
+  if command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    sudo dnf -y --nogpgcheck install \
+      rpm-build rpmdevtools curl unzip tar jq rsync git python3 \
+      glibc-devel kernel-headers libatomic file ca-certificates libicu \
+      && install_ok=1
+
+    mkdir -p "$HOME/.dotnet"
+    tmp_dotnet="$(mktemp -d)"
+    curl -fL "$DOTNET_SDK_URL" -o "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+    tar -C "$HOME/.dotnet" -xzf "$tmp_dotnet/$DOTNET_LOONGARCH_FILE"
+    rm -rf "$tmp_dotnet"
+
+    export PATH="$HOME/.dotnet:$PATH"
+    export DOTNET_ROOT="$HOME/.dotnet"
+    
+    dotnet --info >/dev/null 2>&1 || install_ok=0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$install_ok" -ne 1 ]]; then
+    echo "Could not auto-install dependencies for '$OS_ID'. Make sure these are available:"
+    echo "dotnet-loongarch SDK, curl, unzip, tar, rsync, git, python3, rpm, rpmdevtools, rpm-build (on Red Hat branch)"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+prepare_workspace() {
+  SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+  cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
+
+  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
+    git submodule sync --recursive || true
+    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
+  fi
+
+  PROJECT="$PROJECT_HINT"
+  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || PROJECT="$(find . -maxdepth 3 -name 'v2rayN.Desktop.csproj' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -f "$PROJECT" ]] || die "v2rayN.Desktop.csproj not found"
+}
+
+choose_channel() {
+  local ch="latest"
+  local sel=""
+
+  if [[ -n "${BUILD_FROM:-}" ]]; then
+    case "$BUILD_FROM" in
+      1) echo "latest"; return 0 ;;
+      2) echo "prerelease"; return 0 ;;
+      3) echo "keep"; return 0 ;;
+      *) die "[ERROR] Invalid --buildfrom value: ${BUILD_FROM}. Use 1|2|3." ;;
+    esac
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
+    echo "[?] Choose v2rayN release channel:" >&2
+    echo "    1) Latest (stable)  [default]" >&2
+    echo "    2) Pre-release (preview)" >&2
+    echo "    3) Keep current (do nothing)" >&2
+    printf "Enter 1, 2 or 3 [default 1]: " >&2
+
+    if read -r sel </dev/tty; then
+      case "${sel:-}" in
+        2) ch="prerelease" ;;
+        3) ch="keep" ;;
+      esac
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  echo "$ch"
+}
+
+get_latest_tag_latest() {
+  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases/latest" \
+    | jq -re '.tag_name' \
+    | sed 's/^v//'
+}
+
+get_latest_tag_prerelease() {
+  curl -fsSL "https://api.github.com/repos/2dust/v2rayN/releases?per_page=20" \
+    | jq -re 'first(.[] | select(.prerelease == true) | .tag_name)' \
+    | sed 's/^v//'
+}
+
+sync_submodules() {
+  if [[ -f .gitmodules ]]; then
+    git submodule sync --recursive || true
+    git submodule update --init --recursive || true
+  fi
+}
+
+git_try_checkout() {
+  local want="$1"
+  local ref=""
+
+  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    git fetch --tags --force --prune --depth=1 || true
+    git rev-parse "refs/tags/${want}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && ref="$want"
+
+    if [[ -n "$ref" ]]; then
+      echo "[OK] Found ref '${ref}', checking out..."
+      git checkout -f "$ref"
+      sync_submodules
+      return 0
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  return 1
+}
+
+apply_channel_or_keep() {
+  local ch="$1"
+  local tag=""
+
+  if [[ "$ch" == "keep" ]]; then
+    echo "[*] Keep current repository state (no checkout)."
+    VERSION="$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0 2>/dev/null || echo '0.0.0+git')"
+    VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  echo "[*] Resolving ${ch} tag from GitHub releases..."
+
+  case "$ch" in
+    latest)     tag="$(get_latest_tag_latest || true)" ;;
+    prerelease) tag="$(get_latest_tag_prerelease || true)" ;;
+    *)          die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'." ;;
+  esac
+
+  [[ -n "$tag" ]] || die "Failed to resolve latest tag for channel '${ch}'."
+
+  echo "[*] Latest tag for '${ch}': ${tag}"
+  git_try_checkout "$tag" || die "Failed to checkout '${tag}'."
+  VERSION="${tag#v}"
+}
+
+resolve_version() {
+  if git rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if [[ -n "${VERSION_ARG:-}" ]]; then
+      local clean_ver="${VERSION_ARG#v}"
+
+      if git_try_checkout "$clean_ver"; then
+        VERSION="$clean_ver"
+      else
+        echo "[WARN] Tag '${VERSION_ARG}' not found."
+        apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
+      fi
+    else
+      apply_channel_or_keep "$(choose_channel)"
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "Current directory is not a git repo; proceeding on current tree."
+    VERSION="${VERSION_ARG:-0.0.0}"
+  fi
+
+  VERSION="${VERSION#v}"
+  echo "[*] GUI version resolved as: ${VERSION}"
+}
+
+xray_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+  local ver="$2"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/download/v${ver}/Xray-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+singbox_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+  local ver="$2"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/download/v${ver}/sing-box-${ver}-linux-loong64.tar.gz" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+bundle_url_for_rid() {
+  local rid="$1"
+
+  case "$rid" in
+    linux-loongarch64) echo "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/v2rayN-core-bin/refs/heads/master/v2rayN-linux-loong64.zip" ;;
+    *)                 return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+download_xray() {
+  local outdir="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local ver="${XRAY_VER:-}"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$outdir"
+
+  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
+    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/XTLS/Xray-core/releases/latest \
+      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
+      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
+      | head -n1)" || true
+  fi
+
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[xray] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
+  url="$(xray_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[xray] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Download xray: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/xray.zip" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  unzip -q "$tmp/xray.zip" -d "$tmp" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  install -m 755 "$tmp/xray" "$outdir/xray" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+}
+
+download_singbox() {
+  local outdir="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local ver="${SING_VER:-}"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+  local bin=""
+  local cronet=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$outdir"
+
+  if [[ -z "$ver" ]]; then
+    ver="$(curl -fsSL https://api.github.com/repos/SagerNet/sing-box/releases/latest \
+      | grep -Eo '"tag_name":\s*"v[^"]+"' \
+      | sed -E 's/.*"v([^"]+)".*/\1/' \
+      | head -n1)" || true
+  fi
+
+  [[ -n "$ver" ]] || { echo "[sing-box] Failed to get version"; return 1; }
+  url="$(singbox_url_for_rid "$rid" "$ver")" || { echo "[sing-box] Unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Download sing-box: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  tar -C "$tmp" -xzf "$tmp/singbox.tar.gz" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  bin="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'sing-box' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -n "$bin" ]] || { echo "[!] sing-box unpack failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  install -m 755 "$bin" "$outdir/sing-box" || { rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  cronet="$(find "$tmp" -type f -name 'libcronet*.so*' | head -n1 || true)"
+  [[ -n "$cronet" ]] && install -m 644 "$cronet" "$outdir/libcronet.so" || true
+
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+}
+
+unify_geo_layout() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local n
+  local names=(
+    geosite.dat
+    geoip.dat
+    geoip-only-cn-private.dat
+    Country.mmdb
+    geoip.metadb
+  )
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+
+  for n in "${names[@]}"; do
+    if [[ -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" ]]; then
+      mv -f "$outroot/bin/xray/$n" "$outroot/bin/$n"
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+download_geo_assets() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local bin_dir="$outroot/bin"
+  local srss_dir="$bin_dir/srss"
+  local f=""
+
+  mkdir -p "$bin_dir" "$srss_dir"
+
+  echo "[+] Download Xray Geo to ${bin_dir}"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geosite.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geosite.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.dat" "https://github.com/Loyalsoldier/V2ray-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip-only-cn-private.dat" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/geoip-only-cn-private.dat"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/Country.mmdb" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Loyalsoldier/geoip/release/Country.mmdb"
+
+  echo "[+] Download sing-box rule DB & rule-sets"
+  curl -fsSL -o "$bin_dir/geoip.metadb" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/meta-rules-dat/releases/latest/download/geoip.metadb"
+
+  for f in geoip-private.srs geoip-cn.srs geoip-facebook.srs geoip-fastly.srs geoip-google.srs geoip-netflix.srs geoip-telegram.srs geoip-twitter.srs; do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geoip/$f"
+  done
+
+  for f in geosite-cn.srs geosite-gfw.srs geosite-google.srs geosite-greatfire.srs geosite-geolocation-cn.srs geosite-category-ads-all.srs geosite-private.srs; do
+    curl -fsSL -o "$srss_dir/$f" "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/2dust/sing-box-rules/refs/heads/rule-set-geosite/$f"
+  done
+
+  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
+}
+
+populate_assets_zip_mode() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local url=""
+  local tmp=""
+  local nested_dir=""
+
+  url="$(bundle_url_for_rid "$rid")" || { echo "[!] Bundle unsupported RID: $rid"; return 1; }
+
+  echo "[+] Try v2rayN bundle archive: $url"
+
+  tmp="$(mktemp -d)"
+  curl -fL "$url" -o "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" || { echo "[!] Bundle download failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+  unzip -q "$tmp/v2rayn.zip" -d "$tmp" || { echo "[!] Bundle unzip failed"; rm -rf "$tmp"; return 1; }
+
+  if [[ -d "$tmp/bin" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+    rsync -a "$tmp/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
+  else
+    rsync -a "$tmp/" "$outroot/"
+  fi
+
+  rm -f "$outroot/v2rayn.zip" 2>/dev/null || true
+  find "$outroot" -type d -name "mihomo" -prune -exec rm -rf {} + 2>/dev/null || true
+
+  nested_dir="$(find "$outroot" -maxdepth 1 -type d -name 'v2rayN-linux-*' | head -n1 || true)"
+  if [[ -n "$nested_dir" && -d "$nested_dir/bin" ]]; then
+    mkdir -p "$outroot/bin"
+    rsync -a "$nested_dir/bin/" "$outroot/bin/"
+    rm -rf "$nested_dir"
+  fi
+
+  unify_geo_layout "$outroot"
+  rm -rf "$tmp"
+
+  echo "[+] Bundle extracted to $outroot"
+}
+
+populate_assets_netcore_mode() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
+
+  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "xray" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
+    download_xray "$outroot/bin/xray" "$rid" || echo "[!] xray download failed (skipped)"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$WITH_CORE" == "sing-box" || "$WITH_CORE" == "both" ]]; then
+    download_singbox "$outroot/bin/sing_box" "$rid" || echo "[!] sing-box download failed (skipped)"
+  fi
+
+  download_geo_assets "$outroot" || echo "[!] Geo rules download failed (skipped)"
+}
+
+stage_runtime_assets() {
+  local outroot="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+
+  mkdir -p "$outroot/bin/xray" "$outroot/bin/sing_box"
+
+  if [[ "$FORCE_NETCORE" -eq 0 ]]; then
+    if populate_assets_zip_mode "$outroot" "$rid"; then
+      echo "[*] Using v2rayN bundle archive."
+    else
+      echo "[*] Bundle failed, fallback to separate core + rules."
+      populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
+    fi
+  else
+    echo "[*] --netcore specified: use separate core + rules."
+    populate_assets_netcore_mode "$outroot" "$rid"
+  fi
+}
+
+describe_target() {
+  local short="$1"
+
+  case "$short" in
+    loongarch64) printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n' "linux-loongarch64" "loongarch64" "loongarch64" ;;
+    *)           echo "Unknown arch '$short' (use loongarch64)" >&2; return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+publish_binary() {
+  local rid="$1"
+
+  dotnet clean "$PROJECT" -c Release
+  rm -rf "$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0" || true
+  dotnet restore "$PROJECT"
+  dotnet publish "$PROJECT" -c Release -r "$rid" -p:PublishSingleFile=false -p:SelfContained=true
+}
+
+write_spec_file() {
+  local specfile="$1"
+
+  cat > "$specfile" <<'SPEC'
+%global debug_package %{nil}
+%undefine _debuginfo_subpackages
+%undefine _debugsource_packages
+%global __requires_exclude ^liblttng-ust\.so\..*$
+
+Name:           v2rayN
+Version:        __VERSION__
+Release:        1%{?dist}
+Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
+License:        GPL-3.0-only
+URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
+BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
+ExclusiveArch:  loongarch64
+Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz
+
+Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
+Requires:       glibc >= 2.39
+Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.15.0
+Requires:       desktop-file-utils >= 0.26
+Requires:       xdg-utils >= 1.1.3
+Requires:       coreutils >= 9.4
+Requires:       bash >= 5.2.21
+Requires:       freetype >= 2.13
+
+%description
+v2rayN Linux for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
+Support vless / vmess / Trojan / http / socks / Anytls / Hysteria2 / Shadowsocks / tuic / WireGuard
+Support Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Fedora Linux / Rocky Linux / AlmaLinux / CentOS
+For more information, Please visit our website
+https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
+
+%prep
+%setup -q -n __PKGROOT__
+
+%build
+
+%install
+install -dm0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN
+cp -a * %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/
+
+find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type d -exec chmod 0755 {} +
+find %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN -type f -exec chmod 0644 {} +
+[ -f %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN ] && chmod 0755 %{buildroot}/opt/v2rayN/v2rayN || :
+
+install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_bindir}
+install -m0755 /dev/stdin %{buildroot}%{_bindir}/v2rayn << 'EOF'
+#!/usr/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+DIR="/opt/v2rayN"
+
+if [[ -x "$DIR/v2rayN" ]]; then exec "$DIR/v2rayN" "$@"; fi
+
+for dll in v2rayN.Desktop.dll v2rayN.dll; do
+  if [[ -f "$DIR/$dll" ]]; then exec /usr/bin/dotnet "$DIR/$dll" "$@"; fi
+done
+
+echo "v2rayN launcher: no executable found in $DIR" >&2
+ls -l "$DIR" >&2 || true
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications
+install -m0644 /dev/stdin %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/applications/v2rayn.desktop << 'EOF'
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=v2rayN
+Comment=v2rayN for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
+Exec=v2rayn
+Icon=v2rayn
+Terminal=false
+Categories=Network;
+EOF
+
+install -dm0755 %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps
+install -m0644 %{_builddir}/__PKGROOT__/v2rayn.png %{buildroot}%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png
+
+%post
+/usr/bin/update-desktop-database %{_datadir}/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache -f %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+%postun
+/usr/bin/update-desktop-database %{_datadir}/applications >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+/usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache -f %{_datadir}/icons/hicolor >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+%files
+%{_bindir}/v2rayn
+/opt/v2rayN
+%{_datadir}/applications/v2rayn.desktop
+%{_datadir}/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/v2rayn.png
+SPEC
+
+  sed -i "s/__VERSION__/${VERSION}/g" "$specfile"
+  sed -i "s/__PKGROOT__/${PKGROOT}/g" "$specfile"
+}
+
+package_binary() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local rid="$2"
+  local rpm_target="$3"
+  local archdir="$4"
+  local pubdir=""
+  local workdir=""
+  local specfile=""
+  local sourcedir=""
+  local specdir=""
+  local project_dir=""
+  local icon_candidate=""
+  local f=""
+
+  pubdir="$(dirname "$PROJECT")/bin/Release/net10.0/${rid}/publish"
+  [[ -d "$pubdir" ]] || { echo "Publish directory not found: $pubdir"; return 1; }
+
+  workdir="$(mktemp -d)"
+  trap '[[ -n "${workdir:-}" ]] && rm -rf "$workdir"' RETURN
+
+  mkdir -p "$workdir/$PKGROOT"
+  cp -a "$pubdir/." "$workdir/$PKGROOT/"
+
+  project_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$PROJECT")" && pwd)"
+  icon_candidate="$project_dir/v2rayN.png"
+  [[ -f "$icon_candidate" ]] || { echo "Required icon not found: $icon_candidate"; return 1; }
+  cp "$icon_candidate" "$workdir/$PKGROOT/v2rayn.png"
+
+  stage_runtime_assets "$workdir/$PKGROOT" "$rid"
+
+  rpmdev-setuptree
+  sourcedir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SOURCES"
+  specdir="${RPM_TOPDIR}/SPECS"
+  specfile="${specdir}/v2rayN.spec"
+
+  mkdir -p "$sourcedir" "$specdir"
+  tar -C "$workdir" -czf "$sourcedir/$PKGROOT.tar.gz" "$PKGROOT"
+
+  write_spec_file "$specfile"
+  rpmbuild -ba "$specfile" --target "$rpm_target"
+
+  echo "Build done for $short. RPM at:"
+  for f in "${RPM_TOPDIR}/RPMS/${archdir}/v2rayN-${VERSION}-1"*.rpm; do
+    [[ -e "$f" ]] || continue
+    echo "  $f"
+    BUILT_RPMS+=("$f")
+  done
+}
+
+select_targets() {
+  printf '%s\n' loongarch64
+}
+
+build_one_target() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local meta=()
+  local rid=""
+  local rpm_target=""
+  local archdir=""
+
+  mapfile -t meta < <(describe_target "$short") || return 1
+  rid="${meta[0]}"
+  rpm_target="${meta[1]}"
+  archdir="${meta[2]}"
+
+  echo "[*] Building for target: $short  (RID=$rid, RPM --target $rpm_target)"
+  publish_binary "$rid"
+  package_binary "$short" "$rid" "$rpm_target" "$archdir"
+}
+
+print_summary() {
+  local rp=""
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "================ Build Summary ================"
+  if [[ "${#BUILT_RPMS[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
+    for rp in "${BUILT_RPMS[@]}"; do
+      echo "$rp"
+    done
+  else
+    echo "No RPMs detected in summary (check build logs above)."
+  fi
+  echo "=============================================="
+}
+
+main() {
+  local targets=()
+  local arch=""
+
+  parse_args "$@"
+  detect_environment
+  install_dependencies
+  prepare_workspace
+  resolve_version
+
+  mapfile -t targets < <(select_targets)
+
+  for arch in "${targets[@]}"; do
+    build_one_target "$arch"
+  done
+
+  print_summary
+}
+
+main "$@"
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ MIN_KERNEL="5.10"
 PKGROOT="v2rayN-publish"
 PROJECT_HINT="v2rayN.Desktop/v2rayN.Desktop.csproj"
 RPM_TOPDIR="${HOME}/rpmbuild"
-DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.108"
+DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION="10.0.111"
 DOTNET_RISCV_BASE="https://github.com/xujiegb/dotnet-riscv/releases/download"
 DOTNET_RISCV_FILE="dotnet-sdk-${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}-linux-riscv64.tar.gz"
 DOTNET_SDK_URL="${DOTNET_RISCV_BASE}/${DOTNET_RISCV_VERSION}/${DOTNET_RISCV_FILE}"
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ write_spec_file() {
 Name:           v2rayN
 Version:        __VERSION__
 Release:        1%{?dist}
-Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux (riscv64)
+Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
 License:        GPL-3.0-only
 URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
 BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
@@ -509,13 +509,13 @@ ExclusiveArch:  riscv64
 Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz

 Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
-Requires:       glibc >= 2.34
-Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.13.1
+Requires:       glibc >= 2.39
+Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.15.0
 Requires:       desktop-file-utils >= 0.26
 Requires:       xdg-utils >= 1.1.3
-Requires:       coreutils >= 8.32
-Requires:       bash >= 5.1
-Requires:       freetype >= 2.10
+Requires:       coreutils >= 9.4
+Requires:       bash >= 5.2.21
+Requires:       freetype >= 2.13

 %description
 v2rayN Linux for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ write_spec_file() {
 Name:           v2rayN
 Version:        __VERSION__
 Release:        1%{?dist}
-Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux (x86_64/aarch64)
+Summary:        v2rayN (Avalonia) GUI client for Linux
 License:        GPL-3.0-only
 URL:            https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN
 BugURL:         https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN/issues
@@ -498,13 +498,13 @@ ExclusiveArch:  aarch64 x86_64
 Source0:        __PKGROOT__.tar.gz

 Requires:       cairo, pango, openssl, mesa-libEGL, mesa-libGL
-Requires:       glibc >= 2.34
-Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.13.1
+Requires:       glibc >= 2.39
+Requires:       fontconfig >= 2.15.0
 Requires:       desktop-file-utils >= 0.26
 Requires:       xdg-utils >= 1.1.3
-Requires:       coreutils >= 8.32
-Requires:       bash >= 5.1
-Requires:       freetype >= 2.10
+Requires:       coreutils >= 9.4
+Requires:       bash >= 5.2.21
+Requires:       freetype >= 2.13

 %description
 v2rayN Linux for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
@@ -698,4 +698,4 @@ main() {
  print_summary
 }

-main "$@"
+main "$@"
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <Project>

    <PropertyGroup>
-        <Version>7.22.7</Version>
+        <Version>7.25.0</Version>
    </PropertyGroup>

    <PropertyGroup>
@@ -1,39 +1,37 @@
 <Project>
-    <PropertyGroup>
-        <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
-        <CentralPackageTransitivePinningEnabled>true</CentralPackageTransitivePinningEnabled>
-        <CentralPackageVersionOverrideEnabled>false</CentralPackageVersionOverrideEnabled>
-    </PropertyGroup>
-    <ItemGroup>
-        <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.AvaloniaEdit" Version="11.4.1" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Controls.DataGrid" Version="11.3.13" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="11.3.17" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Diagnostics" Version="11.3.17" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="AwesomeAssertions" Version="9.4.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="DialogHost.Avalonia" Version="0.11.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="IPNetwork2" Version="4.3.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.Avalonia" Version="11.4.13" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="CliWrap" Version="3.10.1" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Downloader" Version="5.7.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.6.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="H.NotifyIcon.Wpf" Version="2.4.1" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="MaterialDesignThemes" Version="5.3.2" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="QRCoder" Version="1.8.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI" Version="23.2.28" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.Fody" Version="19.5.41" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.WPF" Version="23.2.28" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia" Version="11.3.14" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia.AvaloniaEdit" Version="11.2.0.2" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia.DataGrid" Version="11.3.7.3" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="NLog" Version="6.1.3" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="sqlite-net-e" Version="1.11.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="Repobot.SQLite.Unofficial" Version="3.53.2" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="TaskScheduler" Version="2.12.2" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="WebDav.Client" Version="2.9.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="3.1.5" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="xunit.v3" Version="3.2.2" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="18.0.0" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="ZXing.Net.Bindings.SkiaSharp" Version="0.16.22" />
-        <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4" />
-    </ItemGroup>
-</Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>true</ManagePackageVersionsCentrally>
+    <CentralPackageTransitivePinningEnabled>true</CentralPackageTransitivePinningEnabled>
+    <CentralPackageVersionOverrideEnabled>false</CentralPackageVersionOverrideEnabled>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.AvaloniaEdit" Version="12.0.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Controls.DataGrid" Version="12.1.2" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Avalonia.Desktop" Version="12.1.2" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="AvaloniaUI.DiagnosticsSupport" Version="2.2.3" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="DialogHost.Avalonia" Version="0.12.3" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="IPNetwork2" Version="4.3.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.Avalonia" Version="12.1.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="CliWrap" Version="3.10.5" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Downloader" Version="5.9.6" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="H.NotifyIcon.Wpf" Version="2.4.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="MaterialDesignThemes" Version="5.3.2" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="QRCoder" Version="1.8.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI" Version="24.2.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.SourceGenerators" Version="3.2.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="ReactiveUI.WPF" Version="24.2.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia" Version="12.1.0.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia.AvaloniaEdit" Version="12.0.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Semi.Avalonia.DataGrid" Version="12.1.0.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="NLog" Version="6.2.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="sqlite-net-e" Version="1.11.285" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Repobot.SQLite.Unofficial" Version="3.53.4.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="TaskScheduler" Version="2.12.2" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit" Version="1.65.68" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should" Version="1.65.38-beta" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="WebDav.Client" Version="2.9.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="YamlDotNet" Version="18.1.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="ZXing.Net.Bindings.SkiaSharp" Version="0.16.22" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="SkiaSharp.NativeAssets.Linux" Version="3.119.4" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Handler.Builder;
-using ServiceLib.Helper;
-using ServiceLib.Models;
-using Xunit;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig.Context;

 public class CoreConfigContextBuilderTests
 {
-    [Fact]
+    [Test]
    public async Task ResolveNodeAsync_DirectCycleDependency_ShouldFailWithCycleError()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig();
@@ -27,13 +20,13 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilderTests

        var (_, validatorResult) = await CoreConfigContextBuilder.ResolveNodeAsync(context, groupA, false);

-        validatorResult.Success.Should().BeFalse();
-        validatorResult.Errors.Should().Contain(msg => ContainsCycleDependencyMessage(msg));
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
+        await validatorResult.Success.Should().BeFalse();
+        await validatorResult.Errors.Should().Contain(ContainsCycleDependencyMessage);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
    }

-    [Fact]
+    [Test]
    public async Task ResolveNodeAsync_IndirectCycleDependency_ShouldFailWithCycleError()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig();
@@ -53,14 +46,14 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilderTests

        var (_, validatorResult) = await CoreConfigContextBuilder.ResolveNodeAsync(context, groupA, false);

-        validatorResult.Success.Should().BeFalse();
-        validatorResult.Errors.Should().Contain(msg => ContainsCycleDependencyMessage(msg));
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupC.IndexId);
+        await validatorResult.Success.Should().BeFalse();
+        await validatorResult.Errors.Should().Contain(ContainsCycleDependencyMessage);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupC.IndexId);
    }

-    [Fact]
+    [Test]
    public async Task ResolveNodeAsync_CycleWithValidBranch_ShouldSkipCycleAndKeepValidChild()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig();
@@ -80,14 +73,14 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilderTests

        var (_, validatorResult) = await CoreConfigContextBuilder.ResolveNodeAsync(context, groupA, false);

-        validatorResult.Success.Should().BeTrue();
-        validatorResult.Errors.Should().BeEmpty();
-        validatorResult.Warnings.Should().Contain(msg => ContainsCycleDependencyMessage(msg));
+        await validatorResult.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await validatorResult.Errors.Should().BeEmpty();
+        await validatorResult.Warnings.Should().Contain(ContainsCycleDependencyMessage);

-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().ContainKey(leaf.IndexId);
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().ContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
-        context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
-        groupA.GetProtocolExtra().ChildItems.Should().Be(leaf.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().ContainKey(leaf.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().ContainKey(groupA.IndexId);
+        await context.AllProxiesMap.Should().NotContainKey(groupB.IndexId);
+        await groupA.GetProtocolExtra().ChildItems.Should().BeEqualTo(leaf.IndexId);
    }

    private static string NewId(string prefix)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
                },
            WebDavItem = new WebDavItem(),
            CheckUpdateItem = new CheckUpdateItem(),
-            Fragment4RayItem = new Fragment4RayItem { Packets = "tlshello", Length = "100-200", Interval = "10-20" },
+            Fragment4RayItem = new Fragment4RayItem { Packets = "tlshello", Lengths = ["100-200"], Delays = ["10-20"] },
            Inbound =
            [
                new InItem
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
                ParallelQuery = false,
                Strategy4Freedom = Global.AsIs,
                Strategy4Proxy = Global.AsIs,
+                Strategy4ProxyDial = Global.AsIs,
            },
            IndexId = string.Empty,
            SubIndexId = string.Empty,
@@ -130,6 +131,42 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
        };
    }

+    public static ProfileItem CreateHttpNode(ECoreType coreType, string indexId = "node-http-1",
+        string remarks = "demo-http")
+    {
+        return new ProfileItem
+        {
+            IndexId = indexId,
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.HTTP,
+            CoreType = coreType,
+            Remarks = remarks,
+            Address = "proxy.example.com",
+            Port = 8080,
+            Password = "pass",
+            Username = "user",
+            Network = nameof(ETransport.raw),
+            StreamSecurity = string.Empty,
+            Subid = string.Empty,
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static ProfileItem CreateCustomOutboundNode(ECoreType coreType, string indexId = "node-custom-1",
+        string remarks = "demo-custom-outbound", string address = "custom_outbound.json")
+    {
+        return new ProfileItem
+        {
+            IndexId = indexId,
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Outbound,
+            CoreType = coreType,
+            Remarks = remarks,
+            Address = address,
+            Port = 0,
+            Network = nameof(ETransport.raw),
+            StreamSecurity = string.Empty,
+            Subid = string.Empty,
+        };
+    }
+
    public static ProfileItem CreatePolicyGroupNode(ECoreType coreType, string indexId, string remarks,
        IEnumerable<string> childIndexIds)
    {
@@ -168,7 +205,8 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
        return node;
    }

-    public static CoreConfigContext CreateContext(Config config, ProfileItem node, ECoreType runCoreType)
+    public static CoreConfigContext CreateContext(Config config, ProfileItem node, ECoreType runCoreType,
+        bool hasGlobalIPv6Address = true)
    {
        return new CoreConfigContext
        {
@@ -189,6 +227,7 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
            FullConfigTemplate = null,
            IsTunEnabled = config.TunModeItem.EnableTun,
            ProtectDomainList = [],
+            HasGlobalIPv6Address = hasGlobalIPv6Address,
        };
    }

@@ -214,4 +253,12 @@ internal static class CoreConfigTestFactory
        config.TunModeItem.RouteExcludeAddress = ["10.0.0.1/32", "192.168.1.0/24", "fc00::/7"];
        return config;
    }
+
+    public static Config CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType coreType, bool enableIPv6Address)
+    {
+        var config = CreateConfig(coreType);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableTun = true;
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address = enableIPv6Address;
+        return config;
+    }
 }
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Common;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Manager;
-using ServiceLib.Models;
-using ServiceLib.Services.CoreConfig;
-using Xunit;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig.Singbox;

 public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests
 {
-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ShouldGenerateBasicProxyConfig()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ShouldGenerateBasicProxyConfig()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -20,17 +12,17 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
-        result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();

        var singboxConfig = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString());
-        singboxConfig.Should().NotBeNull();
-        singboxConfig!.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "socks");
-        singboxConfig.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.type == nameof(EInboundProtocol.mixed));
+        await singboxConfig.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await singboxConfig!.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "socks");
+        await singboxConfig.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.type == nameof(EInboundProtocol.mixed));
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_TunWithLoopbackPreSocks_ShouldKeepMixedInbound()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunWithLoopbackPreSocks_ShouldKeepMixedInbound()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -44,18 +36,100 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.inbounds.Should().Contain(i =>
+        await cfg.inbounds.Should().Contain(i =>
            i.type == nameof(EInboundProtocol.mixed)
            && i.listen == Global.Loopback
            && i.listen_port == AppManager.Instance.GetLocalPort(EInboundProtocol.socks));
-        cfg.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.type == "tun");
+        await cfg.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.type == "tun");
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_BindInterface_ShouldUseDialBindInterface()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunEnabled_ShouldKeepEmbeddedTunRules()
+    {
+        // The embedded tun rules reject local-network noise (NetBIOS/mDNS, multicast).
+        // They are deserialized into List<Rule4Sbox>, so a schema mismatch in the
+        // embedded template makes JsonUtils.Deserialize return null and silently
+        // drops every one of them.
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableTun = true;
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box) with
+        {
+            IsTunEnabled = true,
+        };
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+
+        await cfg.route.rules.Should().Contain(
+            r => r.action == "reject"
+                && r.network != null && r.network.Contains("udp")
+                && r.port != null && r.port.Contains(5353),
+            "the embedded tun rules must reject mDNS/NetBIOS noise");
+        await cfg.route.rules.Should().Contain(
+            r => r.action == "reject"
+                && r.ip_cidr != null && r.ip_cidr.Contains("224.0.0.0/3"),
+            "the embedded tun rules must reject multicast traffic");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunEnabled_ShouldRejectTrafficToTunOwnAddresses()
+    {
+        // Regression test: traffic addressed to the TUN interface's own addresses must
+        // never reach an outbound. auto_route hijacks the default route, so `direct`
+        // writes such a packet straight back into the TUN, which routes it to the
+        // outbound again - an infinite loop that pins a CPU core. Observed in the wild
+        // with WebRTC ICE connectivity checks against the TUN's own fc00::/7 ULA
+        // address, sustaining ~8k packets/s out of the TUN interface.
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableTun = true;
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address = true;
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box) with
+        {
+            IsTunEnabled = true,
+        };
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tun = cfg.inbounds.First(i => i.type == "tun");
+        //tun.address.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty();
+        await tun.address.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tun.address.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+
+        foreach (var address in tun.address!)
+        {
+            var self = IPAddress.Parse(address.Split('/').First());
+            var hostBits = self.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6 ? 128 : 32;
+            var expected = $"{self}/{hostBits}";
+            await cfg.route.rules.Should().Contain(
+                r => r.action == "reject" && r.ip_cidr != null && r.ip_cidr.Contains(expected),
+                $"traffic to the TUN's own address '{address}' must be rejected, not routed");
+        }
+
+        // The match has to stay on the addresses themselves. sing-tun derives the TUN's DNS
+        // entry from the address right after the interface's own, and every prefix offered
+        // here leaves room for it, so a prefix match would drop system name lookups too.
+        var dropRule = cfg.route.rules.First(r =>
+            r.action == "reject" && r.method == "drop" && r.ip_cidr?.Count > 0);
+        //dropRule.ip_cidr!.Should().OnlyContain(c =>
+        //    c.EndsWith("/32", StringComparison.Ordinal) || c.EndsWith("/128", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await dropRule.ip_cidr.Should().All(c => c.EndsWith("/32", StringComparison.Ordinal) || c.EndsWith("/128", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_BindInterface_ShouldUseDialBindInterface()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        config.CoreBasicItem.BindInterface = "eth0";
@@ -69,16 +143,16 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var proxy = cfg.outbounds.First(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag);

-        proxy.bind_interface.Should().Be("eth0");
-        proxy.detour.Should().BeNullOrEmpty();
+        await proxy.bind_interface.Should().BeEqualTo("eth0");
+        await proxy.detour.Should().BeNull().Or.BeEmpty();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroup_ShouldExpandChildrenAndBuildSelector()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroup_ShouldExpandChildrenAndBuildSelector()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -95,17 +169,17 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChain_ShouldBuildDetourChain()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChain_ShouldBuildDetourChain()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -122,18 +196,18 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "socks");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o =>
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "socks");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o =>
            o.tag == Global.ProxyTag &&
            (o.detour ?? string.Empty).StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroupWithProxyChain_ShouldBuildCombinedOutbounds()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroupWithProxyChain_ShouldBuildCombinedOutbounds()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -155,18 +229,18 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChainWithPolicyGroup_ShouldBuildClonedChainBranches()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChainWithPolicyGroup_ShouldBuildClonedChainBranches()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -188,25 +262,25 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.type == "selector");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == $"{Global.ProxyTag}-auto" && o.type == "urltest");
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));

        var proxyCloneCount = cfg.outbounds.Count(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-clone-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        proxyCloneCount.Should().Be(2);
+        await proxyCloneCount.Should().BeEqualTo(2);

        var allCloneDetoursPointToGroupBranches = cfg.outbounds
            .Where(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-clone-", StringComparison.Ordinal))
            .All(o => (o.detour ?? string.Empty).StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        allCloneDetoursPointToGroupBranches.Should().BeTrue();
+        await allCloneDetoursPointToGroupBranches.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_DirectAndBlock_ShouldApplyRules()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_DirectAndBlock_ShouldApplyRules()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -242,24 +316,24 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

        var hasDirectRule = cfg.route.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("direct.example.com")
            && r.outbound == Global.DirectTag);
-        hasDirectRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasDirectRule.Should().BeTrue();

        var hasBlockRule = cfg.route.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("block.example.com")
            && r.action == "reject");
-        hasBlockRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasBlockRule.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_ByRemark_ShouldGenerateTargetOutbound()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_ByRemark_ShouldGenerateTargetOutbound()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -291,65 +365,21 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var expectedPrefix = $"{routeNode.IndexId}-{Global.ProxyTag}-{routeNode.Remarks}";

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));

        var hasRouteRule = cfg.route.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("route.example.com")
            && (r.outbound ?? string.Empty).StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        hasRouteRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasRouteRule.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_ShouldApplyGeoipAndCidrToDirectDnsRule()
-    {
-        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithDirectExpectedIPs(
-            ECoreType.sing_box,
-            "192.168.0.0/16,geoip:cn");
-        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
-
-        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateSocksNode(ECoreType.sing_box, "n-main", "main");
-        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box) with
-        {
-            RoutingItem = new RoutingItem
-            {
-                Id = "r-dns-direct-expected",
-                Remarks = "dns-direct-expected",
-                RuleSet = JsonUtils.Serialize(new List<RulesItem>
-                {
-                    new()
-                    {
-                        Enabled = true,
-                        RuleType = ERuleType.DNS,
-                        OutboundTag = Global.DirectTag,
-                        Domain = ["geosite:cn"],
-                    }
-                }),
-                DomainStrategy = Global.AsIs,
-                DomainStrategy4Singbox = string.Empty,
-            }
-        };
-
-        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
-
-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
-        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
-
-        var hasExpectedRule = cfg.dns.rules?.Any(r =>
-            r.server == Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag
-            && r.ip_cidr?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
-            && r.rule_set?.Contains("geosite-cn") == true
-            && r.rule_set?.Contains("geoip-cn") == true) ?? false;
-
-        hasExpectedRule.Should().BeTrue();
-    }
-
-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_BootstrapDNS_ShouldConfigurePureIPResolver()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_BootstrapDNS_ShouldConfigurePureIPResolver()
    {
        var bootstrapDns = "8.8.8.8";
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithBootstrapDNS(ECoreType.sing_box, bootstrapDns);
@@ -360,17 +390,17 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
-        config.SimpleDNSItem.BootstrapDNS.Should().Be(bootstrapDns);
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await config.SimpleDNSItem.BootstrapDNS.Should().BeEqualTo(bootstrapDns);

        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
-        var bootstrapServer = cfg.dns.servers?.FirstOrDefault(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxLocalDNSTag);
-        bootstrapServer.Should().NotBeNull();
-        (bootstrapServer?.server ?? string.Empty).Should().Contain(bootstrapDns);
+        var bootstrapServer = cfg.dns?.servers.FirstOrDefault(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxLocalDNSTag);
+        await bootstrapServer.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await bootstrapServer!.server.Should().Contain(bootstrapDns);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DnsFallback_LastRuleDirect_ShouldUseDirectFinalDns()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DnsFallback_LastRuleDirect_ShouldUseDirectFinalDns()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        config.SimpleDNSItem.DirectDNS = "1.1.1.1";
@@ -403,14 +433,14 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.dns.final.Should().Be(Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag);
+        await cfg.dns.final.Should().BeEqualTo(Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_NonMatchingRegion_ShouldNotApplyExpectedRule()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_NonMatchingRegion_ShouldNotApplyExpectedRule()
    {
        var config =
            CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithDirectExpectedIPs(ECoreType.sing_box, "192.168.0.0/16,geoip:cn");
@@ -440,21 +470,21 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

        var hasExpectedRule = cfg.dns.rules?.Any(r =>
            r.server == Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag
            && r.ip_cidr?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
            && r.rule_set?.Contains("geoip-cn") == true) ?? false;
-        hasExpectedRule.Should().BeFalse();
+        await hasExpectedRule.Should().BeFalse();
    }

-    [Theory]
-    [InlineData("geosite:cn", "geosite-cn")]
-    [InlineData("geosite:geolocation-cn", "geosite-geolocation-cn")]
-    [InlineData("geosite:tld-cn", "geosite-tld-cn")]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_RegionVariant_ShouldApplyExpectedRule(string domainTag,
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments("geosite:cn", "geosite-cn")]
+    [Arguments("geosite:geolocation-cn", "geosite-geolocation-cn")]
+    [Arguments("geosite:tld-cn", "geosite-tld-cn")]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_RegionVariant_ShouldApplyExpectedRule(string domainTag,
        string expectedRuleSetTag)
    {
        var config =
@@ -470,31 +500,38 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests
                Remarks = "dns-direct-variant",
                RuleSet = JsonUtils.Serialize(new List<RulesItem>
                {
+                    new()
+                    {
+                        Enabled = true, RuleType = ERuleType.DNS, OutboundTag = Global.ProxyTag, Domain = ["geosite:google"],
+                    },
                    new()
                    {
                        Enabled = true, RuleType = ERuleType.DNS, OutboundTag = Global.DirectTag, Domain = [domainTag],
-                    }
+                    },
                }),
                DomainStrategy = Global.AsIs,
                DomainStrategy4Singbox = string.Empty,
-            }
+            },
        };

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        var hasExpectedRule = cfg.dns.rules?.Any(r =>
-            r.server == Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag
-            && r.ip_cidr?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
-            && r.rule_set?.Contains(expectedRuleSetTag) == true
-            && r.rule_set?.Contains("geoip-cn") == true) ?? false;
-        hasExpectedRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        var hasExpectedRule = (cfg.dns.rules?.Any(r =>
+                                  r.ip_cidr?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
+                                  && r.action == "respond"
+                                  && r.rule_set?.Contains("geoip-cn") == true) ?? false)
+                              && (cfg.dns.rules?.Any(r =>
+                                  r.server == Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag
+                                  && r.rule_set?.Contains(expectedRuleSetTag) == true
+                                  && r.action == "evaluate") ?? false);
+        await hasExpectedRule.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_Hosts_ShouldPopulateHostsServerAndDomainResolver()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Hosts_ShouldPopulateHostsServerAndDomainResolver()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        config.SimpleDNSItem.Hosts = "resolver.example 1.1.1.1";
@@ -506,21 +543,21 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

        var hostsServer = cfg.dns.servers.FirstOrDefault(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxHostsDNSTag);
-        hostsServer.Should().NotBeNull();
-        hostsServer!.predefined.Should().ContainKey("resolver.example");
-        hostsServer.predefined!["resolver.example"].Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");
+        await hostsServer.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await hostsServer!.predefined.Should().ContainKey("resolver.example");
+        await hostsServer.predefined!["resolver.example"].Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");

        var directServer = cfg.dns.servers.FirstOrDefault(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxDirectDNSTag);
-        directServer.Should().NotBeNull();
-        directServer!.domain_resolver.Should().Be(Global.SingboxHostsDNSTag);
+        await directServer.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await directServer!.domain_resolver.Should().BeEqualTo(Global.SingboxHostsDNSTag);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RawDnsEnabled_ShouldUseCustomDnsAndInjectLocalResolver()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RawDnsEnabled_ShouldUseCustomDnsAndInjectLocalResolver()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -549,12 +586,170 @@ public class CoreConfigSingboxServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.dns.servers.Should().Contain(s => s.tag == "remote" && s.type == "udp" && s.server == "8.8.8.8");
-        cfg.dns.servers.Should().Contain(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxLocalDNSTag);
-        cfg.dns.rules.Should().Contain(r => r.clash_mode == nameof(ERuleMode.Global));
-        cfg.dns.rules.Should().Contain(r => r.clash_mode == nameof(ERuleMode.Direct));
+        await cfg.dns.servers.Should().Contain(s => s.tag == "remote" && s.type == "udp" && s.server == "8.8.8.8");
+        await cfg.dns.servers.Should().Contain(s => s.tag == Global.SingboxLocalDNSTag);
+        await cfg.dns.rules.Should().Contain(r => r.clash_mode == nameof(ERuleMode.Global));
+        await cfg.dns.rules.Should().Contain(r => r.clash_mode == nameof(ERuleMode.Direct));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(true)]
+    [Arguments(false)]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_MultiDnsServers_ShouldIncludeAllServers(bool parallelQuery)
+    {
+        var config =
+            CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.ParallelQuery = parallelQuery;
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.DirectDNS = "1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2";
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.RemoteDNS = "3.3.3.3,4.4.4.4";
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateSocksNode(ECoreType.sing_box, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box) with
+        {
+            RoutingItem = new RoutingItem
+            {
+                Id = "r-dns-direct-variant",
+                Remarks = "dns-direct-variant",
+                RuleSet = JsonUtils.Serialize(new List<RulesItem>
+                {
+                    new()
+                    {
+                        Enabled = true,
+                        RuleType = ERuleType.DNS,
+                        OutboundTag = Global.ProxyTag,
+                        Domain = ["geosite:google"],
+                    },
+                    new()
+                    {
+                        Enabled = true,
+                        RuleType = ERuleType.DNS,
+                        OutboundTag = Global.DirectTag,
+                        Domain = ["geosite:cn"],
+                    },
+                }),
+                DomainStrategy = Global.AsIs,
+                DomainStrategy4Singbox = string.Empty,
+            },
+        };
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+
+        await cfg.dns.servers.Where(s => s.tag.StartsWith(Global.SingboxDirectDNSTagPrefix)).Should().HaveCount(2);
+        await cfg.dns.servers.Where(s => s.tag.StartsWith(Global.SingboxRemoteDNSTagPrefix)).Should().HaveCount(2);
+        if (parallelQuery)
+        {
+            await cfg.dns.rules.Should().Contain(r => r.race == true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Hysteria2Realm_ShouldEmitHttpsServerUrl()
+    {
+        var shareLink =
+            "hysteria2+realm://public@realm.hy2.io/my-realm-id?auth=uuid&stun=turn.cloudflare.com%3A3478&sni=cloudflare.com&pinSHA256=xxx#Realm-Test";
+        var node = Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveRealm(shareLink, out _);
+        await node.Should().NotBeNull();
+        node!.CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box;
+
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        config.CoreTypeItem =
+        [
+            new CoreTypeItem { ConfigType = EConfigType.Hysteria2, CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box }
+        ];
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var proxy = cfg.outbounds.First(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag);
+
+        await proxy.type.Should().BeEqualTo("hysteria2");
+        await proxy.realm.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await proxy.realm!.server_url.Should().StartWith("https://");
+        await proxy.realm.server_url.Should().Contain("realm.hy2.io");
+        await proxy.realm.token.Should().BeEqualTo("public");
+        await proxy.realm.realm_id.Should().BeEqualTo("my-realm-id");
+        await proxy.realm.stun_servers.Should().Contain("turn.cloudflare.com:3478");
+        await proxy.server.Should().BeNull();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunSystemStackWithIpv6_ShouldUsePrefixWithPeerAddress()
+    {
+        // Regression test for #9820: sing-box fails with "need one more IPv6 address in
+        // first prefix for system stack" when the TUN inbound uses a /128 IPv6 prefix.
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableTun = true;
+        config.TunModeItem.Stack = "system";
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address = true;
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.sing_box) with
+        {
+            IsTunEnabled = true,
+        };
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tun = cfg.inbounds.First(i => i.type == "tun");
+
+        await tun.address.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tun.address.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+        foreach (var address in tun.address!)
+        {
+            var prefixLength = int.Parse(address[(address.LastIndexOf('/') + 1)..]);
+            var isIpv6 = address.Contains(':');
+            await prefixLength.Should().BeLessThanOrEqualTo(isIpv6 ? 126 : 30,
+                $"'{address}' must leave room for the peer address the system stack derives");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_CustomOutbound_ShouldReplaceWithUserCustomOutboundJson()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.sing_box);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var customNode = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateCustomOutboundNode(ECoreType.sing_box, "n-custom", "custom-singbox");
+        var customJsonContent = """
+        {
+          "type": "shadowsocks",
+          "server": "1.2.3.4",
+          "server_port": 8388,
+          "method": "aes-128-gcm",
+          "password": "custom_password"
+        }
+        """;
+
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, customNode, ECoreType.sing_box);
+        context.CustomOutboundContent[customNode.IndexId] = customJsonContent;
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigSingboxService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<SingboxConfig>(result.Data!.ToString());
+        await cfg.Should().NotBeNull();
+        var proxyOutbound = cfg!.outbounds.FirstOrDefault(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag);
+        await proxyOutbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await proxyOutbound!.type.Should().BeEqualTo("shadowsocks");
+        await proxyOutbound.server.Should().BeEqualTo("1.2.3.4");
+        await proxyOutbound.server_port.Should().BeEqualTo(8388);
+        await proxyOutbound.method.Should().BeEqualTo("aes-128-gcm");
+        await proxyOutbound.password.Should().BeEqualTo("custom_password");
    }
 }
@@ -1,16 +1,9 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Common;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Models;
-using ServiceLib.Services.CoreConfig;
-using Xunit;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig.V2ray;

 public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
 {
-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ShouldGenerateBasicProxyConfig()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ShouldGenerateBasicProxyConfig()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -19,17 +12,50 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
-        result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();

        var v2rayConfig = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString());
-        v2rayConfig.Should().NotBeNull();
-        v2rayConfig!.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.protocol == "vmess");
-        v2rayConfig.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.protocol == nameof(EInboundProtocol.mixed));
+        await v2rayConfig.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await v2rayConfig!.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.protocol == "vmess");
+        await v2rayConfig.inbounds.Should().Contain(i => i.protocol == nameof(EInboundProtocol.mixed));
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroup_ShouldExpandChildrenAndBuildBalancer()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_HttpOutbound_ShouldEmitHeadersInSettings()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateHttpNode(ECoreType.Xray);
+        node.SetProtocolExtra(node.GetProtocolExtra() with
+        {
+            HttpHeaders = "{\"User-Agent\":\"v2rayN\",\"Set-Cookie\":[\"a=1\",\"b=2\"]}",
+        });
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var outbound = cfg.outbounds.First(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag && o.protocol == "http");
+
+        await outbound.settings.address!.ToString().Should().BeEqualTo("proxy.example.com");
+        await outbound.settings.port.Should().BeEqualTo(8080);
+        await outbound.settings.user.Should().BeEqualTo("user");
+        await outbound.settings.pass.Should().BeEqualTo("pass");
+        await outbound.settings.level.Should().BeEqualTo(1);
+        await outbound.settings.headers.Should().NotBeNull();
+        var headers = JsonUtils.ParseJson(outbound.settings.headers!.ToString());
+        await headers["User-Agent"]!.GetValue<string>().Should().BeEqualTo("v2rayN");
+        await headers["Set-Cookie"]!.AsArray()
+            .Select(item => item!.GetValue<string>())
+            .Should().BeEquivalentTo(["a=1", "b=2"]);
+        await outbound.settings.servers.Should().BeNull();
+        await outbound.settings.vnext.Should().BeNull();
+    }
+ 
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroup_ShouldExpandChildrenAndBuildBalancer()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -46,17 +72,17 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
-        cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChain_ShouldBuildDialerProxyChain()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChain_ShouldBuildDialerProxyChain()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -72,21 +98,21 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
        var hasDialerChain = cfg.outbounds.Any(o =>
            o.tag == Global.ProxyTag
            && o.streamSettings is not null
            && o.streamSettings.sockopt is not null
            && (o.streamSettings.sockopt.dialerProxy ?? string.Empty).StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-",
                StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        hasDialerChain.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasDialerChain.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroupWithProxyChain_ShouldBuildCombinedOutbounds()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_PolicyGroupWithProxyChain_ShouldBuildCombinedOutbounds()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -107,18 +133,18 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
-        cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChainWithPolicyGroup_ShouldBuildClonedChainBranches()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_ProxyChainWithPolicyGroup_ShouldBuildClonedChainBranches()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -140,27 +166,27 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-1-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-2-", StringComparison.Ordinal));

        var proxyCloneCount = cfg.outbounds.Count(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-clone-", StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        proxyCloneCount.Should().Be(2);
+        await proxyCloneCount.Should().BeEqualTo(2);

        var allCloneDialersPointToGroupBranches = cfg.outbounds
            .Where(o => o.tag.StartsWith("proxy-clone-", StringComparison.Ordinal))
            .All(o => (o.streamSettings?.sockopt?.dialerProxy ?? string.Empty).StartsWith("chain-proxy-1-group-",
                StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        allCloneDialersPointToGroupBranches.Should().BeTrue();
+        await allCloneDialersPointToGroupBranches.Should().BeTrue();

-        cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
-        cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
+        await cfg.routing.balancers.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await cfg.routing.balancers!.Should().Contain(b => b.tag == Global.ProxyTag + Global.BalancerTagSuffix);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_DirectAndBlock_ShouldApplyRules()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_DirectAndBlock_ShouldApplyRules()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -196,24 +222,24 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;

        var hasDirectRule = cfg.routing.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("full:direct.example.com")
            && r.outboundTag == Global.DirectTag);
-        hasDirectRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasDirectRule.Should().BeTrue();

        var hasBlockRule = cfg.routing.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("full:block.example.com")
            && r.outboundTag == Global.BlockTag);
-        hasBlockRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasBlockRule.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_ByRemark_ShouldGenerateTargetOutbound()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RoutingSplit_ByRemark_ShouldGenerateTargetOutbound()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -245,20 +271,20 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var expectedPrefix = $"{routeNode.IndexId}-{Global.ProxyTag}-{routeNode.Remarks}";

-        cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));
+        await cfg.outbounds.Should().Contain(o => o.tag.StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));
        var hasRouteRule = cfg.routing.rules.Any(r =>
            r.domain != null
            && r.domain.Contains("full:route.example.com")
            && (r.outboundTag ?? string.Empty).StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal));
-        hasRouteRule.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasRouteRule.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_ShouldApplyExpectedIPsToDirectDnsServer()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_ShouldApplyExpectedIPsToDirectDnsServer()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithDirectExpectedIPs(ECoreType.Xray, "192.168.0.0/16,geoip:cn");
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -287,7 +313,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;

@@ -302,11 +328,11 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
            && s.domains?.Contains("geosite:cn") == true
            && s.expectedIPs?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
            && s.expectedIPs?.Contains("geoip:cn") == true);
-        hasExpectedServer.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasExpectedServer.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_BootstrapDNS_ShouldApplyToDnsServerDomains()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_BootstrapDNS_ShouldApplyToDnsServerDomains()
    {
        var bootstrapDns = "8.8.8.8";
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithBootstrapDNS(ECoreType.Xray, bootstrapDns);
@@ -319,7 +345,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;

@@ -333,11 +359,11 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
            s.address == bootstrapDns
            && s.domains?.Contains("full:dns-direct.example") == true
            && s.domains?.Contains("full:dns-remote.example") == true);
-        hasBootstrapServer.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasBootstrapServer.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DnsFallback_LastRuleDirect_ShouldUseDirectDnsServers()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DnsFallback_LastRuleDirect_ShouldUseDirectDnsServers()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        config.SimpleDNSItem.DirectDNS = "1.1.1.1";
@@ -370,7 +396,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;
        var dnsServers = dns.servers
@@ -382,14 +408,14 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
        var hasDirectFallback = dnsServers.Any(s =>
            (s.tag ?? string.Empty).StartsWith(Global.DirectDnsTag, StringComparison.Ordinal)
            && s.address == "1.1.1.1");
-        hasDirectFallback.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasDirectFallback.Should().BeTrue();

        var hasRemoteFallback = dnsServers.Any(s => s.address == "9.9.9.9");
-        hasRemoteFallback.Should().BeFalse();
+        await hasRemoteFallback.Should().BeFalse();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_NonMatchingRegion_ShouldNotApplyExpectedIPs()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_NonMatchingRegion_ShouldNotApplyExpectedIPs()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithDirectExpectedIPs(ECoreType.Xray, "192.168.0.0/16,geoip:cn");
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -418,7 +444,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;
        var dnsServers = dns.servers
@@ -430,14 +456,14 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
        var hasExpectedIPs = dnsServers.Any(s =>
            s.expectedIPs?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
            || s.expectedIPs?.Contains("geoip:cn") == true);
-        hasExpectedIPs.Should().BeFalse();
+        await hasExpectedIPs.Should().BeFalse();
    }

-    [Theory]
-    [InlineData("geosite:cn")]
-    [InlineData("geosite:geolocation-cn")]
-    [InlineData("geosite:tld-cn")]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_RegionVariant_ShouldApplyExpectedIPs(string domainTag)
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments("geosite:cn")]
+    [Arguments("geosite:geolocation-cn")]
+    [Arguments("geosite:tld-cn")]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_DirectExpectedIPs_RegionVariant_ShouldApplyExpectedIPs(string domainTag)
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithDirectExpectedIPs(ECoreType.Xray, "192.168.0.0/16,geoip:cn");
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -463,7 +489,7 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;
        var dnsServers = dns.servers
@@ -477,11 +503,11 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests
            && s.domains?.Contains(domainTag) == true
            && s.expectedIPs?.Contains("192.168.0.0/16") == true
            && s.expectedIPs?.Contains("geoip:cn") == true);
-        hasExpectedServer.Should().BeTrue();
+        await hasExpectedServer.Should().BeTrue();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_Hosts_ShouldPopulateDnsHosts()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Hosts_ShouldPopulateDnsHosts()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        config.SimpleDNSItem.Hosts = "resolver.example 1.1.1.1";
@@ -492,17 +518,17 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;

-        dns.hosts.Should().NotBeNull();
-        dns.hosts!.Should().ContainKey("resolver.example");
-        JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.hosts!["resolver.example"]).Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");
+        await dns.hosts.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await dns.hosts!.Should().ContainKey("resolver.example");
+        await JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.hosts!["resolver.example"]).Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_RawDnsEnabled_ShouldUseCustomDnsConfig()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_RawDnsEnabled_ShouldUseCustomDnsConfig()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -523,22 +549,114 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var dns = JsonUtils.Deserialize<Dns4Ray>(JsonUtils.Serialize(cfg.dns))!;

-        JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.servers).Should().Contain("8.8.8.8");
-        dns.hosts.Should().NotBeNull();
-        dns.hosts!.Should().ContainKey("raw.example");
-        JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.hosts!["raw.example"]).Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");
+        await JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.servers).Should().Contain("8.8.8.8");
+        await dns.hosts.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await dns.hosts!.Should().ContainKey("raw.example");
+        await JsonUtils.Serialize(dns.hosts!["raw.example"]).Should().Contain("1.1.1.1");

        var directOutbound = cfg.outbounds.FirstOrDefault(o => o.tag == Global.DirectTag && o.protocol == "freedom");
-        directOutbound.Should().NotBeNull();
-        directOutbound!.settings.domainStrategy.Should().Be("UseIPv4");
+        await directOutbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await directOutbound!.streamSettings.sockopt!.domainStrategy.Should().BeEqualTo("UseIPv4");
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GenerateClientConfigContent_TunRouteExcludeAddress()
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(false)]
+    [Arguments(true)]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Tun_ShouldRouteIPv6IntoTunnel(bool enableIPv6Address)
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType.Xray, enableIPv6Address);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");
+
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("0.0.0.0/0");
+        await tunInbound.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("::/0");
+
+        // EnableIPv6Address governs the interface address only, never the routing table.
+        await tunInbound.settings.gateway.Should().HaveCount(enableIPv6Address ? 2 : 1);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(true)]
+    [Arguments(false)]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_Tun_ShouldSkipIPv6RouteWithoutGlobalIPv6(bool enableIPv6Address)
+    {
+        // A host without a global IPv6 address has no IPv6 traffic that could bypass the tunnel,
+        // while ::/0 would pull IPv6 attempts into a tunnel they cannot leave.
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTun(ECoreType.Xray, enableIPv6Address);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray, hasGlobalIPv6Address: false);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");
+
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("0.0.0.0/0");
+        var ipv6Routes = tunInbound.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable!.Where(x => x.Contains(':')).ToList();
+        await ipv6Routes.Should().BeEmpty();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunRouteExcludeAddress_ShouldSkipIPv6RangesWithoutGlobalIPv6()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTunRouteExcludeAddress(ECoreType.Xray);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address = false;
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray, hasGlobalIPv6Address: false);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");
+
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+        var ipv6Routes = tunInbound.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable!.Where(x => x.Contains(':')).ToList();
+        await ipv6Routes.Should().BeEmpty();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunRouteExcludeAddress_ShouldIncludeIPv6Ranges()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTunRouteExcludeAddress(ECoreType.Xray);
+        config.TunModeItem.EnableIPv6Address = false;
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var node = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-main", "main");
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, node, ECoreType.Xray);
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
+        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");
+
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain(x => x.Contains(':'));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_TunRouteExcludeAddress()
    {
        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfigWithTunRouteExcludeAddress(ECoreType.Xray);
        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
@@ -548,15 +666,54 @@ public class CoreConfigV2rayServiceTests

        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();

-        result.Success.Should().BeTrue();
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue();

        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString())!;
        var tunInbound = cfg.inbounds.FirstOrDefault(i => i.protocol == "tun");

-        tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await tunInbound.Should().NotBeNull();

-        tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().NotContain("0.0.0.0/0");
-        tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("10.0.0.0/32");
-        tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("10.0.0.2/31");
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().NotContain("0.0.0.0/0");
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("10.0.0.0/32");
+        await tunInbound!.settings.autoSystemRoutingTable.Should().Contain("10.0.0.2/31");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GenerateClientConfigContent_CustomOutbound_ShouldReplaceWithUserCustomOutboundJson()
+    {
+        var config = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateConfig(ECoreType.Xray);
+        CoreConfigTestFactory.BindAppManagerConfig(config);
+
+        var customNode = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateCustomOutboundNode(ECoreType.Xray, "n-custom", "custom-xray");
+        var customJsonContent = """
+        {
+          "protocol": "shadowsocks",
+          "settings": {
+            "servers": [
+              {
+                "address": "1.2.3.4",
+                "port": 8388,
+                "method": "aes-128-gcm",
+                "password": "custom_password"
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+        """;
+
+        var context = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateContext(config, customNode, ECoreType.Xray);
+        context.CustomOutboundContent[customNode.IndexId] = customJsonContent;
+
+        var result = new CoreConfigV2rayService(context).GenerateClientConfigContent();
+
+        await result.Success.Should().BeTrue().Because($"ret msg: {result.Msg}");
+        await result.Data.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        var cfg = JsonUtils.Deserialize<V2rayConfig>(result.Data!.ToString());
+        await cfg.Should().NotBeNull();
+        var proxyOutbound = cfg!.outbounds.FirstOrDefault(o => o.tag == Global.ProxyTag);
+        await proxyOutbound.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await proxyOutbound!.protocol.Should().BeEqualTo("shadowsocks");
+        await proxyOutbound.settings.servers.Should().NotBeNull();
    }
 }
@@ -1,103 +1,354 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;
-using ServiceLib.Models;
-using Xunit;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;

 public class FmtHandlerTests
 {
-    [Fact]
-    public void GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Vmess_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    /// <summary>
+    /// One profile factory per protocol that <see cref="FmtHandler.GetShareUri" /> can export.
+    /// The suite below asserts that this map and <see cref="Global.ProtocolShares" /> agree, so a
+    /// newly exportable protocol cannot be added without a round-trip case.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly Dictionary<EConfigType, Func<ProfileItem>> ShareProfileFactories = new()
+    {
+        [EConfigType.VMess] = CreateVmessProfile,
+        [EConfigType.Shadowsocks] = CreateShadowsocksProfile,
+        [EConfigType.SOCKS] = CreateSocksProfile,
+        [EConfigType.VLESS] = CreateVlessProfile,
+        [EConfigType.Trojan] = CreateTrojanProfile,
+        [EConfigType.Hysteria2] = CreateHysteria2Profile,
+        [EConfigType.TUIC] = CreateTuicProfile,
+        [EConfigType.WireGuard] = CreateWireguardProfile,
+        [EConfigType.Anytls] = CreateAnytlsProfile,
+        [EConfigType.Naive] = () => CreateNaiveProfile(false),
+    };
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ShareUriSuite_ShouldCoverAndRoundTripEveryExportableProtocol()
+    {
+        var uncovered = string.Join(", ", Global.ProtocolShares.Keys.Except(ShareProfileFactories.Keys));
+        var unexpected = string.Join(", ", ShareProfileFactories.Keys.Except(Global.ProtocolShares.Keys));
+
+        await uncovered.Should().BeEqualTo(string.Empty);
+        await unexpected.Should().BeEqualTo(string.Empty);
+
+        foreach (var (configType, factory) in ShareProfileFactories)
+        {
+            var source = factory();
+
+            var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+
+            await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(configType);
+            await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+            await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Vmess_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
    {
        var source = CreateVmessProfile();

-        var resolved = ExportThenImport(source);
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);

-        resolved.ConfigType.Should().Be(EConfigType.VMess);
-        resolved.Remarks.Should().Be(source.Remarks);
-        resolved.Address.Should().Be(source.Address);
-        resolved.Port.Should().Be(source.Port);
-        resolved.Password.Should().Be(source.Password);
-        resolved.GetProtocolExtra().AlterId.Should().Be(source.GetProtocolExtra().AlterId);
+        await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.VMess);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().AlterId.Should().BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().AlterId);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Vless_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Vless_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
    {
        var source = CreateVlessProfile();

-        var resolved = ExportThenImport(source);
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);

-        resolved.ConfigType.Should().Be(EConfigType.VLESS);
-        resolved.Remarks.Should().Be(source.Remarks);
-        resolved.Address.Should().Be(source.Address);
-        resolved.Port.Should().Be(source.Port);
-        resolved.Password.Should().Be(source.Password);
-        resolved.GetProtocolExtra().VlessEncryption.Should().Be(Global.None);
+        await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.VLESS);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().VlessEncryption.Should().BeEqualTo(Global.None);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Shadowsocks_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Shadowsocks_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
    {
        var source = CreateShadowsocksProfile();

-        var resolved = ExportThenImport(source);
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);

-        resolved.ConfigType.Should().Be(EConfigType.Shadowsocks);
-        resolved.Remarks.Should().Be(source.Remarks);
-        resolved.Address.Should().Be(source.Address);
-        resolved.Port.Should().Be(source.Port);
-        resolved.Password.Should().Be(source.Password);
-        resolved.GetProtocolExtra().SsMethod.Should().Be(source.GetProtocolExtra().SsMethod);
+        await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.Shadowsocks);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().SsMethod.Should().BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().SsMethod);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Socks_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Socks_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
    {
        var source = CreateSocksProfile();

-        var resolved = ExportThenImport(source);
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);

-        resolved.ConfigType.Should().Be(EConfigType.SOCKS);
-        resolved.Remarks.Should().Be(source.Remarks);
-        resolved.Address.Should().Be(source.Address);
-        resolved.Port.Should().Be(source.Port);
-        resolved.Username.Should().Be(source.Username);
-        resolved.Password.Should().Be(source.Password);
+        await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.SOCKS);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+        await resolved.Username.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Username);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void ResolveConfig_UnsupportedProtocol_ShouldReturnNull()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Trojan_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    {
+        var source = CreateTrojanProfile();
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await AssertRawTransportFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.Sni.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Sni);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().Flow.Should().BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().Flow);
+        await resolved.GetAllowInsecure().Should().BeTrue();
+
+        // Trojan is the one exporter that writes both spellings of the flag.
+        await AssertExportContains(source, "allowInsecure=1", "insecure=1");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Tuic_ShouldRoundTripUserInfoAndCongestionControl()
+    {
+        var source = CreateTuicProfile();
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Username.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Username);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.Sni.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Sni);
+        await resolved.Alpn.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Alpn);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().CongestionControl.Should()
+            .BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().CongestionControl);
+        await resolved.GetAllowInsecure().Should().BeTrue();
+
+        await AssertExportContains(source, "allow_insecure=1");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Anytls_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    {
+        var source = CreateAnytlsProfile();
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await AssertRawTransportFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.Sni.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Sni);
+        await resolved.Alpn.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Alpn);
+        await resolved.GetAllowInsecure().Should().BeTrue();
+
+        await AssertExportContains(source, "insecure=1");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Hysteria2_ShouldRoundTripObfsAndNormalizePortRange()
+    {
+        var source = CreateHysteria2Profile();
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+        var sourceExtra = source.GetProtocolExtra();
+        var resolvedExtra = resolved.GetProtocolExtra();
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.Sni.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Sni);
+        await resolved.Alpn.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Alpn);
+        await resolved.EchConfigList.Should().BeEqualTo(source.EchConfigList);
+        await resolved.GetAllowInsecure().Should().BeTrue();
+        await resolvedExtra.SalamanderPass.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.SalamanderPass);
+
+        // Hysteria2Fmt stores a port range internally as "5000:6000" and emits the URI form.
+        await resolvedExtra.Ports.Should().BeEqualTo("5000-6000");
+
+        await AssertExportContains(source, "insecure=1", "obfs=salamander", "mport=5000-6000");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Wireguard_ShouldRoundTripKeysAndInterface()
+    {
+        var source = CreateWireguardProfile();
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+        var extra = resolved.GetProtocolExtra();
+        var sourceExtra = source.GetProtocolExtra();
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await extra.WgPublicKey.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.WgPublicKey);
+        await extra.WgPresharedKey.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.WgPresharedKey);
+        await extra.WgReserved.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.WgReserved);
+        await extra.WgInterfaceAddress.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.WgInterfaceAddress);
+        await extra.WgMtu.Should().BeEqualTo(sourceExtra.WgMtu);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUri_Wireguard_ShouldEncodeKeysAndBracketIpv6()
+    {
+        var source = CreateWireguardProfile();
+
+        // Base64 keys carry '/', '+' and '=', and the address is an IPv6 literal: both have to
+        // survive the wire form, which a round trip through the same encoder would not prove.
+        await AssertExportContains(
+            source,
+            Uri.EscapeDataString(source.Password),
+            Uri.EscapeDataString(source.GetProtocolExtra().WgPublicKey ?? string.Empty),
+            "@[2001:db8::40]:51820");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Naive_ShouldRoundTripCredentialsOverHttps()
+    {
+        var source = CreateNaiveProfile(false);
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source, Global.NaiveHttpsProtocolShare);
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await AssertRawTransportFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Username.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Username);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().InsecureConcurrency.Should()
+            .BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().InsecureConcurrency);
+
+        // NaiveFmt only ever sets this flag on the quic branch, so the https branch leaves it
+        // unset rather than false - assert "is not quic" instead of an explicit false.
+        await (resolved.GetProtocolExtra().NaiveQuic == true).Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_NaiveQuic_ShouldRoundTripQuicScheme()
+    {
+        var source = CreateNaiveProfile(true);
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source, Global.NaiveQuicProtocolShare);
+
+        await AssertCommonShareFields(source, resolved);
+        await AssertRawTransportFields(source, resolved);
+        await resolved.Username.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Username);
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Password);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().InsecureConcurrency.Should()
+            .BeEqualTo(source.GetProtocolExtra().InsecureConcurrency);
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().NaiveQuic.Should().BeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments("p:a@ss#% +/=")]
+    [Arguments("пароль 東京")]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Trojan_ShouldRoundTripEncodedCredentials(string password)
+    {
+        var source = CreateTrojanProfile();
+        source.Password = password;
+        source.Remarks = "Trojan — тест 東京 #1";
+
+        var resolved = await ExportThenImport(source);
+
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo(password);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_UnsupportedProtocol_ShouldReturnNull()
    {
        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig("not-a-share-uri", out var msg);

-        resolved.Should().BeNull();
-        msg.Should().NotBeNullOrWhiteSpace();
+        await resolved.Should().BeNull();
+        await msg.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await msg.Should().NotBeEmpty();
    }

-    [Fact]
-    public void GetShareUri_UnsupportedConfigType_ShouldReturnNull()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUri_UnsupportedConfigType_ShouldReturnNull()
    {
        var item = new ProfileItem { ConfigType = EConfigType.PolicyGroup, Remarks = "group", };

        var uri = FmtHandler.GetShareUri(item);

-        uri.Should().BeNull();
+        await uri.Should().BeNull();
    }

-    private static ProfileItem ExportThenImport(ProfileItem source)
+    private static async Task AssertCommonShareFields(ProfileItem source, ProfileItem resolved)
+    {
+        await resolved.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(source.ConfigType);
+        await resolved.Remarks.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Remarks);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Address);
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Port);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Only for protocols whose exporter goes through the shared transport query
+    /// (<c>security</c>, <c>type</c>, <c>headerType</c>). TUIC, Hysteria2 and WireGuard do not.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async Task AssertRawTransportFields(ProfileItem source, ProfileItem resolved)
+    {
+        await resolved.Network.Should().BeEqualTo(source.Network);
+        await resolved.StreamSecurity.Should().BeEqualTo(source.StreamSecurity);
+        await resolved.GetTransportExtra().RawHeaderType.Should()
+            .BeEqualTo(source.GetTransportExtra().RawHeaderType);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Asserts on the wire form itself. A round trip cannot catch an exporter and an importer that
+    /// agree on the wrong spelling of a parameter, and the insecure flag is spelled differently by
+    /// every protocol.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static async Task AssertExportContains(ProfileItem source, params string[] expectedFragments)
    {
        var uri = FmtHandler.GetShareUri(source);

-        uri.Should().NotBeNullOrWhiteSpace();
-        uri!.StartsWith(Global.ProtocolShares[source.ConfigType], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Should()
-            .BeTrue();
+        await uri.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        foreach (var fragment in expectedFragments)
+        {
+            await uri!.Contains(fragment, StringComparison.Ordinal).Should()
+                .BeTrue().Because($"uri: {uri}, expected fragment: {fragment}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static string ExpectedShareScheme(ProfileItem item)
+    {
+        if (item.ConfigType != EConfigType.Naive)
+        {
+            return Global.ProtocolShares[item.ConfigType];
+        }
+
+        // NaiveFmt never emits the "naive://" prefix that Global.ProtocolShares records for the
+        // type; that entry is only read when importing.
+        return item.GetProtocolExtra().NaiveQuic == true
+            ? Global.NaiveQuicProtocolShare
+            : Global.NaiveHttpsProtocolShare;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<ProfileItem> ExportThenImport(ProfileItem source)
+    {
+        return await ExportThenImport(source, ExpectedShareScheme(source));
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<ProfileItem> ExportThenImport(ProfileItem source, string expectedPrefix)
+    {
+        var uri = FmtHandler.GetShareUri(source);
+
+        await uri.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await uri.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+        await uri!.StartsWith(expectedPrefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Should().BeTrue();

        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(uri, out var msg);

-        resolved.Should().NotBeNull($"uri: {uri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {uri}, msg: {msg}");
        return resolved!;
    }

@@ -170,4 +421,142 @@ public class FmtHandlerTests
            Password = "pass",
        };
    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateTrojanProfile()
+    {
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Trojan,
+            Remarks = "trojan demo",
+            Address = "trojan.example",
+            Port = 443,
+            Password = "trojan-pass",
+            Network = nameof(ETransport.raw),
+            StreamSecurity = Global.StreamSecurity,
+            Sni = "sni.trojan.example",
+            AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue,
+        };
+
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem { Flow = Global.Flows[1], });
+        item.SetTransportExtra(new TransportExtraItem { RawHeaderType = Global.None, });
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateTuicProfile()
+    {
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.TUIC,
+            Remarks = "tuic demo",
+            Address = "tuic.example",
+            Port = 8443,
+            // A colon separates the two halves of the TUIC user info, so it cannot appear in the
+            // uuid; a fixed value also keeps a failure reproducible.
+            Username = "01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef",
+            Password = "tuic-pass",
+            Sni = "sni.tuic.example",
+            Alpn = "h3",
+            AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue,
+        };
+
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem { CongestionControl = "bbr", });
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateAnytlsProfile()
+    {
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Anytls,
+            Remarks = "anytls demo",
+            Address = "anytls.example",
+            Port = 8443,
+            Password = "anytls-pass",
+            Network = nameof(ETransport.raw),
+            StreamSecurity = Global.StreamSecurity,
+            Sni = "sni.anytls.example",
+            Alpn = "h2,http/1.1",
+            AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue,
+        };
+
+        item.SetTransportExtra(new TransportExtraItem { RawHeaderType = Global.None, });
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateHysteria2Profile()
+    {
+        // CertSha is deliberately left unset: the importer turns AllowInsecure on by itself when a
+        // pinSHA256 is present, which would mask an exporter that stopped emitting insecure=1.
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Hysteria2,
+            Remarks = "hysteria2 demo",
+            Address = "hy2.example",
+            Port = 8443,
+            Password = "demo-user:demo-pass",
+            Sni = "sni.hy2.example",
+            Alpn = "h3",
+            EchConfigList = "AAj+DQAEAAAAAA==",
+            AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue,
+        };
+
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem
+        {
+            SalamanderPass = "salamander-pass",
+            Ports = "5000:6000",
+        });
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    private static string CreateWireguardKey(byte value)
+    {
+        return Convert.ToBase64String(Enumerable.Repeat(value, 32).ToArray());
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateWireguardProfile()
+    {
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.WireGuard,
+            Remarks = "WireGuard — тест 東京 #1",
+            Address = "2001:db8::40",
+            Port = 51820,
+            Password = CreateWireguardKey(0xFE),
+        };
+
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem
+        {
+            WgPublicKey = CreateWireguardKey(0xFD),
+            WgPresharedKey = CreateWireguardKey(0xFC),
+            WgReserved = "1,2,255",
+            WgInterfaceAddress = "10.0.0.2/32,fd00::2/128",
+            WgMtu = 1420,
+        });
+
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem CreateNaiveProfile(bool quic)
+    {
+        var item = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Naive,
+            Remarks = quic ? "naive quic demo" : "naive https demo",
+            Address = "naive.example",
+            Port = 443,
+            Username = "naive-user",
+            Password = "päss:word@/?#&=+ 東京",
+            Network = nameof(ETransport.raw),
+            StreamSecurity = Global.None,
+        };
+
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem { NaiveQuic = quic, InsecureConcurrency = 4, });
+        item.SetTransportExtra(new TransportExtraItem { RawHeaderType = Global.None, });
+
+        return item;
+    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;
+
+public class HyRealmTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    public async Task TryParse_ShouldParseValidRealm()
+    {
+        var str = "realm://public@realm.hy2.io/57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90?stun=example.stun:3478&stun=example2.stun:3478";
+        var result = HyRealm.TryParse(str, out var realm);
+        await result.Should().BeTrue();
+        await realm.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        await realm.IsHttp.Should().BeFalse();
+        await realm.Token.Should().BeEqualTo("public");
+        await realm.RendezvousHost.Should().BeEqualTo("realm.hy2.io");
+        await realm.RendezvousPort.Should().BeEqualTo(443);
+        await realm.RealmName.Should().BeEqualTo("57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90");
+        await realm.StunList.Should().HaveCount(2);
+        await realm.StunList.Should().Contain("example.stun:3478");
+        await realm.StunList.Should().Contain("example2.stun:3478");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ToUri_ShouldGenerateValidUri()
+    {
+        var realm = new HyRealm(
+            IsHttp: false,
+            Token: "public",
+            RendezvousHost: "realm.hy2.io",
+            RendezvousPort: 443,
+            RealmName: "57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90",
+            StunList: ["example.stun:3478", "example2.stun:3478"]
+        );
+        var uri = realm.ToUri();
+        await uri.Should().Contain("realm://public@realm.hy2.io");
+        await uri.Should().Contain("/57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90");
+        await uri.Should().Contain("stun=example.stun:3478");
+        await uri.Should().Contain("stun=example2.stun:3478");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_Hy2Realm_ShouldRoundTripBasicFields()
+    {
+        var str = "hysteria2+realm://mytoken@rendezvous.example.com/my-cabin-1f3a8c2e9b?auth=your_password&insecure=1&pinSHA256=deadbeef#remark";
+        var resolved = Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveRealm(str, out var msg);
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved.Password.Should().BeEqualTo("your_password");
+        var result = HyRealm.TryParse(resolved.GetProtocolExtra().Hy2RealmUrl, out var realm);
+        await result.Should().BeTrue();
+        await realm.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await realm.Token.Should().BeEqualTo("mytoken");
+
+        // To uri
+        var uri = Hysteria2Fmt.ToUri(resolved);
+        await uri.Should().Contain("hysteria2+realm://mytoken@rendezvous.example.com");
+        await uri.Should().EndWith("#remark");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ToServerUrl_ShouldIncludeSchemeForSingbox()
+    {
+        var realm = new HyRealm(
+            IsHttp: false,
+            Token: "public",
+            RendezvousHost: "realm.hy2.io",
+            RendezvousPort: 443,
+            RealmName: "my-realm-id",
+            StunList: ["turn.cloudflare.com:3478"]
+        );
+
+        await realm.ToServerUrl().Should().BeEqualTo("https://realm.hy2.io:443");
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveRealm_Issue9635_ShouldProduceHttpsServerUrl()
+    {
+        var str = "hysteria2+realm://public@realm.hy2.io/my-realm-id?auth=uuid&stun=turn.cloudflare.com%3A3478&sni=cloudflare.com&pinSHA256=xxx#Realm-Test";
+        var resolved = Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveRealm(str, out _);
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        await HyRealm.TryParse(resolved!.GetProtocolExtra().Hy2RealmUrl, out var realm).Should().BeTrue();
+        await realm!.ToServerUrl().Should().StartWith("https://");
+        await realm.ToServerUrl().Should().Contain("realm.hy2.io");
+        await realm.StunList.Should().Contain("turn.cloudflare.com:3478");
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;
+
+public class Hysteria2FmtTests
+{
+    // "The hostname and optional port of the server. If the port is omitted, it defaults to 443."
+    // -- https://v2.hysteria.network/docs/developers/URI-Scheme/
+    // A ':' with no digits after it is an omitted port too, per RFC 3986 'port = *DIGIT'.
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments("hysteria2://password@hy2.example/")]
+    [Arguments("hysteria2://password@hy2.example")]
+    [Arguments("hysteria2://password@hy2.example:/")]
+    [Arguments("hy2://password@hy2.example/?sni=real.example")]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_WithoutPort_ShouldDefaultTo443(string shareUri)
+    {
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(shareUri, out var msg);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {shareUri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved!.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.Hysteria2);
+        await resolved.Address.Should().BeEqualTo("hy2.example");
+        await resolved.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(443);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_WithoutPort_ShouldProduceAValidProfile()
+    {
+        // Uri.Port is -1 for an unregistered scheme with no port, and ProfileItem.IsValid rejects
+        // any port outside 1..65535 - so the default is what keeps such a link usable at all.
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig("hysteria2://password@hy2.example/", out _);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved!.IsValid().Should().BeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_WithExplicitPort_ShouldKeepIt()
+    {
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig("hysteria2://password@hy2.example:8443/", out _);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved!.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(8443);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_WithExplicitZeroPort_ShouldNotApplyTheDefault()
+    {
+        // Uri.Port is 0 here, not -1: the port is present, it is just not a usable one. Treating
+        // it as "omitted" would silently move the endpoint to :443, so it stays invalid instead.
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig("hysteria2://password@hy2.example:0/", out _);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved!.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(0);
+        await resolved.IsValid().Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+}
@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Enums;
-using ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;
 using ServiceLib.Tests.CoreConfig;
-using Xunit;

 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;

 public class InnerFmtTests
 {
-    [Fact]
-    public void ToUriAndResolve_ShouldRoundTripPolicyGroupReferences()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ToUriAndResolve_ShouldRoundTripPolicyGroupReferences()
    {
        var childA = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateSocksNode(ECoreType.Xray, "child-a", "child-a");
        var childB = CoreConfigTestFactory.CreateVmessNode(ECoreType.Xray, "child-b", "child-b");
@@ -19,19 +15,20 @@ public class InnerFmtTests

        var uri = InnerFmt.ToUri([group, childA, childB]);

-        uri.Should().NotBeNullOrWhiteSpace();
+        await uri.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await uri.Should().NotBeEmpty();

        var resolved = InnerFmt.Resolve(uri!, "sub-123");

-        resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
-        resolved.Should().HaveCount(3);
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved.Should().HaveCount(3);

        var resolvedGroup = resolved!.Single(x => x.Remarks == group.Remarks);
        var resolvedChildA = resolved.Single(x => x.Remarks == childA.Remarks);
        var resolvedChildB = resolved.Single(x => x.Remarks == childB.Remarks);

-        resolvedGroup.ConfigType.Should().Be(EConfigType.PolicyGroup);
-        resolvedGroup.GetProtocolExtra().SubChildItems.Should().Be("sub-123");
-        resolvedGroup.GetProtocolExtra().ChildItems.Should().Be($"{resolvedChildA.IndexId},{resolvedChildB.IndexId}");
+        await resolvedGroup.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.PolicyGroup);
+        await resolvedGroup.GetProtocolExtra().SubChildItems.Should().BeEqualTo("sub-123");
+        await resolvedGroup.GetProtocolExtra().ChildItems.Should().BeEqualTo($"{resolvedChildA.IndexId},{resolvedChildB.IndexId}");
    }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;
+
+public class ShareUriQueryTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments("ob%41fs")]
+    [Arguments("66%ff")]
+    [Arguments("100%")]
+    public async Task GetShareUriAndResolveConfig_QueryValueWithPercent_ShouldSurviveTheRoundTrip(string obfsPassword)
+    {
+        var source = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Hysteria2,
+            Remarks = "percent demo",
+            Address = "hy2.example",
+            Port = 8443,
+            Password = "pw",
+        };
+        source.SetProtocolExtra(new ProtocolExtraItem { SalamanderPass = obfsPassword, });
+
+        var uri = FmtHandler.GetShareUri(source);
+
+        await uri.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(uri!, out var msg);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {uri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved!.GetProtocolExtra().SalamanderPass.Should().BeEqualTo(obfsPassword);
+    }
+
+    // RFC 3986 lists '=' among the sub-delimiters a query value may carry, so only the first one
+    // separates the key from the value. Splitting on every '=' discarded the pair outright.
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_QueryValueWithUnescapedEquals_ShouldNotBeDropped()
+    {
+        const string shareUri = "hysteria2://pw@hy2.example:8443/?ech=AAj+DQAEAAAAAA==&sni=real.example";
+
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(shareUri, out var msg);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {shareUri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved!.EchConfigList.Should().BeEqualTo("AAj+DQAEAAAAAA==");
+        await resolved.Sni.Should().BeEqualTo("real.example");
+    }
+
+    // Canonical SIP002 percent-encodes the plugin argument, and that is what this client's own
+    // exporter emits. This covers the non-canonical spelling instead: the options are a ';'
+    // separated list of 'key=value' pairs, so left unescaped the value always carries '='.
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_NonCanonicalSip002PluginWithLiteralEquals_ShouldConfigureObfs()
+    {
+        const string shareUri =
+            "ss://YWVzLTEyOC1nY206cGFzczEyMw==@1.2.3.4:8388/?plugin=obfs-local;obfs=http;obfs-host=example.com#ss";
+
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(shareUri, out var msg);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {shareUri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved!.ConfigType.Should().BeEqualTo(EConfigType.Shadowsocks);
+        await resolved.GetTransportExtra().Host.Should().BeEqualTo("example.com");
+        await resolved.GetTransportExtra().RawHeaderType.Should().BeEqualTo(Global.RawHeaderHttp);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_EscapedQueryValue_ShouldStillDecodeExactlyOnce()
+    {
+        const string shareUri = "hysteria2://pw@hy2.example:8443/?ech=AAj%2BDQAEAAAAAA%3D%3D&obfs=salamander&obfs-password=a%20b";
+
+        var resolved = FmtHandler.ResolveConfig(shareUri, out var msg);
+
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull().Because($"uri: {shareUri}, msg: {msg}");
+        await resolved!.EchConfigList.Should().BeEqualTo("AAj+DQAEAAAAAA==");
+        await resolved.GetProtocolExtra().SalamanderPass.Should().BeEqualTo("a b");
+    }
+}
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
-using AwesomeAssertions;
-using ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;
-using Xunit;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Fmt;

 public class WireguardFmtTests
 {
-    [Fact]
-    public void ResolveConfig_ShouldParsePeersAndIgnoreInlineComments()
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ResolveConfig_ShouldParsePeersAndIgnoreInlineComments()
    {
        const string config =
            """
@@ -15,6 +11,7 @@ public class WireguardFmtTests
            PrivateKey = interface-private-key
            Address = 10.0.0.2/32, fd00::2/128 ; inline comment
            MTU = 1420
+            DNS = 2001::db8::53, 1.2.3.4, 2001:db8::54

            [Peer]
            PublicKey = peer-public-key
@@ -29,19 +26,20 @@ public class WireguardFmtTests

        var resolved = WireguardFmt.ResolveConfig(config);

-        resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
-        resolved.Should().HaveCount(2);
+        await resolved.Should().NotBeNull();
+        await resolved.Should().HaveCount(2);

        var first = resolved![0];
-        first.Address.Should().Be("2001:db8::1");
-        first.Port.Should().Be(51820);
-        first.Password.Should().Be("interface-private-key");
-        first.GetProtocolExtra().WgReserved.Should().Be("1, 2, 3");
-        first.GetProtocolExtra().WgInterfaceAddress.Should().Be("10.0.0.2/32, fd00::2/128");
-        first.GetProtocolExtra().WgMtu.Should().Be(1420);
+        await first.Address.Should().BeEqualTo("2001:db8::1");
+        await first.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(51820);
+        await first.Password.Should().BeEqualTo("interface-private-key");
+        await first.GetProtocolExtra().WgReserved.Should().BeEqualTo("1, 2, 3");
+        await first.GetProtocolExtra().WgInterfaceAddress.Should().BeEqualTo("10.0.0.2/32, fd00::2/128");
+        await first.GetProtocolExtra().WgMtu.Should().BeEqualTo(1420);
+        await first.GetProtocolExtra().WgDns.Should().BeEqualTo("2001::db8::53, 1.2.3.4, 2001:db8::54");

        var second = resolved[1];
-        second.Address.Should().Be("example.com");
-        second.Port.Should().Be(12345);
+        await second.Address.Should().BeEqualTo("example.com");
+        await second.Port.Should().BeEqualTo(12345);
    }
 }
@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ global using System.Diagnostics;
 global using System.Net;
 global using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
 global using System.Net.Sockets;
-global using System.Reactive;
-global using System.Reactive.Disposables;
-global using System.Reactive.Linq;
 global using System.Reflection;
 global using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 global using System.Security.Cryptography;
@@ -15,10 +12,7 @@ global using System.Text.Json;
 global using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
 global using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 global using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
-global using DynamicData;
-global using DynamicData.Binding;
 global using ReactiveUI;
-global using ReactiveUI.Fody.Helpers;
 global using ServiceLib.Base;
 global using ServiceLib.Common;
 global using ServiceLib.Enums;
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Tests.Manager;
+
+public class CoreManagerTests
+{
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(ECoreType.sing_box)]
+    [Arguments(ECoreType.mihomo)]
+    [Arguments(ECoreType.Xray)]
+    public async Task ShouldRunAsSudo_TunLaunchOnNonWindows_RequiresElevation(ECoreType coreType)
+    {
+        await CoreManager.ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch: true, coreType, isNonWindows: true).Should().BeTrue();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ShouldRunAsSudo_NonTunLaunch_ShouldNotElevate()
+    {
+        // Regression guard for the macOS TUN failure: the elevation decision must follow
+        // the context snapshot that generated the config. A launch whose snapshot has TUN
+        // disabled must never elevate, and a launch whose snapshot has TUN enabled must
+        // elevate regardless of later changes to the live config.
+        await CoreManager.ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch: false, ECoreType.sing_box, isNonWindows: true).Should().BeFalse();
+        await CoreManager.ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch: false, ECoreType.Xray, isNonWindows: true).Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public async Task ShouldRunAsSudo_OnWindows_ShouldNotElevate()
+    {
+        await CoreManager.ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch: true, ECoreType.sing_box, isNonWindows: false).Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    [Arguments(ECoreType.v2fly)]
+    [Arguments(ECoreType.hysteria)]
+    [Arguments(null)]
+    public async Task ShouldRunAsSudo_UnsupportedCoreType_ShouldNotElevate(ECoreType? coreType)
+    {
+        await CoreManager.ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch: true, coreType, isNonWindows: true).Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+}
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
-    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
-    <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
-  </PropertyGroup>
+    <PropertyGroup>
+        <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+        <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+        <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    </PropertyGroup>

-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="AwesomeAssertions" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" />
-    <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="xunit.v3" />
-  </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+        <PackageReference Include="TUnit" />
+        <PackageReference Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should" />
+    </ItemGroup>

-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\ServiceLib\ServiceLib.csproj" />
-  </ItemGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+        <ProjectReference Include="..\ServiceLib\ServiceLib.csproj" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+
+    <ItemGroup>
+        <Using Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should" />
+        <Using Include="TUnit.Assertions.Should.Extensions" />
+    </ItemGroup>

 </Project>
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Base;
+
+public class BulkObservableCollection<T> : ObservableCollection<T>
+{
+    private bool _suppressNotification;
+
+    public BulkObservableCollection()
+    {
+    }
+
+    public BulkObservableCollection(IEnumerable<T> collection) : base(collection) { }
+    public BulkObservableCollection(List<T> list) : base(list) { }
+
+    protected override void OnCollectionChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (!_suppressNotification)
+        {
+            base.OnCollectionChanged(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected override void OnPropertyChanged(PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (!_suppressNotification)
+        {
+            base.OnPropertyChanged(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void AddRange(IEnumerable<T>? collection)
+    {
+        if (collection == null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        _suppressNotification = true;
+        try
+        {
+            foreach (var item in collection)
+            {
+                Add(item);
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressNotification = false;
+            OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Count)));
+            OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
+            OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Replace(T oldItem, T newItem)
+    {
+        var index = Items.IndexOf(oldItem);
+        if (index < 0)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Items[index] = newItem;
+
+        OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
+        OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(
+            NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Replace,
+            newItem,
+            oldItem,
+            index));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void ReplaceRange(IEnumerable<T>? collection)
+    {
+        _suppressNotification = true;
+        try
+        {
+            Items.Clear();
+            if (collection != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var item in collection)
+                {
+                    Items.Add(item);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            _suppressNotification = false;
+            OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs(nameof(Count)));
+            OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
+            OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Base;
+
+public interface ICloseable
+{
+    public event EventHandler? RequestClose;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Base;
+
+public interface IWindowDialog
+{
+    public Task<bool> ShowDialogAsync<TViewModel>(TViewModel vm)
+        where TViewModel : class;
+}
@@ -3,5 +3,4 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Base;
 public class MyReactiveObject : ReactiveObject
 {
    protected static Config? _config;
-    protected Func<EViewAction, object?, Task<bool>>? _updateView;
 }
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

 namespace ServiceLib.Common;

@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ public static class Extension

    public static bool IsComplexType(this EConfigType configType)
    {
-        return configType is EConfigType.Custom or EConfigType.PolicyGroup or EConfigType.ProxyChain;
+        return configType is EConfigType.Custom or EConfigType.Outbound or EConfigType.PolicyGroup or EConfigType.ProxyChain;
    }

    /// <summary>
@@ -134,4 +135,30 @@ public static class Extension
                    .Replace("\r", replacement)
                    .Replace("\n", replacement);
    }
+
+    public static async Task<TOutput> HandleSafe<TInput, TOutput>(
+        this Interaction<TInput, TOutput> interaction,
+        TInput input,
+        TOutput defaultValue = default!,
+        [CallerMemberName] string memberName = "",
+        [CallerFilePath] string filePath = "",
+        [CallerLineNumber] int lineNumber = 0)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return await interaction.Handle(input);
+        }
+        catch (UnhandledInteractionException<TInput, TOutput> ex)
+        {
+            var title = $"Unhandled interaction exception in {memberName} at {filePath}:{lineNumber}";
+            Logging.SaveLog(title, ex);
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            var title = $"Exception occurred while handling interaction in {memberName} at {filePath}:{lineNumber}, input: {input}";
+            Logging.SaveLog(title, ex);
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using System.Collections.Specialized;
 using System.Security.Principal;
 using CliWrap;
 using CliWrap.Buffered;
@@ -201,7 +200,9 @@ public class Utils
        var parts = query[1..].Split('&', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        foreach (var part in parts)
        {
-            var keyValue = part.Split('=');
+            // Split on the FIRST '=' only: RFC 3986 lists '=' among the sub-delimiters a query
+            // value may carry, so everything after the first one belongs to the value.
+            var keyValue = part.Split('=', 2);
            if (keyValue.Length != 2)
            {
                continue;
@@ -324,6 +325,29 @@ public class Utils
                    .ReplaceLineBreaks(",");
    }

+    public static string ParseProcess(string text)
+    {
+        if (text.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+        if (text.StartsWith('"'))
+        {
+            text = text[1..];
+        }
+        if (text.EndsWith('"'))
+        {
+            text = text[..^1];
+        }
+        return List2String(text.Replace("，", ",")
+            .Replace("\\", "/")
+            .ReplaceLineBreaks(",")
+            .Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+            .Select(x => x.TrimEx())
+            .Where(x => x.IsNotEmpty())
+            .ToList());
+    }
+
    public static List<string> GetEnumNames<TEnum>() where TEnum : Enum
    {
        return Enum.GetValues(typeof(TEnum))
@@ -462,12 +486,17 @@ public class Utils

    public static string? DomainStrategy4Sbox(string? strategy)
    {
+        if (strategy is null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
        return strategy switch
        {
-            not null when strategy.StartsWith("UseIPv4") => "prefer_ipv4",
-            not null when strategy.StartsWith("UseIPv6") => "prefer_ipv6",
-            not null when strategy.StartsWith("ForceIPv4") => "ipv4_only",
-            not null when strategy.StartsWith("ForceIPv6") => "ipv6_only",
+            _ when strategy.StartsWith("UseIPv6") => "prefer_ipv6",
+            _ when strategy.StartsWith("UseIP") => "prefer_ipv4",
+            _ when strategy.StartsWith("ForceIPv6") => "ipv6_only",
+            _ when strategy.StartsWith("ForceIP") => "ipv4_only",
            _ => null
        };
    }
@@ -576,6 +605,58 @@ public class Utils
        }
    }

+    public static bool TryParseRange(string? input, int min, int max, out int from, out int to)
+    {
+        from = to = 0;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        var parts = input.Split('-');
+        if (parts.Length == 1)
+        {
+            if (!int.TryParse(parts[0], out from))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            to = from;
+            return from >= min && to <= max;
+        }
+        if (parts.Length != 2
+            || !int.TryParse(parts[0], out from)
+            || !int.TryParse(parts[1], out to))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return from >= min && to <= max && from <= to;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryParseMaxSplit(string? input, int min, int max, out int from, out int to)
+    {
+        from = to = 0;
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        var parts = input.Split('-');
+        if (parts.Length == 1)
+        {
+            if (!int.TryParse(parts[0], out from))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            to = from;
+            return from >= min && to <= max;
+        }
+        if (parts.Length != 2
+            || !int.TryParse(parts[0], out from)
+            || !int.TryParse(parts[1], out to))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return from >= min && to <= max && from <= to;
+    }
+
    public static bool IsPrivateNetwork(string ip)
    {
        if (IPAddress.TryParse(ip, out var address))
@@ -673,11 +754,11 @@ public class Utils
        return false;
    }

-    public static int GetFreePort(int defaultPort = 0)
+    public static int GetFreePort(int defaultPort)
    {
        try
        {
-            if (!(defaultPort == 0 || Utils.PortInUse(defaultPort)))
+            if (!PortInUse(defaultPort))
            {
                return defaultPort;
            }
@@ -716,6 +797,58 @@ public class Utils
        return (endpoints, connections);
    }

+    public static bool IsLocalIP(string ipAddress)
+    {
+        if (!IPAddress.TryParse(ipAddress, out var targetAddress))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
+               .SelectMany(ni => ni.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses)
+               .Any(ua => ua.Address.Equals(targetAddress));
+    }
+
+    public static bool ContainsInterfaceName(string inInterfaceName)
+    {
+        return NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
+            .Any(ni => ni.Name.Equals(inInterfaceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether the host holds a globally routable IPv6 address, that is one inside 2000::/3.
+    /// Link-local and unique local addresses are excluded: they never reach the IPv6 internet,
+    /// so a host holding only those has no IPv6 traffic that could bypass the tunnel, and no
+    /// IPv6 path that traffic sent into the tunnel could come back out of.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool HasGlobalIPv6Address()
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()
+                .Where(ni => ni.OperationalStatus == OperationalStatus.Up
+                             && ni.NetworkInterfaceType != NetworkInterfaceType.Loopback)
+                .SelectMany(ni => ni.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses)
+                .Any(ua => IsGlobalUnicastIPv6(ua.Address));
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool IsGlobalUnicastIPv6(IPAddress address)
+    {
+        if (address.AddressFamily != AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 2000::/3 is the only range currently assigned for global unicast, which leaves out
+        // ::1, fe80::/10, fc00::/7 and ff00::/8 in a single test.
+        return (address.GetAddressBytes()[0] & 0xE0) == 0x20;
+    }
+
    #endregion Speed Test

    #region Miscellaneous
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ public enum EConfigType
    HTTP = 10,
    Anytls = 11,
    Naive = 12,
+    Outbound = 13,
    PolicyGroup = 101,
    ProxyChain = 102,
 }
@@ -5,5 +5,4 @@ public enum ERuleMode
    Rule = 0,
    Global = 1,
    Direct = 2,
-    Unchanged = 3
 }
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-namespace ServiceLib.Enums;
-
-public enum EViewAction
-{
-    CloseWindow,
-    ShowYesNo,
-    SaveFileDialog,
-    AddBatchRoutingRulesYesNo,
-    SetClipboardData,
-    AddServerViaClipboard,
-    ImportRulesFromClipboard,
-    ProfilesFocus,
-    ShareSub,
-    ShareServer,
-    ScanScreenTask,
-    ScanImageTask,
-    BrowseServer,
-    ImportRulesFromFile,
-    InitSettingFont,
-    PasswordInput,
-    SubEditWindow,
-    RoutingRuleSettingWindow,
-    RoutingRuleDetailsWindow,
-    AddServerWindow,
-    AddServer2Window,
-    AddGroupServerWindow,
-    DNSSettingWindow,
-    RoutingSettingWindow,
-    OptionSettingWindow,
-    FullConfigTemplateWindow,
-    GlobalHotkeySettingWindow,
-    SubSettingWindow,
-    DispatcherRefreshServersBiz,
-    DispatcherRefreshIcon,
-    DispatcherShowMsg,
-}
@@ -2,30 +2,16 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Events;

 public static class AppEvents
 {
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> ReloadRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<bool?> ShowHideWindowRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> AddServerViaScanRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> AddServerViaClipboardRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<bool> SubscriptionsUpdateRequested = new();
+    public static readonly EventChannel<RxVoid> AddServerViaClipboardRequested = new();
    public static readonly EventChannel<bool> HasUpdateNotified = new();

-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> ProfilesRefreshRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> SubscriptionsRefreshRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> ProxiesReloadRequested = new();
    public static readonly EventChannel<ServerSpeedItem> DispatcherStatisticsRequested = new();

    public static readonly EventChannel<string> SendSnackMsgRequested = new();
    public static readonly EventChannel<string> SendMsgViewRequested = new();

-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> AppExitRequested = new();
+    public static readonly EventChannel<RxVoid> AppExitRequested = new();
    public static readonly EventChannel<bool> ShutdownRequested = new();

-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> AdjustMainLvColWidthRequested = new();
-
-    public static readonly EventChannel<string> SetDefaultServerRequested = new();
-
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> RoutingsMenuRefreshRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> TestServerRequested = new();
-    public static readonly EventChannel<Unit> InboundDisplayRequested = new();
    public static readonly EventChannel<ESysProxyType> SysProxyChangeRequested = new();
 }
@@ -1,27 +1,38 @@
-using System.Reactive.Subjects;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Events;

 public sealed class EventChannel<T>
 {
-    private readonly ISubject<T> _subject = Subject.Synchronize(new Subject<T>());
+    private readonly Signal<T> _signal = new();
+    private readonly Lock _gate = new();
+    private readonly IObservable<T> _observable;
+
+    public EventChannel()
+    {
+        _observable = _signal.Synchronize(_gate);
+    }

    public IObservable<T> AsObservable()
    {
-        return _subject.AsObservable();
+        return _observable;
    }

    public void Publish(T value)
    {
-        _subject.OnNext(value);
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _signal.OnNext(value);
+        }
    }

    public void Publish()
    {
-        if (typeof(T) != typeof(Unit))
+        if (typeof(T) != typeof(RxVoid))
        {
-            throw new InvalidOperationException("Publish() without value is only valid for EventChannel<Unit>.");
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("Publish() without value is only valid for EventChannel<RxVoid>.");
+        }
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            _signal.OnNext((T)(object)RxVoid.Default);
        }
-        _subject.OnNext((T)(object)Unit.Default);
    }
 }
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-<Weavers xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="FodyWeavers.xsd">
-  <ReactiveUI />
-</Weavers>
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ namespace ServiceLib;

 public class Global
 {
-    #region const
-
    public const string AppName = "v2rayN";
    public const string GithubUrl = "https://github.com";
    public const string GithubApiUrl = "https://api.github.com/repos";
@@ -42,6 +40,11 @@ public class Global
    public const string KillAsSudoOSXShellFileName = NamespaceSample + "kill_as_sudo_osx_sh";
    public const string KillAsSudoLinuxShellFileName = NamespaceSample + "kill_as_sudo_linux_sh";
    public const string SingboxFakeIPFilterFileName = NamespaceSample + "singbox_fakeip_filter";
+    public const string ChromeRootCertFileName = NamespaceSample + "chrome_roots_pem";
+    public const string MozillaRootCertFileName = NamespaceSample + "mozilla_roots_pem";
+
+    public const string ChromeRootProvider = "chrome";
+    public const string MozillaRootProvider = "mozilla";

    public const string DefaultSecurity = "auto";
    public const string DefaultNetwork = "raw";
@@ -92,17 +95,21 @@ public class Global
    public const string LinuxBash = "/bin/bash";
    public const string StringTrue = "true";
    public const string StringFalse = "false";
+    public const int SqliteMaxBatchSize = 10000;

-    public const string SingboxDirectDNSTag = "direct_dns";
-    public const string SingboxRemoteDNSTag = "remote_dns";
-    public const string SingboxLocalDNSTag = "local_local";
-    public const string SingboxHostsDNSTag = "hosts_dns";
-    public const string SingboxFakeDNSTag = "fake_dns";
+    public const string SingboxDirectDNSTagPrefix = "direct-dns-";
+    public const string SingboxRemoteDNSTagPrefix = "remote-dns-";
+    public const string SingboxDirectDNSTag = "direct-dns-1";
+    public const string SingboxRemoteDNSTag = "remote-dns-1";
+    public const string SingboxDirectDNSTagTemplate = "direct-dns-{0}";
+    public const string SingboxRemoteDNSTagTemplate = "remote-dns-{0}";
+    public const string SingboxLocalDNSTag = "local-local";
+    public const string SingboxHostsDNSTag = "hosts-dns";
+    public const string SingboxFakeDNSTag = "fake-dns";
+    public const string SingboxSrsDownloadHttpClientTag = "srs-download-http-client";

    public const int Hysteria2DefaultHopInt = 30;
-
    public const string PolicyGroupExcludeKeywords = @"剩余|过期|到期|重置|[Rr]emaining|[Ee]xpir|[Rr]eset";
-
    public const string PolicyGroupDefaultAllFilter = $"^(?!.*(?:{PolicyGroupExcludeKeywords})).*$";

    public static readonly List<string> PolicyGroupDefaultFilterList =
@@ -210,6 +217,10 @@ public class Global

    public const string Hysteria2ProtocolShare = "hy2://";

+    public const string Hysteria2RealmProtocolShare = "hysteria2+realm://";
+
+    public const string Hysteria2HttpRealmProtocolShare = "hysteria2+realm+http://";
+
    public const string NaiveHttpsProtocolShare = "naive+https://";

    public const string NaiveQuicProtocolShare = "naive+quic://";
@@ -406,6 +417,16 @@ public class Global
        ""
    ];

+    public static readonly List<string> FragmentPacketsOptions =
+    [
+        "tlshello",
+        "1-1",
+        "1-2",
+        "1-3",
+        "1-4",
+        "1-5"
+    ];
+
    public static readonly List<string> UserAgent =
    [
        "chrome",
@@ -476,7 +497,8 @@ public class Global
        "fa",
        "fr",
        "ru",
-        "hu"
+        "hu",
+        "id"
    ];

    public static readonly List<string> Alpns =
@@ -536,7 +558,6 @@ public class Global
        "http",
        "tls",
        "quic",
-        "fakedns",
    ];

    public static readonly List<int> TunMtus =
@@ -666,6 +687,14 @@ public class Global
        "mcbe:bedrock.talonmc.net",
    ];

+    public static readonly List<string> DefaultRealmStunList =
+    [
+        "turn.cloudflare.com:3478",
+        "stun.nextcloud.com:3478",
+        "stun.sip.us:3478",
+        "global.stun.twilio.com:3478",
+    ];
+
    public static readonly List<string> OutboundTags =
    [
        ProxyTag,
@@ -708,5 +737,42 @@ public class Global
        "reply",
    ];

-    #endregion const
+    public static readonly List<string> FakeIPRanges =
+    [
+        "198.18.0.0/15",
+        "11.0.0.0/8",
+    ];
+
+    public static readonly List<string> RootCertProviders =
+    [
+        "system",
+        ChromeRootProvider,
+        MozillaRootProvider,
+    ];
+
+    public static readonly IReadOnlyList<string> TunIPv4Address =
+    [
+        "172.18.0.1/30",
+        "172.31.0.1/30",
+        "172.20.0.1/30",
+        "172.16.0.1/30",
+        "192.168.100.1/30",
+        "10.10.14.1/30",
+        "10.1.0.1/30",
+        "10.0.0.1/30",
+    ];
+
+    // Prefixes must leave room for a peer address (max /126); the sing-box system
+    // stack derives a gateway from the first prefix and rejects single-address prefixes.
+    public static readonly IReadOnlyList<string> TunIPv6Address =
+    [
+        "fc00::172:18:0:1/126",
+        "fc00::172:31:0:1/126",
+        "fc00::172:20:0:1/126",
+        "fc00::172:16:0:1/126",
+        "fc00::192:168:100:1/126",
+        "fc00::10:10:14:1/126",
+        "fc00::10:1:0:1/126",
+        "fc00::10:0:0:1/126",
+    ];
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 global using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+global using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+global using System.Collections.Specialized;
+global using System.ComponentModel;
 global using System.Diagnostics;
 global using System.Net;
 global using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
 global using System.Net.Sockets;
-global using System.Reactive;
-global using System.Reactive.Disposables;
-global using System.Reactive.Linq;
+global using ReactiveUI.Primitives;
+global using ReactiveUI.Primitives.Concurrency;
+global using ReactiveUI.Primitives.Extensions;
+global using ReactiveUI.Primitives.Disposables;
+global using ReactiveUI.Primitives.Signals;
 global using System.Reflection;
 global using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 global using System.Runtime.Versioning;
@@ -16,10 +21,8 @@ global using System.Text.Json;
 global using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
 global using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 global using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
-global using DynamicData;
-global using DynamicData.Binding;
 global using ReactiveUI;
-global using ReactiveUI.Fody.Helpers;
+global using ReactiveUI.SourceGenerators;
 global using ServiceLib.Base;
 global using ServiceLib.Common;
 global using ServiceLib.Enums;
@@ -30,8 +33,8 @@ global using ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;
 global using ServiceLib.Handler.SysProxy;
 global using ServiceLib.Helper;
 global using ServiceLib.Manager;
-global using ServiceLib.Models.CoreConfigs;
 global using ServiceLib.Models.Configs;
+global using ServiceLib.Models.CoreConfigs;
 global using ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
 global using ServiceLib.Models.Entities;
 global using ServiceLib.Resx;
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ public record CoreConfigContextBuilderResult(CoreConfigContext Context, NodeVali
 }

 /// <summary>
-/// Holds the results of a full context build, including the main context and an optional
-/// pre-socks context (e.g. for TUN protection or pre-socks chaining).
+///     Holds the results of a full context build, including the main context and an optional
+///     pre-socks context (e.g. for TUN protection or pre-socks chaining).
 /// </summary>
 public record CoreConfigContextBuilderAllResult(
    CoreConfigContextBuilderResult MainResult,
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ public record CoreConfigContextBuilderAllResult(
    public bool Success => MainResult.Success && (PreSocksResult?.Success ?? true);

    /// <summary>
-    /// Merges all errors and warnings from the main result and the optional pre-socks result
-    /// into a single <see cref="NodeValidatorResult"/> for unified notification.
+    ///     Merges all errors and warnings from the main result and the optional pre-socks result
+    ///     into a single <see cref="NodeValidatorResult" /> for unified notification.
    /// </summary>
    public NodeValidatorResult CombinedValidatorResult => new(
        [.. MainResult.ValidatorResult.Errors, .. PreSocksResult?.ValidatorResult.Errors ?? []],
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ public record CoreConfigContextBuilderAllResult(
 public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
 {
    /// <summary>
-    /// Builds a <see cref="CoreConfigContext"/> for the given node, resolves its proxy map,
-    /// and processes outbound nodes referenced by routing rules.
+    ///     Builds a <see cref="CoreConfigContext" /> for the given node, resolves its proxy map,
+    ///     and processes outbound nodes referenced by routing rules.
    /// </summary>
    public static async Task<CoreConfigContextBuilderResult> Build(Config config, ProfileItem node)
    {
        var runCoreType = AppManager.Instance.GetCoreType(node, node.ConfigType);
        var coreType = runCoreType == ECoreType.sing_box ? ECoreType.sing_box : ECoreType.Xray;
-        var context = new CoreConfigContext()
+        var context = new CoreConfigContext
        {
            Node = node,
            RunCoreType = runCoreType,
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
            RoutingItem = await ConfigHandler.GetDefaultRouting(config),
            IsWindows = Utils.IsWindows(),
            IsMacOS = Utils.IsMacOS(),
+            HasGlobalIPv6Address = Utils.HasGlobalIPv6Address(),
+            ProtectCoreTypeList = config.TunModeItem.EnableTun ? [ECoreType.Xray, ECoreType.sing_box] : []
        };
        var validatorResult = NodeValidatorResult.Empty();
        var (actNode, nodeValidatorResult) = await ResolveNodeAsync(context, node);
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        if (!(context.RoutingItem?.RuleSet.IsNullOrEmpty() ?? true))
        {
            var rules = JsonUtils.Deserialize<List<RulesItem>>(context.RoutingItem?.RuleSet) ?? [];
-            foreach (var ruleItem in rules.Where(ruleItem => ruleItem.Enabled && !Global.OutboundTags.Contains(ruleItem.OutboundTag)))
+            foreach (var ruleItem in rules.Where(ruleItem =>
+                         ruleItem.Enabled && !Global.OutboundTags.Contains(ruleItem.OutboundTag)))
            {
                if (ruleItem.OutboundTag.IsNullOrEmpty())
                {
@@ -72,7 +75,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
                var ruleOutboundNode = await AppManager.Instance.GetProfileItemViaRemarks(ruleItem.OutboundTag);
                if (ruleOutboundNode == null)
                {
-                    validatorResult.Warnings.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgRoutingRuleOutboundNodeNotFound, ruleItem.Remarks, ruleItem.OutboundTag));
+                    validatorResult.Warnings.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgRoutingRuleOutboundNodeNotFound,
+                        ruleItem.Remarks, ruleItem.OutboundTag));
                    ruleItem.OutboundTag = Global.ProxyTag;
                    continue;
                }
@@ -83,7 +87,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
                if (!ruleNodeValidatorResult.Success)
                {
                    validatorResult.Warnings.AddRange(ruleNodeValidatorResult.Errors.Select(e =>
-                        string.Format(ResUI.MsgRoutingRuleOutboundNodeError, ruleItem.Remarks, ruleItem.OutboundTag, e)));
+                        string.Format(ResUI.MsgRoutingRuleOutboundNodeError, ruleItem.Remarks, ruleItem.OutboundTag,
+                            e)));
                    ruleItem.OutboundTag = Global.ProxyTag;
                    continue;
                }
@@ -91,28 +96,51 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
                context.AllProxiesMap[$"remark:{ruleItem.OutboundTag}"] = actRuleNode;
            }
        }
+
        if (context.IsTunEnabled && context.AppConfig.TunModeItem.RouteExcludeAddress is { Count: > 0 })
        {
+            var appConfig = JsonUtils.DeepCopy(config);
+            var routeExcludeAddressList = new List<string>();
            foreach (var addr in context.AppConfig.TunModeItem.RouteExcludeAddress)
            {
                try
                {
                    IPNetwork2.Parse(addr);
+                    routeExcludeAddressList.Add(addr);
                }
                catch
                {
-                    validatorResult.Errors.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgTunRouteExcludeInvalidAddress, addr));
+                    validatorResult.Warnings.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgTunRouteExcludeInvalidAddress, addr));
                }
            }
+            appConfig.TunModeItem.RouteExcludeAddress = routeExcludeAddressList;
+            context = context with { AppConfig = appConfig };
+        }
+        if (!context.AppConfig.CoreBasicItem.SendThrough.IsNullOrEmpty()
+            && !Utils.IsLocalIP(context.AppConfig.CoreBasicItem.SendThrough))
+        {
+            validatorResult.Warnings.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbSettingsSendThrough));
+            var appConfig = JsonUtils.DeepCopy(config);
+            appConfig.CoreBasicItem.SendThrough = string.Empty;
+            context = context with { AppConfig = appConfig };
+        }
+        if (!context.AppConfig.CoreBasicItem.BindInterface.IsNullOrEmpty()
+            && (!Utils.ContainsInterfaceName(context.AppConfig.CoreBasicItem.BindInterface)
+            || !(context.IsTunEnabled || context.IsWindows)))
+        {
+            validatorResult.Warnings.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbSettingsBindInterface));
+            var appConfig = JsonUtils.DeepCopy(config);
+            appConfig.CoreBasicItem.BindInterface = string.Empty;
+            context = context with { AppConfig = appConfig };
        }

        return new CoreConfigContextBuilderResult(context, validatorResult);
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Builds the main <see cref="CoreConfigContext"/> for <paramref name="node"/> and, when
-    /// the main build succeeds, also builds the optional pre-socks context required for TUN
-    /// protection or pre-socks proxy chaining.
+    ///     Builds the main <see cref="CoreConfigContext" /> for <paramref name="node" /> and, when
+    ///     the main build succeeds, also builds the optional pre-socks context required for TUN
+    ///     protection or pre-socks proxy chaining.
    /// </summary>
    public static async Task<CoreConfigContextBuilderAllResult> BuildAll(Config config, ProfileItem node)
    {
@@ -132,16 +160,31 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        {
            Context = mainResult.Context with
            {
-                IsTunEnabled = false, // main core doesn't handle tun directly when pre-socks is used
+                IsTunEnabled = false,
+                // main core doesn't handle tun directly when pre-socks is used
                ProtectDomainList = [.. mainResult.Context.ProtectDomainList, .. preResult.Context.ProtectDomainList],
-            }
+            },
        };
+        if (mainResult.Context.IsTunEnabled
+            && mainResult.Context.AppConfig.TunModeItem.StrictRoute)
+        {
+            var appConfig = JsonUtils.DeepCopy(mainResult.Context.AppConfig);
+            appConfig.CoreBasicItem.BindInterface = string.Empty;
+            appConfig.CoreBasicItem.SendThrough = string.Empty;
+            resolvedMainResult = resolvedMainResult with
+            {
+                Context = resolvedMainResult.Context with
+                {
+                    AppConfig = appConfig,
+                },
+            };
+        }
        return new CoreConfigContextBuilderAllResult(resolvedMainResult, preResult);
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Determines whether a pre-socks context is required for <paramref name="nodeContext"/>
-    /// and, if so, builds and returns it. Returns <c>null</c> when no pre-socks core is needed.
+    ///     Determines whether a pre-socks context is required for <paramref name="nodeContext" />
+    ///     and, if so, builds and returns it. Returns <c>null</c> when no pre-socks core is needed.
    /// </summary>
    private static async Task<CoreConfigContextBuilderResult?> BuildPreSocksIfNeeded(CoreConfigContext nodeContext)
    {
@@ -153,12 +196,17 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        if (preSocksItem != null)
        {
            var preSocksResult = await Build(nodeContext.AppConfig, preSocksItem);
+
+            var protectCoreTypeList = new HashSet<ECoreType>(nodeContext.ProtectCoreTypeList) { nodeContext.RunCoreType };
+
            return preSocksResult with
            {
                Context = preSocksResult.Context with
                {
-                    ProtectDomainList = [.. nodeContext.ProtectDomainList ?? [], .. preSocksResult.Context.ProtectDomainList ?? []],
-                }
+                    ProtectDomainList =
+                    [.. nodeContext.ProtectDomainList, .. preSocksResult.Context.ProtectDomainList],
+                    ProtectCoreTypeList = protectCoreTypeList,
+                },
            };
        }

@@ -166,8 +214,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Resolves a node into the context, optionally wrapping it in a subscription-level proxy chain.
-    /// Returns the effective (possibly replaced) node and the validation result.
+    ///     Resolves a node into the context, optionally wrapping it in a subscription-level proxy chain.
+    ///     Returns the effective (possibly replaced) node and the validation result.
    /// </summary>
    public static async Task<(ProfileItem, NodeValidatorResult)> ResolveNodeAsync(CoreConfigContext context,
        ProfileItem node,
@@ -202,12 +250,13 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// If the node's subscription defines prev/next profiles, creates a virtual
-    /// <see cref="EConfigType.ProxyChain"/> node that wraps them together.
-    /// Returns <c>null</c> as the chain item when no chain is needed.
-    /// Any warnings (e.g. missing prev/next profile) are returned in the validator result.
+    ///     If the node's subscription defines prev/next profiles, creates a virtual
+    ///     <see cref="EConfigType.ProxyChain" /> node that wraps them together.
+    ///     Returns <c>null</c> as the chain item when no chain is needed.
+    ///     Any warnings (e.g. missing prev/next profile) are returned in the validator result.
    /// </summary>
-    private static async Task<(ProfileItem? ChainNode, NodeValidatorResult ValidatorResult)> BuildSubscriptionChainNodeAsync(ProfileItem node)
+    private static async Task<(ProfileItem? ChainNode, NodeValidatorResult ValidatorResult)>
+        BuildSubscriptionChainNodeAsync(ProfileItem node)
    {
        var result = NodeValidatorResult.Empty();

@@ -248,7 +297,7 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        }

        // Build new proxy chain node
-        var chainNode = new ProfileItem()
+        var chainNode = new ProfileItem
        {
            IndexId = $"inner-{Utils.GetGuid(false)}",
            ConfigType = EConfigType.ProxyChain,
@@ -266,8 +315,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Dispatches registration to either <see cref="RegisterGroupNodeAsync"/> or
-    /// <see cref="RegisterSingleNodeAsync"/> based on the node's config type.
+    ///     Dispatches registration to either <see cref="RegisterGroupNodeAsync" /> or
+    ///     <see cref="RegisterSingleNodeAsync" /> based on the node's config type.
    /// </summary>
    private static async Task<NodeValidatorResult> RegisterNodeAsync(CoreConfigContext context, ProfileItem node)
    {
@@ -275,17 +324,14 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        {
            return await RegisterGroupNodeAsync(context, node);
        }
-        else
-        {
-            return RegisterSingleNodeAsync(context, node);
-        }
+        return await RegisterSingleNodeAsync(context, node);
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Validates a single (non-group) node and, on success, adds it to the proxy map
-    /// and records any domain addresses that should bypass the proxy.
+    ///     Validates a single (non-group) node and, on success, adds it to the proxy map
+    ///     and records any domain addresses that should bypass the proxy.
    /// </summary>
-    private static NodeValidatorResult RegisterSingleNodeAsync(CoreConfigContext context, ProfileItem node)
+    private static async Task<NodeValidatorResult> RegisterSingleNodeAsync(CoreConfigContext context, ProfileItem node)
    {
        if (node.ConfigType.IsGroupType())
        {
@@ -293,6 +339,29 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        }

        var nodeValidatorResult = NodeValidator.Validate(node, context.RunCoreType);
+
+        if (node.ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound)
+        {
+            var addressFileName = node.Address;
+            if (!File.Exists(addressFileName))
+            {
+                addressFileName = Utils.GetConfigPath(addressFileName);
+            }
+            if (!File.Exists(addressFileName))
+            {
+                nodeValidatorResult.Errors.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgCustomOutboundFileNotFound, node.Remarks, addressFileName));
+            }
+            try
+            {
+                var fileContent = await File.ReadAllTextAsync(addressFileName);
+                context.CustomOutboundContent[node.IndexId] = fileContent;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                nodeValidatorResult.Errors.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgCustomOutboundFileNotFound, node.Remarks, addressFileName));
+            }
+        }
+
        var msgs = new List<string>([.. nodeValidatorResult.Errors, .. nodeValidatorResult.Warnings]);
        if (msgs.Count > 0)
        {
@@ -316,7 +385,7 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
        {
            var echQuerySni = node.Sni;
            if (node.StreamSecurity == Global.StreamSecurity
-                && node.EchConfigList?.Contains("://") == true)
+                && node.EchConfigList.Contains("://"))
            {
                var idx = node.EchConfigList.IndexOf('+');
                echQuerySni = idx > 0 ? node.EchConfigList[..idx] : node.Sni;
@@ -347,8 +416,8 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Entry point for registering a group node. Initialises the visited/ancestor sets
-    /// and delegates to <see cref="TraverseGroupNodeAsync"/>.
+    ///     Entry point for registering a group node. Initialises the visited/ancestor sets
+    ///     and delegates to <see cref="TraverseGroupNodeAsync" />.
    /// </summary>
    private static async Task<NodeValidatorResult> RegisterGroupNodeAsync(CoreConfigContext context,
        ProfileItem node)
@@ -364,9 +433,9 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
    }

    /// <summary>
-    /// Recursively walks the children of a group node, registering valid leaf nodes
-    /// and nested groups. Detects cycles via <paramref name="ancestorsGroup"/> and
-    /// deduplicates shared nodes via <paramref name="globalVisitedGroup"/>.
+    ///     Recursively walks the children of a group node, registering valid leaf nodes
+    ///     and nested groups. Detects cycles via <paramref name="ancestorsGroup" /> and
+    ///     deduplicates shared nodes via <paramref name="globalVisitedGroup" />.
    /// </summary>
    private static async Task<NodeValidatorResult> TraverseGroupNodeAsync(
        CoreConfigContext context,
@@ -394,7 +463,7 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder

            if (!childNode.ConfigType.IsGroupType())
            {
-                var childNodeResult = RegisterSingleNodeAsync(context, childNode);
+                var childNodeResult = await RegisterSingleNodeAsync(context, childNode);
                childNodeValidatorResult.Warnings.AddRange(childNodeResult.Warnings.Select(w =>
                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgGroupChildNodeWarning, node.Remarks, childNode.Remarks, w)));
                childNodeValidatorResult.Errors.AddRange(childNodeResult.Errors.Select(e =>
@@ -430,13 +499,10 @@ public class CoreConfigContextBuilder
            childNodeValidatorResult.Errors.Add(string.Format(ResUI.MsgGroupNoValidChildNode, node.Remarks));
            return childNodeValidatorResult;
        }
-        else
-        {
-            childNodeValidatorResult.Warnings.AddRange(childNodeValidatorResult.Errors);
-            childNodeValidatorResult.Errors.Clear();
-        }
+        childNodeValidatorResult.Warnings.AddRange(childNodeValidatorResult.Errors);
+        childNodeValidatorResult.Errors.Clear();

-        node.SetProtocolExtra(node.GetProtocolExtra() with { ChildItems = Utils.List2String(childIndexIdList), });
+        node.SetProtocolExtra(node.GetProtocolExtra() with { ChildItems = Utils.List2String(childIndexIdList) });
        context.AllProxiesMap[node.IndexId] = node;
        return childNodeValidatorResult;
    }
@@ -36,6 +36,15 @@ public class NodeValidator
            return;
        }

+        if (item.ConfigType is EConfigType.Outbound)
+        {
+            if (item.CoreType != coreType)
+            {
+                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgCoreNotSupportProtocol, coreType.ToString(), item.ConfigType));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
        if (item.ConfigType.IsGroupType())
        {
            // Group logic is handled in ValidateGroupNode
@@ -43,8 +52,8 @@ public class NodeValidator
        }

        // Basic Property Validation
-        v.Assert(!item.Address.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Address"));
-        v.Assert(item.Port is > 0 and <= 65535, string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Port"));
+        v.Assert(!item.Address.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbAddress));
+        v.Assert(item.Port is > 0 and <= 65535, string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbPort));

        // Network & Core Logic
        var net = item.GetNetwork();
@@ -75,25 +84,25 @@ public class NodeValidator
        {
            case EConfigType.VMess:
                v.Assert(!item.Password.IsNullOrEmpty() && Utils.IsGuidByParse(item.Password),
-                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Password"));
+                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbId));
                break;

            case EConfigType.VLESS:
                v.Assert(
                    !item.Password.IsNullOrEmpty()
                    && (Utils.IsGuidByParse(item.Password) || item.Password.Length <= 30),
-                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Password")
+                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbId5)
                );
                v.Assert(Global.Flows.Contains(protocolExtra.Flow ?? string.Empty),
-                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Flow"));
+                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbFlow5));
                break;

            case EConfigType.Shadowsocks:
-                v.Assert(!item.Password.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Password"));
+                v.Assert(!item.Password.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbId3));
                v.Assert(
                    !string.IsNullOrEmpty(protocolExtra.SsMethod) &&
                    Global.SsSecuritiesInSingbox.Contains(protocolExtra.SsMethod),
-                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "SsMethod"));
+                    string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbSecurity3));
                break;
        }

@@ -106,44 +115,41 @@ public class NodeValidator

        if (item.GetNetwork() is nameof(ETransport.ws)
            && item.EchConfigList.IsNullOrEmpty()
-            && item.GetAlpn()?.FirstOrDefault() == "h3")
+            && item.GetAlpn()?.FirstOrDefault() is "h3" or "h2")
        {
            v.Warning(
-                "WebSocket but ALPN is set to h3, the core may ignore the ALPN setting or cause unexpected issues.");
+                $"WebSocket but ALPN is set to {item.Alpn}, the core may ignore the ALPN setting or cause unexpected issues.");
        }

        // TLS & Security
        if (item.StreamSecurity == Global.StreamSecurity)
        {
-            if (!item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty() && CertPemManager.ParsePemChain(item.Cert).Count == 0 &&
-                !item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            var isCertProvided = !item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty();
+            if (!item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty() && CertPemManager.ParsePemChain(item.Cert).Count == 0)
            {
-                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "TLS Certificate"));
-            }
-
-            // Check for deprecated allowInsecure property when TLS is enabled
-            if (item.GetAllowInsecure()
-                && item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty()
-                && item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
-            {
-                v.Warning(ResUI.MsgAllowInsecureDeprecated);
+                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbFullCertTips));
+                isCertProvided = false;
            }

            if ((coreType == ECoreType.Xray
                && item.GetAllowInsecure()
-                && item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty()
+                && !isCertProvided
                && item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
                || (coreType == ECoreType.sing_box
                    && item.GetAllowInsecure()
-                    && item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty()))
+                    && !isCertProvided))
            {
-                v.Warning("Insecure configuration detected: AllowInsecure is enabled but no certificate is provided. This may cause MITM attacks.");
+                if (coreType == ECoreType.Xray)
+                {
+                    v.Warning(ResUI.MsgAllowInsecureDeprecated);
+                }
+                v.Warning(ResUI.MsgInsecureConfiguration);
            }
        }

        if (item.StreamSecurity == Global.StreamSecurityReality)
        {
-            v.Assert(!item.PublicKey.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "PublicKey"));
+            v.Assert(!item.PublicKey.IsNullOrEmpty(), string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbPublicKey));
        }

        var transport = item.GetTransportExtra();
@@ -151,7 +157,7 @@ public class NodeValidator
        {
            if (JsonUtils.ParseJson(transport.XhttpExtra) is not JsonObject)
            {
-                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "XHTTP Extra"));
+                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TransportExtra));
            }
        }

@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ public class NodeValidator
        {
            if (JsonUtils.ParseJson(item.Finalmask) is not JsonObject)
            {
-                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, "Finalmask"));
+                v.Error(string.Format(ResUI.MsgInvalidProperty, ResUI.TbFinalmask));
            }
        }
    }
@@ -92,9 +92,13 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            EnableTun = false,
            Mtu = 9000,
            IcmpRouting = Global.TunIcmpRoutingPolicies.First(),
-            EnableLegacyProtect = false,
+            EnableLegacyProtect = true,
        };
        config.GuiItem ??= new();
+        if (!Global.RootCertProviders.Contains(config.GuiItem.RootCertProvider))
+        {
+            config.GuiItem.RootCertProvider = Global.RootCertProviders.First();
+        }
        config.MsgUIItem ??= new();

        config.UiItem ??= new();
@@ -111,10 +115,13 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        config.ConstItem ??= new ConstItem();

        config.SimpleDNSItem ??= InitBuiltinSimpleDNS();
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.BlockAAAAQuery ??= false;
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.FakeIPRange ??= Global.FakeIPRanges.FirstOrDefault();
        config.SimpleDNSItem.GlobalFakeIp ??= true;
        config.SimpleDNSItem.BootstrapDNS ??= Global.DomainPureIPDNSAddress.FirstOrDefault();
        config.SimpleDNSItem.ServeStale ??= false;
        config.SimpleDNSItem.ParallelQuery ??= false;
+        config.SimpleDNSItem.EnableHappyEyeballs ??= false;

        config.SpeedTestItem ??= new();
        if (config.SpeedTestItem.SpeedTestTimeout < 10)
@@ -164,9 +171,24 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        config.Fragment4RayItem ??= new()
        {
            Packets = "tlshello",
-            Length = "50-100",
-            Interval = "10-20"
        };
+        config.Fragment4RayItem.MaxSplit ??= "0";
+
+        config.HappyEyeballs4RayItem ??= new()
+        {
+            TryDelayMs = 250,
+            PrioritizeIPv6 = false,
+            Interleave = 1,
+            MaxConcurrentTry = 4,
+        };
+        if ((config.Fragment4RayItem.Lengths ?? []).Count == 0)
+        {
+            config.Fragment4RayItem.Lengths = [config.Fragment4RayItem.Length ?? "50-100"];
+        }
+        if ((config.Fragment4RayItem.Delays ?? []).Count == 0)
+        {
+            config.Fragment4RayItem.Delays = [config.Fragment4RayItem.Interval ?? "10-20"];
+        }
        config.GlobalHotkeys ??= [];

        if (config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyExceptions.IsNullOrEmpty())
@@ -361,6 +383,13 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
                {
                }
            }
+            else if (profileItem.ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound)
+            {
+                profileItem.Address = Utils.GetConfigPath(profileItem.Address);
+                if (await AddCustomOutboundServer(config, profileItem, false) == 0)
+                {
+                }
+            }
            else
            {
                await AddServerCommon(config, profileItem, true);
@@ -558,6 +587,43 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        return 0;
    }

+    public static async Task<int> AddCustomOutboundServer(Config config, ProfileItem profileItem, bool blDelete, bool toFile = true)
+    {
+        var fileName = profileItem.Address;
+        if (!File.Exists(fileName))
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        var ext = Path.GetExtension(fileName);
+        var newFileName = $"{Utils.GetGuid()}{ext}";
+        //newFileName = Path.Combine(Utile.GetTempPath(), newFileName);
+
+        try
+        {
+            File.Copy(fileName, Utils.GetConfigPath(newFileName));
+            if (blDelete)
+            {
+                File.Delete(fileName);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            Logging.SaveLog(_tag, ex);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        profileItem.Address = newFileName;
+        profileItem.ConfigType = EConfigType.Outbound;
+        if (profileItem.Remarks.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            profileItem.Remarks = $"import custom outbound@{DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss")}";
+        }
+
+        await AddServerCommon(config, profileItem, toFile);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
    /// <summary>
    /// Edit an existing custom server configuration
    /// Updates the server's properties without changing the file
@@ -579,6 +645,8 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            item.CoreType = profileItem.CoreType;
            item.DisplayLog = profileItem.DisplayLog;
            item.PreSocksPort = profileItem.PreSocksPort;
+
+            item.ProtoExtra = profileItem.ProtoExtra;
        }

        if (await SQLiteHelper.Instance.UpdateAsync(item) > 0)
@@ -720,12 +788,51 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        {
            return -1;
        }
-        profileItem.SetProtocolExtra(profileItem.GetProtocolExtra() with
+        var protocolExtra = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra();
+        profileItem.SetProtocolExtra(protocolExtra with
        {
-            SalamanderPass = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().SalamanderPass?.TrimEx(),
-            HopInterval = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().HopInterval?.TrimEx(),
+            SalamanderPass = protocolExtra.SalamanderPass?.TrimEx(),
+            HopInterval = protocolExtra.HopInterval?.TrimEx(),
        });

+        if (!protocolExtra.Hy2RealmUrl.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            var realmResult = HyRealm.TryParse(protocolExtra.Hy2RealmUrl, out var realm);
+            if (!realmResult || realm is null)
+            {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (realm.StunList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                realm = realm with
+                {
+                    StunList = Global.DefaultRealmStunList,
+                };
+            }
+            profileItem.SetProtocolExtra(profileItem.GetProtocolExtra() with
+            {
+                Hy2RealmUrl = realm.ToUri(),
+            });
+        }
+        var isGecko = !protocolExtra.GeckoMinPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty() || !protocolExtra.GeckoMaxPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty();
+        if (isGecko)
+        {
+            var minPacketSize = protocolExtra.GeckoMinPacketSize.ToInt();
+            var maxPacketSize = protocolExtra.GeckoMaxPacketSize.ToInt();
+            if (minPacketSize <= 0
+                || minPacketSize > maxPacketSize
+                || maxPacketSize > 2048)
+            {
+                minPacketSize = 512;
+                maxPacketSize = 1200;
+            }
+            profileItem.SetProtocolExtra(profileItem.GetProtocolExtra() with
+            {
+                GeckoMinPacketSize = minPacketSize.ToString(),
+                GeckoMaxPacketSize = maxPacketSize.ToString(),
+            });
+        }
+
        await AddServerCommon(config, profileItem, toFile);

        return 0;
@@ -815,6 +922,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            WgInterfaceAddress = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().WgInterfaceAddress?.TrimEx(),
            WgReserved = wgReserved,
            WgMtu = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().WgMtu is null or <= 0 ? Global.TunMtus.First() : profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().WgMtu,
+            WgDns = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra().WgDns?.TrimEx(),
        });

        if (profileItem.Password.IsNullOrEmpty())
@@ -1419,7 +1527,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            var matchedChildProfiles = childProfiles?.Where(p =>
                    p != null &&
                    p.IsValid() &&
-                    !p.ConfigType.IsComplexType() &&
+                    (!p.ConfigType.IsComplexType() || p.ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound) &&
                    (extraItem.Filter.IsNullOrEmpty() || Regex.IsMatch(p.Remarks, extraItem.Filter))
                )
                .ToList() ?? [];
@@ -1450,8 +1558,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
    public static ProfileItem? GetPreSocksItem(Config config, ProfileItem node, ECoreType coreType)
    {
        ProfileItem? itemSocks = null;
-        var enableLegacyProtect = config.TunModeItem.EnableLegacyProtect
-                                  || Utils.IsNonWindows();
+        var enableLegacyProtect = config.TunModeItem.EnableLegacyProtect;
        if (node.ConfigType != EConfigType.Custom
            && coreType != ECoreType.sing_box
            && config.TunModeItem.EnableTun
@@ -1468,7 +1575,8 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        else if (node.ConfigType == EConfigType.Custom
            && node.PreSocksPort is > 0 and <= 65535)
        {
-            var preCoreType = config.TunModeItem.EnableTun ? ECoreType.sing_box : ECoreType.Xray;
+            var customPreCoreType = AppManager.Instance.GetCoreType(null, EConfigType.Custom);
+            var preCoreType = (enableLegacyProtect && config.TunModeItem.EnableTun) ? ECoreType.sing_box : customPreCoreType;
            itemSocks = new ProfileItem()
            {
                CoreType = preCoreType,
@@ -1615,68 +1723,191 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        }

        var subItem = await AppManager.Instance.GetSubItem(subid);
-        var subRemarks = subItem?.Remarks;
-        var preSocksPort = subItem?.PreSocksPort;

-        List<ProfileItem>? lstProfiles = null;
-        //Is sing-box array configuration
-        if (lstProfiles is null || lstProfiles.Count <= 0)
+        if (subItem?.CustomCoreType is null)
        {
-            lstProfiles = SingboxFmt.ResolveFullArray(strData, subRemarks);
+            return await AddBatchServersDefaultCustom(config, strData, subid, isSub, subItem);
        }
-        //Is v2ray array configuration
-        if (lstProfiles is null || lstProfiles.Count <= 0)
+
+        return await AddBatchServersSpecificCustom(config, strData, subid, isSub, subItem);
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<int> AddBatchServersDefaultCustom(
+        Config config,
+        string strData,
+        string subid,
+        bool isSub,
+        SubItem? subItem)
+    {
+        var subRemarks = subItem?.Remarks;
+        // Prioritize using complete custom parsing, followed by custom outbound parsing.
+        var lstProfiles = V2rayFmt.ResolveToCustom(strData, subRemarks);
+        if (lstProfiles.Count == 0)
        {
-            lstProfiles = V2rayFmt.ResolveFullArray(strData, subRemarks);
+            lstProfiles = SingboxFmt.ResolveToCustom(strData, subRemarks);
        }
-        if (lstProfiles is { Count: > 0 })
+        if (lstProfiles.Count == 0)
        {
-            var count = 0;
-            foreach (var it in lstProfiles)
-            {
-                it.Subid = subid;
-                it.IsSub = isSub;
-                it.PreSocksPort = preSocksPort;
-                if (await AddCustomServer(config, it, true) == 0)
-                {
-                    count++;
-                }
-            }
+            lstProfiles = V2rayFmt.ResolveToCustomOutbound(strData, subRemarks);
+        }
+        if (lstProfiles.Count == 0)
+        {
+            lstProfiles = SingboxFmt.ResolveToCustomOutbound(strData, subRemarks);
+        }
+        if (lstProfiles.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub);
            if (count > 0)
            {
                return count;
            }
        }

-        ProfileItem? profileItem = null;
-        //Is sing-box configuration
-        profileItem ??= SingboxFmt.ResolveFull(strData, subRemarks);
-        //Is v2ray configuration
-        profileItem ??= V2rayFmt.ResolveFull(strData, subRemarks);
-        //Is Html Page
-        if (profileItem is null && HtmlPageFmt.IsHtmlPage(strData))
+        if (HtmlPageFmt.IsHtmlPage(strData))
        {
            return -1;
        }
-        //Is Clash configuration
-        profileItem ??= ClashFmt.ResolveFull(strData, subRemarks);
-        //Is hysteria configuration
-        profileItem ??= Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveFull2(strData, subRemarks);
-        if (profileItem is null || profileItem.Address.IsNullOrEmpty())
+
+        var profileItem = ClashFmt.ResolveFull(strData, subRemarks)
+            ?? Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveFull2(strData, subRemarks);
+
+        if (profileItem == null)
        {
            return -1;
        }

        profileItem.Subid = subid;
        profileItem.IsSub = isSub;
-        profileItem.PreSocksPort = preSocksPort;
-        if (await AddCustomServer(config, profileItem, true) == 0)
+        profileItem.PreSocksPort = subItem?.PreSocksPort;
+
+        return await AddCustomServer(config, profileItem, true) == 0 ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<int> AddBatchServersSpecificCustom(
+        Config config,
+        string strData,
+        string subid,
+        bool isSub,
+        SubItem subItem)
+    {
+        var subRemarks = subItem.Remarks;
+        var customCoreType = subItem.CustomCoreType!.Value;
+
+        var lstProfiles = customCoreType switch
        {
-            return 1;
+            ECoreType.Xray => V2rayFmt.ResolveToCustom(strData, subRemarks),
+            ECoreType.sing_box => SingboxFmt.ResolveToCustom(strData, subRemarks),
+            _ => null,
+        };
+
+        if (lstProfiles?.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var count = await AddBatchCustomServers(config, lstProfiles, subid, isSub);
+            if (count > 0)
+            {
+                return count;
+            }
        }
-        else
+
+        return await SaveCustomRawFileServer(config, strData, subid, isSub, subItem, customCoreType);
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<int> AddBatchCustomServers(
+        Config config,
+        List<ProfileItem> lstProfiles,
+        string subid,
+        bool isSub)
+    {
+        var count = 0;
+        foreach (var it in lstProfiles)
        {
-            return -1;
+            it.Subid = subid;
+            it.IsSub = isSub;
+
+            if (it.ConfigType == EConfigType.Custom)
+            {
+                if (await AddCustomServer(config, it, true) == 0)
+                {
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (await AddCustomOutboundServer(config, it, true) == 0)
+                {
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<int> SaveCustomRawFileServer(
+        Config config,
+        string strData,
+        string subid,
+        bool isSub,
+        SubItem subItem,
+        ECoreType customCoreType)
+    {
+        var ext = DetectFileExtension(strData);
+        var fileName = Utils.GetTempPath($"{Utils.GetGuid(false)}{ext}");
+        await File.WriteAllTextAsync(fileName, strData);
+
+        var profileItem = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            CoreType = customCoreType,
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Custom,
+            Address = fileName,
+            Remarks = subItem.Remarks ?? customCoreType.ToString(),
+            Subid = subid,
+            IsSub = isSub,
+            PreSocksPort = subItem.PreSocksPort,
+        };
+
+        return await AddCustomServer(config, profileItem, true) == 0 ? 1 : -1;
+
+        static string DetectFileExtension(string data)
+        {
+            var trimmed = data.AsSpan().TrimStart();
+            if (trimmed.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return string.Empty;
+            }
+
+            if (trimmed[0] is '{' or '[')
+            {
+                return ".json";
+            }
+
+            if (trimmed.StartsWith("---"))
+            {
+                return ".yaml";
+            }
+
+            foreach (var line in trimmed.EnumerateLines())
+            {
+                var lineTrimmed = line.TrimStart();
+                if (lineTrimmed.IsEmpty || lineTrimmed.StartsWith("#"))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var colonIndex = lineTrimmed.IndexOf(':');
+                if (colonIndex > 0)
+                {
+                    var keySpan = lineTrimmed[..colonIndex];
+                    if (!keySpan.Contains(' ') && !keySpan.Contains('\t'))
+                    {
+                        if (colonIndex == lineTrimmed.Length - 1 || lineTrimmed[colonIndex + 1] is ' ' or '\t' or '\r' or '\n')
+                        {
+                            return ".yaml";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return string.Empty;
        }
    }

@@ -1777,6 +2008,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
                    EConfigType.Anytls => await AddAnytlsServer(config, profileItem, false),
                    EConfigType.Naive => await AddNaiveServer(config, profileItem, false),
                    EConfigType.PolicyGroup or EConfigType.ProxyChain => await AddServerCommon(config, profileItem, false),
+                    EConfigType.Outbound => await AddCustomOutboundServer(config, profileItem, true, false),
                    _ => -1,
                };
                if (addStatus == 0)
@@ -1978,6 +2210,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            item.NextProfile = subItem.NextProfile;
            item.PreSocksPort = subItem.PreSocksPort;
            item.Memo = subItem.Memo;
+            item.CustomCoreType = subItem.CustomCoreType;
        }

        if (item.Id.IsNullOrEmpty())
@@ -2018,7 +2251,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
        {
            return -1;
        }
-        var customProfile = await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>().Where(t => t.Subid == subid && t.ConfigType == EConfigType.Custom).ToListAsync();
+        var customProfile = await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>().Where(t => t.Subid == subid && (t.ConfigType == EConfigType.Custom || t.ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound)).ToListAsync();
        if (isSub)
        {
            await SQLiteHelper.Instance.ExecuteAsync($"delete from ProfileItem where isSub = 1 and subid = '{subid}'");
@@ -2378,7 +2611,7 @@ public static class ConfigHandler
            items = await AppManager.Instance.RoutingItems();
        }

-        if (!blImportAdvancedRules && items.Count(u => u.Remarks.StartsWith(ver)) > 0)
+        if (!blImportAdvancedRules && items.Count() > 0) // items.Count(u => u.Remarks.StartsWith(ver)) > 0)
        {
            //migrate
            //TODO Temporary code to be removed later
@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ public static class ConnectionHandler
    private static readonly string _tag = "ConnectionHandler";

    /// <summary>
-    /// Runs ping and IP checks and returns a formatted result string.
+    /// Runs ping and IP checks.
    /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<string> RunAvailabilityCheck()
+    public static async Task<AvailabilityCheckResult> RunAvailabilityCheck()
    {
        var time = await GetRealPingTimeInfo();
        var ip = time > 0 ? await GetIPInfo() : Global.None;

-        return string.Format(ResUI.TestMeOutput, time, ip);
+        return new AvailabilityCheckResult(time, ip);
    }

    /// <summary>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public static class ConnectionHandler

            for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++)
            {
-                responseTime = await GetRealPingTime(webProxy, 10);
+                responseTime = await GetRealPingTime(webProxy);
                if (responseTime > 0)
                {
                    break;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public static class ConnectionHandler
    /// <summary>
    /// Measures response time by sending HTTP requests through proxy.
    /// </summary>
-    public static async Task<int> GetRealPingTime(IWebProxy? webProxy, int downloadTimeout)
+    public static async Task<int> GetRealPingTime(IWebProxy? webProxy, int downloadTimeout = 9)
    {
        var url = AppManager.Instance.Config.SpeedTestItem.SpeedPingTestUrl;
        var responseTime = -1;
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ public static class ConnectionHandler
            using var client = new HttpClient(new SocketsHttpHandler()
            {
                Proxy = webProxy,
-                UseProxy = webProxy != null
+                UseProxy = webProxy != null,
+                ConnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)
            });

            List<int> oneTime = [];
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public static class CoreConfigHandler
        {
            result = node.CoreType switch
            {
-                ECoreType.mihomo => await new CoreConfigClashService(config).GenerateClientCustomConfig(node, fileName),
+                ECoreType.mihomo => await new CoreConfigClashService(config, context.IsTunEnabled).GenerateClientCustomConfig(node, fileName),
                _ => await GenerateClientCustomConfig(node, fileName)
            };
        }
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ public class AnytlsFmt : BaseFmt
        var query = Utils.ParseQueryString(parsedUrl.Query);
        ResolveUriQuery(query, ref item);

+        if (GetQueryValue(query, "insecure") == "1")
+        {
+            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
+        }
+
        return item;
    }

@@ -41,6 +46,10 @@ public class AnytlsFmt : BaseFmt
        }
        var pw = item.Password;
        var dicQuery = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        if (item.GetAllowInsecure())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("insecure", "1");
+        }
        ToUriQuery(item, Global.None, ref dicQuery);

        return ToUri(EConfigType.Anytls, item.Address, item.Port, pw, dicQuery, remark);
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-using System.Collections.Specialized;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;

 public class BaseFmt
 {
-    private static readonly string[] _allowInsecureArray = new[] { "insecure", "allowInsecure", "allow_insecure" };
-
    private static string UrlEncodeSafe(string? value) => Utils.UrlEncode(value ?? string.Empty);

    protected static string GetIpv6(string address)
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ public class BaseFmt
            {
                dicQuery.Add("alpn", Utils.UrlEncode(item.Alpn));
            }
-            ToUriQueryAllowInsecure(item, ref dicQuery);
        }
        if (item.EchConfigList.IsNotEmpty())
        {
@@ -196,25 +191,6 @@ public class BaseFmt
            dicQuery.Add("alpn", Utils.UrlEncode(item.Alpn));
        }

-        ToUriQueryAllowInsecure(item, ref dicQuery);
-
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    private static int ToUriQueryAllowInsecure(ProfileItem item, ref Dictionary<string, string> dicQuery)
-    {
-        if (item.GetAllowInsecure())
-        {
-            // Add two for compatibility
-            dicQuery.Add("insecure", "1");
-            dicQuery.Add("allowInsecure", "1");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            dicQuery.Add("insecure", "0");
-            dicQuery.Add("allowInsecure", "0");
-        }
-
        return 0;
    }

@@ -252,19 +228,6 @@ public class BaseFmt
            item.Finalmask = string.Empty;
        }

-        if (_allowInsecureArray.Any(k => GetQueryDecoded(query, k) == "1"))
-        {
-            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
-        }
-        else if (_allowInsecureArray.Any(k => GetQueryDecoded(query, k) == "0"))
-        {
-            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringFalse;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            item.AllowInsecure = string.Empty;
-        }
-
        var net = GetQueryValue(query, "type", nameof(ETransport.raw));
        if (net == Global.RawNetworkAlias)
        {
@@ -379,8 +342,13 @@ public class BaseFmt
        return query[key] ?? defaultValue;
    }

+    /// <summary>
+    /// Values are already unescaped by <see cref="Utils.ParseQueryString" />, so this must not
+    /// unescape them a second time: a value that still holds a valid percent sequence after the
+    /// first pass - an obfuscation password of "ob%41fs", say - would decay into "obAfs".
+    /// </summary>
    protected static string GetQueryDecoded(NameValueCollection query, string key, string defaultValue = "")
    {
-        return Utils.UrlDecode(GetQueryValue(query, key, defaultValue));
+        return GetQueryValue(query, key, defaultValue);
    }
 }
@@ -72,6 +72,11 @@ public class FmtHandler
            {
                return Hysteria2Fmt.Resolve(str, out msg);
            }
+            else if (str.StartsWith(Global.Hysteria2RealmProtocolShare)
+                || str.StartsWith(Global.Hysteria2HttpRealmProtocolShare))
+            {
+                return Hysteria2Fmt.ResolveRealm(str, out msg);
+            }
            else if (str.StartsWith(Global.ProtocolShares[EConfigType.TUIC]))
            {
                return TuicFmt.Resolve(str, out msg);
@@ -17,21 +17,17 @@ public class Hysteria2Fmt : BaseFmt
        }

        item.Address = url.IdnHost;
-        item.Port = url.Port;
+        // The URI scheme makes the port optional and defaults it to 443. Uri.Port answers -1 for
+        // an unregistered scheme carrying no port, which ProfileItem.IsValid then rejects.
+        // Only -1 means "omitted": an explicit ":0" has to stay 0 and be rejected the way it
+        // always was, instead of being quietly redirected to a server the link never named.
+        item.Port = url.Port == -1 ? 443 : url.Port;
        item.Remarks = url.GetComponents(UriComponents.Fragment, UriFormat.Unescaped);
        item.Password = Utils.UrlDecode(url.UserInfo);

        var query = Utils.ParseQueryString(url.Query);
        ResolveUriQuery(query, ref item);
-        if (item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
-        {
-            item.CertSha = GetQueryDecoded(query, "pinSHA256");
-        }
-        item.SetProtocolExtra(item.GetProtocolExtra() with
-        {
-            Ports = GetQueryDecoded(query, "mport"),
-            SalamanderPass = GetQueryDecoded(query, "obfs-password"),
-        });
+        ResolveHy2UriQuery(query, ref item);

        return item;
    }
@@ -42,8 +38,11 @@ public class Hysteria2Fmt : BaseFmt
        {
            return null;
        }
-
-        var url = string.Empty;
+        var protocolExtraItem = item.GetProtocolExtra();
+        if (!protocolExtraItem.Hy2RealmUrl.TrimEx().IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return ToUriForRealm(item);
+        }

        var remark = string.Empty;
        if (item.Remarks.IsNotEmpty())
@@ -52,27 +51,7 @@ public class Hysteria2Fmt : BaseFmt
        }
        var dicQuery = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        ToUriQueryLite(item, ref dicQuery);
-        var protocolExtraItem = item.GetProtocolExtra();
-
-        if (!protocolExtraItem.SalamanderPass.IsNullOrEmpty())
-        {
-            dicQuery.Add("obfs", "salamander");
-            dicQuery.Add("obfs-password", Utils.UrlEncode(protocolExtraItem.SalamanderPass));
-        }
-        if (!protocolExtraItem.Ports.IsNullOrEmpty())
-        {
-            dicQuery.Add("mport", Utils.UrlEncode(protocolExtraItem.Ports.Replace(':', '-')));
-        }
-        if (!item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
-        {
-            var sha = item.CertSha;
-            var idx = sha.IndexOf(',');
-            if (idx > 0)
-            {
-                sha = sha[..idx];
-            }
-            dicQuery.Add("pinSHA256", Utils.UrlEncode(sha));
-        }
+        ToHy2UriQuery(item, ref dicQuery);

        return ToUri(EConfigType.Hysteria2, item.Address, item.Port, item.Password, dicQuery, remark);
    }
@@ -94,4 +73,185 @@ public class Hysteria2Fmt : BaseFmt

        return null;
    }
+
+    public static ProfileItem? ResolveRealm(string str, out string msg)
+    {
+        msg = ResUI.ConfigurationFormatIncorrect;
+        ProfileItem item = new()
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Hysteria2
+        };
+        var realmStr = str["hysteria2+".Length..];
+        var result = HyRealm.TryParse(realmStr, out var realm);
+        if (!result || realm == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var url = Utils.TryUri(str);
+        if (url == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        item.Address = realm.RendezvousHost;
+        item.Port = realm.RendezvousPort;
+        item.Remarks = url.GetComponents(UriComponents.Fragment, UriFormat.Unescaped);
+
+        var query = Utils.ParseQueryString(url.Query);
+        ResolveUriQuery(query, ref item);
+        var authPassword = GetQueryDecoded(query, "auth");
+        if (authPassword.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        item.Password = authPassword;
+        ResolveHy2UriQuery(query, ref item);
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(item.GetProtocolExtra() with
+        {
+            Hy2RealmUrl = realm.ToUri(),
+        });
+
+        msg = string.Empty;
+        return item;
+    }
+
+    public static string? ToUriForRealm(ProfileItem? item)
+    {
+        if (item == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        var protocolExtraItem = item.GetProtocolExtra();
+        var result = HyRealm.TryParse(protocolExtraItem.Hy2RealmUrl, out var realm);
+        if (!result || realm == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var remark = string.Empty;
+        if (item.Remarks.IsNotEmpty())
+        {
+            remark = "#" + Utils.UrlEncode(item.Remarks);
+        }
+        var dicQuery = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        ToUriQueryLite(item, ref dicQuery);
+        ToHy2UriQuery(item, ref dicQuery);
+
+        dicQuery.Add("auth", Utils.UrlEncode(item.Password));
+
+        var queryBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        queryBuilder.Append('?');
+        foreach (var kv in dicQuery)
+        {
+            queryBuilder.Append(kv.Key);
+            queryBuilder.Append('=');
+            queryBuilder.Append(kv.Value);
+            queryBuilder.Append('&');
+        }
+        foreach (var stun in realm.StunList)
+        {
+            queryBuilder.Append("stun=");
+            queryBuilder.Append(Utils.UrlEncode(stun));
+            queryBuilder.Append('&');
+        }
+        var query = queryBuilder.ToString().TrimEnd('&');
+
+        var url = $"{Utils.UrlEncode(realm.Token)}@{GetIpv6(realm.RendezvousHost)}:{realm.RendezvousPort}";
+        var scheme = realm.IsHttp ? Global.Hysteria2HttpRealmProtocolShare : Global.Hysteria2RealmProtocolShare;
+        return $"{scheme}{url}/{realm.RealmName}{query}{remark}";
+    }
+
+    private static void ResolveHy2UriQuery(NameValueCollection query, ref ProfileItem item)
+    {
+        if (GetQueryValue(query, "insecure") == "1")
+        {
+            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
+        }
+        if (item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            var pinSHA256 = GetQueryDecoded(query, "pinSHA256");
+            item.CertSha = pinSHA256;
+            if (!pinSHA256.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                // NOTE:
+                // To accommodate Xray changes,
+                // some providers issue self-signed cert links with `insecure = false` and a certificate fingerprint,
+                // breaking interoperability between Xray, official Hysteria 2 client, and sing-box.
+                // Since this won't compromise the overall security model,
+                // `insecure = true` is automatically set when a fingerprint is detected,
+                // and the value is restored when generating configurations.
+                item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
+            }
+        }
+        item.EchConfigList = GetQueryDecoded(query, "ech");
+        item.SetProtocolExtra(item.GetProtocolExtra() with
+        {
+            Ports = GetQueryDecoded(query, "mport"),
+            SalamanderPass = GetQueryDecoded(query, "obfs-password"),
+            // NOTE: The "PacketSize" parameter is not defined by the official URI Scheme, may remove or rename it in the future.
+            GeckoMinPacketSize = GetQueryDecoded(query, "minPacketSize"),
+            GeckoMaxPacketSize = GetQueryDecoded(query, "maxPacketSize"),
+        });
+        if (GetQueryDecoded(query, "obfs") == "gecko")
+        {
+            // Ensure the "PacketSize" parameters are present for gecko obfs.
+            var protocolExtraItem = item.GetProtocolExtra();
+            if (protocolExtraItem.GeckoMinPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                protocolExtraItem = protocolExtraItem with
+                {
+                    GeckoMinPacketSize = "512",
+                };
+            }
+            if (protocolExtraItem.GeckoMaxPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                protocolExtraItem = protocolExtraItem with
+                {
+                    GeckoMaxPacketSize = "1200",
+                };
+            }
+            item.SetProtocolExtra(protocolExtraItem);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void ToHy2UriQuery(ProfileItem item, ref Dictionary<string, string> dicQuery)
+    {
+        if (item.GetAllowInsecure())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("insecure", "1");
+        }
+        if (!item.CertSha.IsNullOrEmpty()
+            && !item.CertSha.Contains(','))
+        {
+            var sha = item.CertSha;
+            dicQuery.Add("pinSHA256", Utils.UrlEncode(sha));
+        }
+        else if (!item.Cert.IsNullOrEmpty()
+            && CertPemManager.GetLeafCertSha256Thumbprint(item.Cert) is { Length: > 0 } thumbprint)
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("pinSHA256", Utils.UrlEncode(thumbprint));
+        }
+        if (!item.EchConfigList.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("ech", Utils.UrlEncode(item.EchConfigList));
+        }
+        var protocolExtraItem = item.GetProtocolExtra();
+        var isGecko = !protocolExtraItem.GeckoMinPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty() || !protocolExtraItem.GeckoMaxPacketSize.IsNullOrEmpty();
+        if (!protocolExtraItem.SalamanderPass.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("obfs", isGecko ? "gecko" : "salamander");
+            dicQuery.Add("obfs-password", Utils.UrlEncode(protocolExtraItem.SalamanderPass));
+            if (isGecko)
+            {
+                // NOTE: The "PacketSize" parameter is not defined by the official URI Scheme, may remove or rename it in the future.
+                dicQuery.Add("minPacketSize", protocolExtraItem.GeckoMinPacketSize);
+                dicQuery.Add("maxPacketSize", protocolExtraItem.GeckoMaxPacketSize);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!protocolExtraItem.Ports.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("mport", Utils.UrlEncode(protocolExtraItem.Ports.Replace(':', '-')));
+        }
+    }
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;

-public class InnerFmt
+public class InnerFmt : BaseFmt
 {
    private static readonly Lazy<string> SessionSalt = new(() => Utils.GetGuid(false));

@@ -50,19 +50,19 @@ public class InnerFmt
            var protocolExtra = item.GetProtocolExtra();
            // Only allow "self" as a special value for SubChildItems to avoid possible sources of attacks,
            // which means it will be replaced with the subid, otherwise set it to null
-            //if (!protocolExtra.SubChildItems.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            // if (!protocolExtra.SubChildItems.IsNullOrEmpty())
            if (protocolExtra.SubChildItems == "self")
            {
                protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                {
-                    SubChildItems = subid
+                    SubChildItems = subid,
                };
            }
            else
            {
                protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                {
-                    SubChildItems = null
+                    SubChildItems = null,
                };
            }
            if (Utils.String2List(protocolExtra.ChildItems) is { Count: > 0 } childIndexIds)
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ public class InnerFmt
                    .ToList();
                protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                {
-                    ChildItems = Utils.List2String(newChildIndexIds)
+                    ChildItems = Utils.List2String(newChildIndexIds),
                };
            }
            else
            {
                protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                {
-                    ChildItems = null
+                    ChildItems = null,
                };
            }
            item.SetProtocolExtra(protocolExtra);
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public class InnerFmt
                {
                    protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                    {
-                        SubChildItems = "self"
+                        SubChildItems = "self",
                    };
                }
                if (Utils.String2List(protocolExtra.ChildItems) is { Count: > 0 } childIndexIds)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public class InnerFmt
                        .ToList();
                    protocolExtra = protocolExtra with
                    {
-                        ChildItems = Utils.List2String(newChildIndexIds)
+                        ChildItems = Utils.List2String(newChildIndexIds),
                    };
                }
                itemClone.SetProtocolExtra(protocolExtra);
@@ -175,6 +175,19 @@ public class InnerFmt
            jsonObj["TransportExtra"] = JsonUtils.Serialize(transportExtraObj, false);
            jsonObj.Remove("TransportExtraObj");
        }
+        var customOutboundFilePath = string.Empty;
+        if (jsonObj.TryGetPropertyValue("CustomOutboundObj", out var customOutboundNode)
+            && customOutboundNode is JsonObject customOutboundObj)
+        {
+            var customOutboundContent = JsonUtils.Serialize(customOutboundObj, new JsonSerializerOptions
+            {
+                WriteIndented = true,
+                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.Never,
+                Encoder = JavaScriptEncoder.UnsafeRelaxedJsonEscaping
+            });
+            customOutboundFilePath = WriteAllText(customOutboundContent);
+            jsonObj.Remove("CustomOutboundObj");
+        }
        var profileItem = JsonUtils.Deserialize<ProfileItem>(JsonUtils.Serialize(jsonObj, false));
        if (profileItem is null)
        {
@@ -193,6 +206,14 @@ public class InnerFmt
        {
            return null;
        }
+        if (profileItem.ConfigType is EConfigType.Outbound)
+        {
+            if (customOutboundFilePath.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            profileItem.Address = customOutboundFilePath;
+        }
        var protocolExtra = profileItem.GetProtocolExtra();
        var multipleLoad = protocolExtra.MultipleLoad;
        if (multipleLoad is not null && !Enum.IsDefined(typeof(EMultipleLoad), multipleLoad))
@@ -209,6 +230,26 @@ public class InnerFmt
        {
            return null;
        }
+        if (item.ConfigType is EConfigType.Outbound)
+        {
+            var customOutboundFilePath = item.Address;
+            if (!File.Exists(customOutboundFilePath))
+            {
+                customOutboundFilePath = Utils.GetConfigPath(customOutboundFilePath);
+            }
+            if (!File.Exists(customOutboundFilePath))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!customOutboundFilePath.IsNullOrEmpty()
+                && File.Exists(customOutboundFilePath)
+                && File.ReadAllText(customOutboundFilePath) is { Length: > 0 } customOutboundContent
+                && JsonUtils.ParseJson(customOutboundContent) is JsonObject customOutboundObj)
+            {
+                jsonObj["CustomOutboundObj"] = customOutboundObj;
+                jsonObj.Remove("Address");
+            }
+        }
        // unflatten
        // move jsonObj.ProtoExtra (string) to jsonObj.ProtoExtraObj
        // move jsonObj.TransportExtra (string) to jsonObj.TransportExtraObj
@@ -296,7 +337,7 @@ public class InnerFmt
            JsonValue value when value.TryGetValue<string>(out var str) => string.IsNullOrEmpty(str),
            JsonObject obj => obj.Count == 0,
            JsonArray arr => arr.Count == 0,
-            _ => false
+            _ => false,
        };
    }
 }
@@ -2,19 +2,103 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;

 public class SingboxFmt : BaseFmt
 {
-    public static List<ProfileItem>? ResolveFullArray(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    public static List<ProfileItem> ResolveToCustom(string strData, string? subRemarks)
    {
-        var configObjects = JsonUtils.Deserialize<object[]>(strData);
-        if (configObjects is not { Length: > 0 })
+        var jsonNode = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
+        return ResolveCommon(jsonNode, subRemarks, false);
+    }
+
+    public static List<ProfileItem> ResolveToCustomOutbound(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        var jsonNode = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
+        return ResolveCommon(jsonNode, subRemarks, true);
+    }
+
+    private static List<ProfileItem> ResolveCommon(JsonNode? jsonNode, string? subRemarks, bool isOutbound)
+    {
+        if (jsonNode is JsonArray jsonArray)
+        {
+            return
+            [
+                .. jsonArray.Select(item => ResolveCommon(item, subRemarks, isOutbound))
+                    .Where(list => list is { Count: > 0 })
+                    .SelectMany(list => list),
+            ];
+        }
+        if (jsonNode is not JsonObject jsonObject)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+        // Process the individual JSON object
+        var profileList = new List<ProfileItem>();
+        if (!isOutbound)
+        {
+            var fullProfile = ResolveFull(jsonObject, subRemarks);
+            if (fullProfile is not null)
+            {
+                profileList.Add(fullProfile);
+                return profileList;
+            }
+        }
+        profileList.AddRange(ResolveFullToOutbound(jsonObject, subRemarks));
+        if (profileList.Count != 0)
+        {
+            return profileList;
+        }
+        var outboundProfile = ResolveOutbound(jsonObject, subRemarks);
+        if (outboundProfile is not null)
+        {
+            profileList.Add(outboundProfile);
+        }
+        return profileList;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem? ResolveFull(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        if (jsonObject?["inbounds"] == null
+            || jsonObject["outbounds"] == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

-        List<ProfileItem> lstResult = [];
-        foreach (var configObject in configObjects)
+        if (jsonObject["outbounds"] is JsonArray outboundsArray)
        {
-            var objectString = JsonUtils.Serialize(configObject);
-            var profileIt = ResolveFull(objectString, subRemarks);
+            if (!outboundsArray.Any(IsValidSingboxOutbound))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = WriteAllText(JsonUtils.Serialize(jsonObject));
+        var profileItem = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Custom,
+            CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box,
+            Address = fileName,
+            Remarks = subRemarks ?? "singbox_custom",
+        };
+
+        return profileItem;
+    }
+
+    private static List<ProfileItem> ResolveFullToOutbound(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        if (jsonObject?["outbounds"] is not JsonArray outboundsArray)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+        List<ProfileItem> lstResult = [];
+        foreach (var outbound in outboundsArray)
+        {
+            if (outbound is not JsonObject outboundObj)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            var profileIt = ResolveOutbound(outboundObj, subRemarks);
            if (profileIt != null)
            {
                lstResult.Add(profileIt);
@@ -23,25 +107,58 @@ public class SingboxFmt : BaseFmt
        return lstResult;
    }

-    public static ProfileItem? ResolveFull(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    private static ProfileItem? ResolveOutbound(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
    {
-        var config = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
-        if (config?["inbounds"] == null
-            || config["outbounds"] == null
-            || config["route"] == null
-            || config["dns"] == null)
+        if (!IsValidSingboxOutbound(jsonObject))
        {
            return null;
        }
-
-        var fileName = WriteAllText(strData);
+        var type = jsonObject["type"]?.ToString();
+        if (type is null or "direct" or "block" or "dns" or "selector" or "urltest")
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        var tag = jsonObject["tag"]?.ToString();
+        var remarks = $"{type}_{tag}";
+        var fileName = WriteAllText(JsonUtils.Serialize(jsonObject));
        var profileItem = new ProfileItem
        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Outbound,
            CoreType = ECoreType.sing_box,
            Address = fileName,
-            Remarks = subRemarks ?? "singbox_custom"
+            Remarks = remarks,
        };
-
        return profileItem;
    }
+
+    private static bool IsValidSingboxOutbound(JsonNode? jsonNode)
+    {
+        if (jsonNode is not JsonObject jsonObject)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        var matchedCounter = 0;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["type"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        matchedCounter += 1;
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["tag"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["server"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["server_port"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["tls"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        return matchedCounter >= 2;
+    }
 }
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;

 public class TrojanFmt : BaseFmt
 {
+    private static readonly List<string> _insecureQueryKeys = new() { "allowInsecure", "insecure" };
+
    public static ProfileItem? Resolve(string str, out string msg)
    {
        msg = ResUI.ConfigurationFormatIncorrect;
@@ -23,6 +25,10 @@ public class TrojanFmt : BaseFmt
        item.Password = Utils.UrlDecode(url.UserInfo);

        var query = Utils.ParseQueryString(url.Query);
+        if (_insecureQueryKeys.Any(q => GetQueryValue(query, q) == "1"))
+        {
+            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
+        }
        item.SetProtocolExtra(item.GetProtocolExtra() with { Flow = GetQueryValue(query, "flow") });
        ResolveUriQuery(query, ref item);

@@ -41,6 +47,10 @@ public class TrojanFmt : BaseFmt
            remark = "#" + Utils.UrlEncode(item.Remarks);
        }
        var dicQuery = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        if (item.GetAllowInsecure())
+        {
+            _insecureQueryKeys.ForEach(q => dicQuery.Add(q, "1"));
+        }
        if (!item.GetProtocolExtra().Flow.IsNullOrEmpty())
        {
            dicQuery.Add("flow", item.GetProtocolExtra().Flow);
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ public class TuicFmt : BaseFmt

        var query = Utils.ParseQueryString(url.Query);
        ResolveUriQuery(query, ref item);
+        if (GetQueryValue(query, "allow_insecure") == "1")
+        {
+            item.AllowInsecure = Global.StringTrue;
+        }
        item.SetProtocolExtra(item.GetProtocolExtra() with
        {
            CongestionControl = GetQueryValue(query, "congestion_control")
@@ -53,7 +57,10 @@ public class TuicFmt : BaseFmt

        var dicQuery = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        ToUriQueryLite(item, ref dicQuery);
-
+        if (item.GetAllowInsecure())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("allow_insecure", "1");
+        }
        if (!item.GetProtocolExtra().CongestionControl.IsNullOrEmpty())
        {
            dicQuery.Add("congestion_control", item.GetProtocolExtra().CongestionControl);
@@ -2,47 +2,166 @@ namespace ServiceLib.Handler.Fmt;

 public class V2rayFmt : BaseFmt
 {
-    public static List<ProfileItem>? ResolveFullArray(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    public static List<ProfileItem> ResolveToCustom(string strData, string? subRemarks)
    {
-        var configObjects = JsonUtils.Deserialize<object[]>(strData);
-        if (configObjects is not { Length: > 0 })
+        var jsonNode = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
+        return ResolveCommon(jsonNode, subRemarks, false);
+    }
+
+    public static List<ProfileItem> ResolveToCustomOutbound(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        var jsonNode = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
+        return ResolveCommon(jsonNode, subRemarks, true);
+    }
+
+    private static List<ProfileItem> ResolveCommon(JsonNode? jsonNode, string? subRemarks, bool isOutbound)
+    {
+        if (jsonNode is JsonArray jsonArray)
+        {
+            return
+            [
+                .. jsonArray.Select(item => ResolveCommon(item, subRemarks, isOutbound))
+                    .Where(list => list is { Count: > 0 })
+                    .SelectMany(list => list),
+            ];
+        }
+        if (jsonNode is not JsonObject jsonObject)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+        // Process the individual JSON object
+        var profileList = new List<ProfileItem>();
+        if (!isOutbound)
+        {
+            var fullProfile = ResolveFull(jsonObject, subRemarks);
+            if (fullProfile is not null)
+            {
+                profileList.Add(fullProfile);
+                return profileList;
+            }
+        }
+        profileList.AddRange(ResolveFullToOutbound(jsonObject, subRemarks));
+        if (profileList.Count != 0)
+        {
+            return profileList;
+        }
+        var outboundProfile = ResolveOutbound(jsonObject, subRemarks);
+        if (outboundProfile is not null)
+        {
+            profileList.Add(outboundProfile);
+        }
+        return profileList;
+    }
+
+    private static ProfileItem? ResolveFull(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        if (jsonObject?["inbounds"] == null
+            || jsonObject["outbounds"] == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

-        List<ProfileItem> lstResult = [];
-        foreach (var configObject in configObjects)
+        if (jsonObject["outbounds"] is JsonArray outboundsArray)
        {
-            var objectString = JsonUtils.Serialize(configObject);
-            var profileIt = ResolveFull(objectString, subRemarks);
+            if (!outboundsArray.Any(IsValidV2rayOutbound))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        var fileName = WriteAllText(JsonUtils.Serialize(jsonObject));
+
+        var profileItem = new ProfileItem
+        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Custom,
+            CoreType = ECoreType.Xray,
+            Address = fileName,
+            Remarks = jsonObject["remarks"]?.ToString() ?? subRemarks ?? "v2ray_custom",
+        };
+
+        return profileItem;
+    }
+
+    public static List<ProfileItem> ResolveFullToOutbound(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
+    {
+        if (jsonObject["outbounds"] is not JsonArray outboundsArray)
+        {
+            return [];
+        }
+        List<ProfileItem> lstResult = [];
+        foreach (var outbound in outboundsArray)
+        {
+            if (outbound is not JsonObject outboundObj)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            var profileIt = ResolveOutbound(outboundObj, subRemarks);
            if (profileIt != null)
            {
                lstResult.Add(profileIt);
            }
        }
-
        return lstResult;
    }

-    public static ProfileItem? ResolveFull(string strData, string? subRemarks)
+    public static ProfileItem? ResolveOutbound(JsonObject jsonObject, string? subRemarks)
    {
-        var config = JsonUtils.ParseJson(strData);
-        if (config?["inbounds"] == null
-            || config["outbounds"] == null
-            || config["routing"] == null)
+        if (!IsValidV2rayOutbound(jsonObject))
        {
            return null;
        }
-
-        var fileName = WriteAllText(strData);
-
+        var protocol = jsonObject["protocol"]?.ToString();
+        if (protocol is null or "freedom" or "blackhole" or "dns" or "loopback")
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        var tag = jsonObject["tag"]?.ToString();
+        var remarks = $"{protocol}_{tag}";
+        var fileName = WriteAllText(JsonUtils.Serialize(jsonObject));
        var profileItem = new ProfileItem
        {
+            ConfigType = EConfigType.Outbound,
            CoreType = ECoreType.Xray,
            Address = fileName,
-            Remarks = config?["remarks"]?.ToString() ?? subRemarks ?? "v2ray_custom"
+            Remarks = remarks,
        };
-
        return profileItem;
    }
+
+    private static bool IsValidV2rayOutbound(JsonNode? jsonNode)
+    {
+        if (jsonNode is not JsonObject jsonObject)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        var matchedCounter = 0;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["protocol"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        matchedCounter += 1;
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["settings"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["streamSettings"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["tag"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonObject["mux"]?.ToString()))
+        {
+            matchedCounter += 1;
+        }
+
+        return matchedCounter >= 3;
+    }
 }
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ public class WireguardFmt : BaseFmt
            WgReserved = GetQueryDecoded(query, "reserved"),
            WgInterfaceAddress = GetQueryDecoded(query, "address"),
            WgMtu = int.TryParse(GetQueryDecoded(query, "mtu"), out var mtuVal) ? mtuVal : null,
+            WgDns = GetQueryDecoded(query, "dns"),
        });

        return item;
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ public class WireguardFmt : BaseFmt
        {
            dicQuery.Add("mtu", protoExtra.WgMtu.ToString());
        }
+        if (!protoExtra.WgDns.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            dicQuery.Add("dns", Utils.UrlEncode(protoExtra.WgDns));
+        }
        return ToUri(EConfigType.WireGuard, item.Address, item.Port, item.Password, dicQuery, remark);
    }

@@ -133,6 +138,7 @@ public class WireguardFmt : BaseFmt

        var wgMtu = interfaceDic.TryGetValue("MTU", out var mtuStr) && int.TryParse(mtuStr, out var mtuVal) ? mtuVal : 0;
        var wgInterfaceAddress = interfaceDic.TryGetValue("Address", out var interfaceAddress) ? interfaceAddress : string.Empty;
+        var wgDns = interfaceDic.TryGetValue("DNS", out var dns) ? dns : string.Empty;

        var index = 0;
        var resultList = new List<ProfileItem>();
@@ -156,6 +162,7 @@ public class WireguardFmt : BaseFmt
                WgInterfaceAddress = wgInterfaceAddress,
                WgReserved = (peerDic.TryGetValue("Reserved", out var reserved) ? reserved : string.Empty).NullIfEmpty(),
                WgMtu = wgMtu > 0 ? wgMtu : null,
+                WgDns = wgDns,
            };

            var item = new ProfileItem
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public static class SubscriptionHandler

    private static DownloadService CreateDownloadHandler(string hashCode, Func<bool, string, Task> updateFunc)
    {
-        var downloadHandle = new DownloadService();
+        var downloadHandle = new DownloadService { AcceptHeader = "*/*" };
        downloadHandle.Error += (sender2, args) =>
        {
            updateFunc?.Invoke(false, $"{hashCode}{args.GetException().Message}");
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ public static class SysProxyHandler
        try
        {
            var port = AppManager.Instance.GetLocalPort(EInboundProtocol.socks);
-            var exceptions = config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyExceptions.Replace(" ", "");
            if (port <= 0)
            {
                return false;
@@ -24,17 +23,18 @@ public static class SysProxyHandler
            switch (type)
            {
                case ESysProxyType.ForcedChange when Utils.IsWindows():
-                    {
-                        GetWindowsProxyString(config, port, out var strProxy, out var strExceptions);
-                        ProxySettingWindows.SetProxy(strProxy, strExceptions, 2);
-                        break;
-                    }
+                    var (strProxy, strExceptions) = GetWindowsProxyString(config, port);
+                    ProxySettingWindows.SetProxy(strProxy, strExceptions, 2);
+                    break;
+
                case ESysProxyType.ForcedChange when Utils.IsLinux():
+                    var exceptions = SanitizeExceptions(config);
                    await ProxySettingLinux.SetProxy(Global.Loopback, port, exceptions);
                    break;

                case ESysProxyType.ForcedChange when Utils.IsMacOS():
-                    await ProxySettingOSX.SetProxy(Global.Loopback, port, exceptions);
+                    var exceptions2 = SanitizeExceptions(config);
+                    await ProxySettingOSX.SetProxy(Global.Loopback, port, exceptions2);
                    break;

                case ESysProxyType.ForcedClear when Utils.IsWindows():
@@ -66,15 +66,31 @@ public static class SysProxyHandler
        return true;
    }

-    private static void GetWindowsProxyString(Config config, int port, out string strProxy, out string strExceptions)
+    private static string SanitizeExceptions(Config config)
    {
-        strExceptions = config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyExceptions.Replace(" ", "");
+        var exceptions = config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyExceptions;
+        if (exceptions.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        var items = exceptions
+            .Split(',', StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries | StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+            .Select(item => item.Replace(" ", string.Empty))
+            .Where(item => item.Length > 0);
+
+        return string.Join(',', items);
+    }
+
+    private static (string strProxy, string strExceptions) GetWindowsProxyString(Config config, int port)
+    {
+        var strExceptions = config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyExceptions.Replace(" ", "");
        if (config.SystemProxyItem.NotProxyLocalAddress)
        {
            strExceptions = $"<local>;{strExceptions}";
        }

-        strProxy = string.Empty;
+        var strProxy = string.Empty;
        if (config.SystemProxyItem.SystemProxyAdvancedProtocol.IsNullOrEmpty())
        {
            strProxy = $"{Global.Loopback}:{port}";
@@ -86,6 +102,8 @@ public static class SysProxyHandler
                .Replace("{http_port}", port.ToString())
                .Replace("{socks_port}", port.ToString());
        }
+
+        return (strProxy, strExceptions);
    }

    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Security.Authentication;
 using Downloader;

 namespace ServiceLib.Helper;
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ public class DownloaderHelper
            return null;
        }

+        var connectTimeout = Math.Clamp(timeout / 5, 2, 5);
+
        Uri uri = new(url);
        //Authorization Header
        var headers = new WebHeaderCollection();
@@ -22,17 +25,19 @@ public class DownloaderHelper
            headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.Authorization, "Basic " + Utils.Base64Encode(uri.UserInfo));
        }

+        var requestConfiguration = new RequestConfiguration()
+        {
+            Headers = headers,
+            UserAgent = userAgent,
+            ConnectTimeout = connectTimeout * 1000,
+            Proxy = webProxy
+        };
        var downloadOpt = new DownloadConfiguration()
        {
            BlockTimeout = timeout * 1000,
            MaxTryAgainOnFailure = 2,
-            RequestConfiguration =
-                {
-                    Headers = headers,
-                    UserAgent = userAgent,
-                    ConnectTimeout = timeout * 1000,
-                    Proxy = webProxy
-                }
+            RequestConfiguration = requestConfiguration,
+            CustomHttpMessageHandlerFactory = () => GetSocketsHttpHandler(requestConfiguration),
        };

        await using var downloader = new Downloader.DownloadService(downloadOpt);
@@ -45,10 +50,10 @@ public class DownloaderHelper
        };

        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
-        await using var stream = await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(address: url, cts.Token).WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout), cts.Token);
-        using StreamReader reader = new(stream);
+        cts.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout));

-        downloadOpt = null;
+        await using var stream = await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(address: url, cts.Token);
+        using StreamReader reader = new(stream);

        return await reader.ReadToEndAsync(cts.Token);
    }
@@ -60,15 +65,18 @@ public class DownloaderHelper
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(url));
        }

+        var connectTimeout = Math.Clamp(timeout / 5, 2, 5);
+        var requestConfiguration = new RequestConfiguration()
+        {
+            ConnectTimeout = connectTimeout * 1000,
+            Proxy = webProxy
+        };
        var downloadOpt = new DownloadConfiguration()
        {
            BlockTimeout = timeout * 1000,
            MaxTryAgainOnFailure = 2,
-            RequestConfiguration =
-                {
-                    ConnectTimeout= timeout * 1000,
-                    Proxy = webProxy
-                }
+            RequestConfiguration = requestConfiguration,
+            CustomHttpMessageHandlerFactory = () => GetSocketsHttpHandler(requestConfiguration),
        };

        var lastUpdateTime = DateTime.Now;
@@ -116,70 +124,222 @@ public class DownloaderHelper
        };
        //progress.Report("......");
        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
-        cts.CancelAfter(timeout * 1000);
+        cts.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(timeout));
        await using var stream = await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(address: url, cts.Token);
-
-        downloadOpt = null;
    }

-    public async Task DownloadFileAsync(IWebProxy? webProxy, string url, string fileName, IProgress<double> progress, int timeout)
+    public async Task DownloadFileAsync(IWebProxy? webProxy, FileDownloadRequest request, Action<FileDownloadState> onProgress, TimeSpan connectTimeout, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
    {
-        if (url.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(request);
+        if (request.FilePath.IsNullOrEmpty())
        {
-            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(url));
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(request.FilePath));
        }
-        if (fileName.IsNullOrEmpty())
+        if (File.Exists(request.FilePath))
        {
-            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(fileName));
-        }
-        if (File.Exists(fileName))
-        {
-            File.Delete(fileName);
+            File.Delete(request.FilePath);
        }

-        var downloadOpt = new DownloadConfiguration()
+        var state = new FileDownloadState
        {
-            BlockTimeout = timeout * 1000,
-            MaxTryAgainOnFailure = 2,
-            RequestConfiguration =
-                {
-                    ConnectTimeout= timeout * 1000,
-                    Proxy = webProxy
-                }
+            Request = request,
+        };
+
+        var requestConfiguration = new RequestConfiguration()
+        {
+            ConnectTimeout = (int)connectTimeout.TotalMilliseconds,
+            Proxy = webProxy,
+        };
+        var downloadOpt = new DownloadConfiguration()
+        {
+            ChunkCount = 100,
+            MinimumChunkSize = 8 * 1024 * 1024, // 8 MB
+            MinimumSizeOfChunking = 8 * 1024 * 1024, // 8 MB
+            ParallelDownload = true,
+            ParallelCount = 4,
+
+            RequestConfiguration = requestConfiguration,
+            CustomHttpMessageHandlerFactory = () => GetSocketsHttpHandler(requestConfiguration),
        };

-        var progressPercentage = 0;
-        var hasValue = false;
        await using var downloader = new Downloader.DownloadService(downloadOpt);
-        downloader.DownloadStarted += (sender, value) => progress?.Report(0);
+        downloader.DownloadStarted += (sender, value) =>
+        {
+            state = state with
+            {
+                TotalBytes = value.TotalBytesToReceive,
+            };
+            onProgress.Invoke(state);
+        };
        downloader.DownloadProgressChanged += (sender, value) =>
        {
-            hasValue = true;
-            var percent = (int)value.ProgressPercentage;//   Convert.ToInt32((totalRead * 1d) / (total * 1d) * 100);
-            if (progressPercentage != percent && percent % 10 == 0)
+            state = state with
            {
-                progressPercentage = percent;
-                progress.Report(percent);
-            }
+                DownloadedBytes = value.ReceivedBytesSize,
+                TotalBytes = value.TotalBytesToReceive,
+                SpeedBytesPerSecond = value.BytesPerSecondSpeed,
+            };
+            onProgress.Invoke(state);
        };
        downloader.DownloadFileCompleted += (sender, value) =>
        {
-            if (progress != null)
+            state = state with
            {
-                if (hasValue && value.Error == null)
-                {
-                    progress.Report(101);
-                }
-                else if (value.Error != null)
-                {
-                    throw value.Error;
-                }
-            }
+                Completed = true,
+                Error = value.Error,
+            };
+            onProgress.Invoke(state);
        };

-        using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
-        await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(url, fileName, cts.Token);
+        await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(request.FileUrl, request.FilePath, cancellationToken);
+    }

-        downloadOpt = null;
+    public async Task DownloadSmallFilesAsync(IWebProxy? webProxy, List<FileDownloadRequest> requests, Action<ReadOnlyMemory<FileDownloadState>> onProgress, TimeSpan connectTimeout, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+    {
+        if (requests is not { Count: > 0 })
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(requests));
+        }
+
+        var states = new FileDownloadState[requests.Count];
+        for (var i = 0; i < requests.Count; i++)
+        {
+            states[i] = new FileDownloadState
+            {
+                Request = requests[i],
+            };
+        }
+        var readOnlyStates = new ReadOnlyMemory<FileDownloadState>(states);
+
+        var requestConfiguration = new RequestConfiguration()
+        {
+            ConnectTimeout = (int)connectTimeout.TotalMilliseconds,
+            Proxy = webProxy,
+
+            KeepAlive = true,
+        };
+        using var socketsHttpHandler = GetSocketsHttpHandler(requestConfiguration);
+
+        var parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions
+        {
+            MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 4,
+            //CancellationToken = cancellationToken,
+        };
+
+        await Parallel.ForEachAsync(Enumerable.Range(0, requests.Count), parallelOptions, async (index, parallelCancellationToken) =>
+        {
+            var request = requests[index];
+            var downloadOpt = new DownloadConfiguration()
+            {
+                RequestConfiguration = requestConfiguration,
+                // ReSharper disable once AccessToDisposedClosure
+                CustomHttpMessageHandlerFactory = () => socketsHttpHandler,
+            };
+            await using var downloader = new Downloader.DownloadService(downloadOpt);
+            downloader.DownloadStarted += (sender, value) =>
+            {
+                states[index] = states[index] with
+                {
+                    DownloadedBytes = 0,
+                    TotalBytes = value.TotalBytesToReceive,
+                    SpeedBytesPerSecond = 0,
+                    Completed = false,
+                };
+                onProgress.Invoke(readOnlyStates);
+            };
+            downloader.DownloadProgressChanged += (sender, value) =>
+            {
+                states[index] = states[index] with
+                {
+                    DownloadedBytes = value.ReceivedBytesSize,
+                    TotalBytes = value.TotalBytesToReceive,
+                    SpeedBytesPerSecond = value.BytesPerSecondSpeed,
+                    Completed = false,
+                };
+                onProgress.Invoke(readOnlyStates);
+            };
+            downloader.DownloadFileCompleted += (sender, value) =>
+            {
+                var newState = states[index] with { Completed = true };
+                if (value.Error != null)
+                {
+                    newState = newState with { Error = value.Error };
+                }
+                states[index] = newState;
+                onProgress.Invoke(readOnlyStates);
+            };
+            await downloader.DownloadFileTaskAsync(request.FileUrl, request.FilePath, parallelCancellationToken);
+        });
+    }
+
+    // https://github.com/bezzad/Downloader/blob/a75a6e431acd6cbba6293f7afdcf676544a09174/src/Downloader/SocketClient.cs#L45
+    // There is a risk of MITM attacks
+    // https://github.com/bezzad/Downloader/blob/a75a6e431acd6cbba6293f7afdcf676544a09174/src/Downloader/Extensions/ExceptionHelper.cs#L111
+    private static SocketsHttpHandler GetSocketsHttpHandler(RequestConfiguration config)
+    {
+        SocketsHttpHandler handler = new()
+        {
+            AllowAutoRedirect = config.AllowAutoRedirect,
+            MaxAutomaticRedirections = config.MaximumAutomaticRedirections,
+            AutomaticDecompression = config.AutomaticDecompression,
+            PreAuthenticate = config.PreAuthenticate,
+            UseCookies = config.CookieContainer != null,
+            UseProxy = config.Proxy != null,
+            MaxConnectionsPerServer = 1000,
+            PooledConnectionIdleTimeout = config.KeepAliveTimeout,
+            PooledConnectionLifetime = Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan,
+            EnableMultipleHttp2Connections = true,
+            ConnectTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(config.ConnectTimeout),
+        };
+
+        // Set up the SslClientAuthenticationOptions for custom certificate validation
+        if (config.ClientCertificates?.Count > 0)
+        {
+            handler.SslOptions.ClientCertificates = config.ClientCertificates;
+        }
+
+        handler.SslOptions.EnabledSslProtocols = SslProtocols.Tls13 | SslProtocols.Tls12;
+        //handler.SslOptions.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback = ExceptionHelper.CertificateValidationCallBack;
+
+        var certificateChainPolicy = CertPemManager.Instance.BuildCertificateChainPolicy();
+        if (certificateChainPolicy != null)
+        {
+            handler.SslOptions.CertificateChainPolicy = certificateChainPolicy;
+            handler.SslOptions.RemoteCertificateValidationCallback = null;
+        }
+
+        // Configure keep-alive
+        if (config.KeepAlive)
+        {
+            handler.KeepAlivePingTimeout = config.KeepAliveTimeout;
+            handler.KeepAlivePingPolicy = HttpKeepAlivePingPolicy.WithActiveRequests;
+        }
+
+        // Configure credentials
+        if (config.Credentials != null)
+        {
+            handler.Credentials = config.Credentials;
+            handler.PreAuthenticate = config.PreAuthenticate;
+        }
+
+        // Configure cookies
+        if (handler.UseCookies && config.CookieContainer != null)
+        {
+            handler.CookieContainer = config.CookieContainer;
+        }
+
+        // Configure proxy
+        if (handler.UseProxy && config.Proxy != null)
+        {
+            handler.Proxy = config.Proxy;
+        }
+
+        // Add expect header
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(config.Expect))
+        {
+            handler.Expect100ContinueTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
+        }
+
+        return handler;
    }
 }
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ public sealed class AppManager
    private int? _statePort2;
    public static AppManager Instance => _instance.Value;
    public Config Config => _config;
+    public IWindowDialog WindowDialog { get; set; } = null!;

    public int StatePort
    {
@@ -244,9 +245,26 @@ public sealed class AppManager
        {
            return [];
        }
-        return await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>()
-            .Where(it => ids.Contains(it.IndexId))
-            .ToListAsync();
+
+        if (ids.Count <= Global.SqliteMaxBatchSize)
+        {
+            return await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>()
+                .Where(it => ids.Contains(it.IndexId))
+                .ToListAsync();
+        }
+
+        var items = new List<ProfileItem>();
+        for (var size = 0; size < ids.Count; size += Global.SqliteMaxBatchSize)
+        {
+            var chunk = ids.Skip(size).Take(Global.SqliteMaxBatchSize).ToList();
+            var chunkItems = await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>()
+                .Where(it => chunk.Contains(it.IndexId))
+                .ToListAsync();
+
+            items.AddRange(chunkItems);
+        }
+
+        return items;
    }

    public async Task<Dictionary<string, ProfileItem>> GetProfileItemsByIndexIdsAsMap(IEnumerable<string> indexIds)
@@ -257,18 +275,11 @@ public sealed class AppManager

    public async Task<List<ProfileItem>> GetProfileItemsOrderedByIndexIds(IEnumerable<string> indexIds)
    {
-        var idList = indexIds.Where(id => !id.IsNullOrEmpty()).Distinct().ToList();
-        if (idList.Count == 0)
-        {
-            return [];
-        }
-
-        var items = await SQLiteHelper.Instance.TableAsync<ProfileItem>()
-            .Where(it => idList.Contains(it.IndexId))
-            .ToListAsync();
+        var ids = indexIds.Where(id => !id.IsNullOrEmpty()).Distinct().ToList();
+        var items = await GetProfileItemsByIndexIds(ids);
        var itemMap = items.ToDictionary(it => it.IndexId);

-        return idList.Select(itemMap.GetValueOrDefault)
+        return ids.Select(itemMap.GetValueOrDefault)
            .Where(item => item != null)
            .ToList();
    }
@@ -652,7 +663,7 @@ public sealed class AppManager
        return Global.SsSecuritiesInSingbox;
    }

-    public ECoreType GetCoreType(ProfileItem profileItem, EConfigType eConfigType)
+    public ECoreType GetCoreType(ProfileItem? profileItem, EConfigType eConfigType)
    {
        if (profileItem?.CoreType != null)
        {
@@ -10,188 +10,25 @@ public class CertPemManager
 {
    private static readonly string _tag = "CertPemManager";
    private static readonly Lazy<CertPemManager> _instance = new(() => new());
+    private Config _config;

-    /// <summary>
-    ///     Trusted CA certificate thumbprints (SHA256) to prevent MITM attacks
-    /// </summary>
-    private static readonly HashSet<string> TrustedCaThumbprints = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+    public async Task Init(Config config)
    {
-        "EBD41040E4BB3EC742C9E381D31EF2A41A48B6685C96E7CEF3C1DF6CD4331C99", // GlobalSign Root CA
-        "6DC47172E01CBCB0BF62580D895FE2B8AC9AD4F873801E0C10B9C837D21EB177", // Entrust.net Premium 2048 Secure Server CA
-        "73C176434F1BC6D5ADF45B0E76E727287C8DE57616C1E6E6141A2B2CBC7D8E4C", // Entrust Root Certification Authority
-        "D8E0FEBC1DB2E38D00940F37D27D41344D993E734B99D5656D9778D4D8143624", // Certum Root CA
-        "D7A7A0FB5D7E2731D771E9484EBCDEF71D5F0C3E0A2948782BC83EE0EA699EF4", // Comodo AAA Services root
-        "85A0DD7DD720ADB7FF05F83D542B209DC7FF4528F7D677B18389FEA5E5C49E86", // QuoVadis Root CA 2
-        "18F1FC7F205DF8ADDDEB7FE007DD57E3AF375A9C4D8D73546BF4F1FED1E18D35", // QuoVadis Root CA 3
-        "C3846BF24B9E93CA64274C0EC67C1ECC5E024FFCACD2D74019350E81FE546AE4", // Go Daddy Class 2 CA
-        "1465FA205397B876FAA6F0A9958E5590E40FCC7FAA4FB7C2C8677521FB5FB658", // Starfield Class 2 CA
-        "3E9099B5015E8F486C00BCEA9D111EE721FABA355A89BCF1DF69561E3DC6325C", // DigiCert Assured ID Root CA
-        "4348A0E9444C78CB265E058D5E8944B4D84F9662BD26DB257F8934A443C70161", // DigiCert Global Root CA
-        "7431E5F4C3C1CE4690774F0B61E05440883BA9A01ED00BA6ABD7806ED3B118CF", // DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA
-        "62DD0BE9B9F50A163EA0F8E75C053B1ECA57EA55C8688F647C6881F2C8357B95", // SwissSign Gold CA - G2
-        "0C2CD63DF7806FA399EDE809116B575BF87989F06518F9808C860503178BAF66", // COMODO Certification Authority
-        "1793927A0614549789ADCE2F8F34F7F0B66D0F3AE3A3B84D21EC15DBBA4FADC7", // COMODO ECC Certification Authority
-        "41C923866AB4CAD6B7AD578081582E020797A6CBDF4FFF78CE8396B38937D7F5", // OISTE WISeKey Global Root GA CA
-        "E3B6A2DB2ED7CE48842F7AC53241C7B71D54144BFB40C11F3F1D0B42F5EEA12D", // Certigna
-        "C0A6F4DC63A24BFDCF54EF2A6A082A0A72DE35803E2FF5FF527AE5D87206DFD5", // ePKI Root Certification Authority
-        "6C61DAC3A2DEF031506BE036D2A6FE401994FBD13DF9C8D466599274C446EC98", // NetLock Arany (Class Gold) Főtanúsítvány
-        "3C5F81FEA5FAB82C64BFA2EAECAFCDE8E077FC8620A7CAE537163DF36EDBF378", // Microsec e-Szigno Root CA 2009
-        "CBB522D7B7F127AD6A0113865BDF1CD4102E7D0759AF635A7CF4720DC963C53B", // GlobalSign Root CA - R3
-        "2530CC8E98321502BAD96F9B1FBA1B099E2D299E0F4548BB914F363BC0D4531F", // Izenpe.com
-        "45140B3247EB9CC8C5B4F0D7B53091F73292089E6E5A63E2749DD3ACA9198EDA", // Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2
-        "2CE1CB0BF9D2F9E102993FBE215152C3B2DD0CABDE1C68E5319B839154DBB7F5", // Starfield Root Certificate Authority - G2
-        "568D6905A2C88708A4B3025190EDCFEDB1974A606A13C6E5290FCB2AE63EDAB5", // Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2
-        "5C58468D55F58E497E743982D2B50010B6D165374ACF83A7D4A32DB768C4408E", // Certum Trusted Network CA
-        "BFD88FE1101C41AE3E801BF8BE56350EE9BAD1A6B9BD515EDC5C6D5B8711AC44", // TWCA Root Certification Authority
-        "513B2CECB810D4CDE5DD85391ADFC6C2DD60D87BB736D2B521484AA47A0EBEF6", // Security Communication RootCA2
-        "55926084EC963A64B96E2ABE01CE0BA86A64FBFEBCC7AAB5AFC155B37FD76066", // Actalis Authentication Root CA
-        "9A114025197C5BB95D94E63D55CD43790847B646B23CDF11ADA4A00EFF15FB48", // Buypass Class 2 Root CA
-        "EDF7EBBCA27A2A384D387B7D4010C666E2EDB4843E4C29B4AE1D5B9332E6B24D", // Buypass Class 3 Root CA
-        "FD73DAD31C644FF1B43BEF0CCDDA96710B9CD9875ECA7E31707AF3E96D522BBD", // T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 3
-        "49E7A442ACF0EA6287050054B52564B650E4F49E42E348D6AA38E039E957B1C1", // D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009
-        "EEC5496B988CE98625B934092EEC2908BED0B0F316C2D4730C84EAF1F3D34881", // D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 EV 2009
-        "E23D4A036D7B70E9F595B1422079D2B91EDFBB1FB651A0633EAA8A9DC5F80703", // CA Disig Root R2
-        "9A6EC012E1A7DA9DBE34194D478AD7C0DB1822FB071DF12981496ED104384113", // ACCVRAIZ1
-        "59769007F7685D0FCD50872F9F95D5755A5B2B457D81F3692B610A98672F0E1B", // TWCA Global Root CA
-        "91E2F5788D5810EBA7BA58737DE1548A8ECACD014598BC0B143E041B17052552", // T-TeleSec GlobalRoot Class 2
-        "F356BEA244B7A91EB35D53CA9AD7864ACE018E2D35D5F8F96DDF68A6F41AA474", // Atos TrustedRoot 2011
-        "8A866FD1B276B57E578E921C65828A2BED58E9F2F288054134B7F1F4BFC9CC74", // QuoVadis Root CA 1 G3
-        "8FE4FB0AF93A4D0D67DB0BEBB23E37C71BF325DCBCDD240EA04DAF58B47E1840", // QuoVadis Root CA 2 G3
-        "88EF81DE202EB018452E43F864725CEA5FBD1FC2D9D205730709C5D8B8690F46", // QuoVadis Root CA 3 G3
-        "7D05EBB682339F8C9451EE094EEBFEFA7953A114EDB2F44949452FAB7D2FC185", // DigiCert Assured ID Root G2
-        "7E37CB8B4C47090CAB36551BA6F45DB840680FBA166A952DB100717F43053FC2", // DigiCert Assured ID Root G3
-        "CB3CCBB76031E5E0138F8DD39A23F9DE47FFC35E43C1144CEA27D46A5AB1CB5F", // DigiCert Global Root G2
-        "31AD6648F8104138C738F39EA4320133393E3A18CC02296EF97C2AC9EF6731D0", // DigiCert Global Root G3
-        "552F7BDCF1A7AF9E6CE672017F4F12ABF77240C78E761AC203D1D9D20AC89988", // DigiCert Trusted Root G4
-        "52F0E1C4E58EC629291B60317F074671B85D7EA80D5B07273463534B32B40234", // COMODO RSA Certification Authority
-        "E793C9B02FD8AA13E21C31228ACCB08119643B749C898964B1746D46C3D4CBD2", // USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
-        "4FF460D54B9C86DABFBCFC5712E0400D2BED3FBC4D4FBDAA86E06ADCD2A9AD7A", // USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
-        "179FBC148A3DD00FD24EA13458CC43BFA7F59C8182D783A513F6EBEC100C8924", // GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5
-        "3C4FB0B95AB8B30032F432B86F535FE172C185D0FD39865837CF36187FA6F428", // Staat der Nederlanden Root CA - G3
-        "5D56499BE4D2E08BCFCAD08A3E38723D50503BDE706948E42F55603019E528AE", // IdenTrust Commercial Root CA 1
-        "30D0895A9A448A262091635522D1F52010B5867ACAE12C78EF958FD4F4389F2F", // IdenTrust Public Sector Root CA 1
-        "43DF5774B03E7FEF5FE40D931A7BEDF1BB2E6B42738C4E6D3841103D3AA7F339", // Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2
-        "02ED0EB28C14DA45165C566791700D6451D7FB56F0B2AB1D3B8EB070E56EDFF5", // Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1
-        "5CC3D78E4E1D5E45547A04E6873E64F90CF9536D1CCC2EF800F355C4C5FD70FD", // CFCA EV ROOT
-        "6B9C08E86EB0F767CFAD65CD98B62149E5494A67F5845E7BD1ED019F27B86BD6", // OISTE WISeKey Global Root GB CA
-        "A1339D33281A0B56E557D3D32B1CE7F9367EB094BD5FA72A7E5004C8DED7CAFE", // SZAFIR ROOT CA2
-        "B676F2EDDAE8775CD36CB0F63CD1D4603961F49E6265BA013A2F0307B6D0B804", // Certum Trusted Network CA 2
-        "A040929A02CE53B4ACF4F2FFC6981CE4496F755E6D45FE0B2A692BCD52523F36", // Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2015
-        "44B545AA8A25E65A73CA15DC27FC36D24C1CB9953A066539B11582DC487B4833", // Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions ECC RootCA 2015
-        "96BCEC06264976F37460779ACF28C5A7CFE8A3C0AAE11A8FFCEE05C0BDDF08C6", // ISRG Root X1
-        "EBC5570C29018C4D67B1AA127BAF12F703B4611EBC17B7DAB5573894179B93FA", // AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM
-        "8ECDE6884F3D87B1125BA31AC3FCB13D7016DE7F57CC904FE1CB97C6AE98196E", // Amazon Root CA 1
-        "1BA5B2AA8C65401A82960118F80BEC4F62304D83CEC4713A19C39C011EA46DB4", // Amazon Root CA 2
-        "18CE6CFE7BF14E60B2E347B8DFE868CB31D02EBB3ADA271569F50343B46DB3A4", // Amazon Root CA 3
-        "E35D28419ED02025CFA69038CD623962458DA5C695FBDEA3C22B0BFB25897092", // Amazon Root CA 4
-        "A1A86D04121EB87F027C66F53303C28E5739F943FC84B38AD6AF009035DD9457", // D-TRUST Root CA 3 2013
-        "46EDC3689046D53A453FB3104AB80DCAEC658B2660EA1629DD7E867990648716", // TUBITAK Kamu SM SSL Kok Sertifikasi - Surum 1
-        "BFFF8FD04433487D6A8AA60C1A29767A9FC2BBB05E420F713A13B992891D3893", // GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT
-        "85666A562EE0BE5CE925C1D8890A6F76A87EC16D4D7D5F29EA7419CF20123B69", // SSL.com Root Certification Authority RSA
-        "3417BB06CC6007DA1B961C920B8AB4CE3FAD820E4AA30B9ACBC4A74EBDCEBC65", // SSL.com Root Certification Authority ECC
-        "2E7BF16CC22485A7BBE2AA8696750761B0AE39BE3B2FE9D0CC6D4EF73491425C", // SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority RSA R2
-        "22A2C1F7BDED704CC1E701B5F408C310880FE956B5DE2A4A44F99C873A25A7C8", // SSL.com EV Root Certification Authority ECC
-        "2CABEAFE37D06CA22ABA7391C0033D25982952C453647349763A3AB5AD6CCF69", // GlobalSign Root CA - R6
-        "8560F91C3624DABA9570B5FEA0DBE36FF11A8323BE9486854FB3F34A5571198D", // OISTE WISeKey Global Root GC CA
-        "9BEA11C976FE014764C1BE56A6F914B5A560317ABD9988393382E5161AA0493C", // UCA Global G2 Root
-        "D43AF9B35473755C9684FC06D7D8CB70EE5C28E773FB294EB41EE71722924D24", // UCA Extended Validation Root
-        "D48D3D23EEDB50A459E55197601C27774B9D7B18C94D5A059511A10250B93168", // Certigna Root CA
-        "40F6AF0346A99AA1CD1D555A4E9CCE62C7F9634603EE406615833DC8C8D00367", // emSign Root CA - G1
-        "86A1ECBA089C4A8D3BBE2734C612BA341D813E043CF9E8A862CD5C57A36BBE6B", // emSign ECC Root CA - G3
-        "125609AA301DA0A249B97A8239CB6A34216F44DCAC9F3954B14292F2E8C8608F", // emSign Root CA - C1
-        "BC4D809B15189D78DB3E1D8CF4F9726A795DA1643CA5F1358E1DDB0EDC0D7EB3", // emSign ECC Root CA - C3
-        "5A2FC03F0C83B090BBFA40604B0988446C7636183DF9846E17101A447FB8EFD6", // Hongkong Post Root CA 3
-        "DB3517D1F6732A2D5AB97C533EC70779EE3270A62FB4AC4238372460E6F01E88", // Entrust Root Certification Authority - G4
-        "358DF39D764AF9E1B766E9C972DF352EE15CFAC227AF6AD1D70E8E4A6EDCBA02", // Microsoft ECC Root Certificate Authority 2017
-        "C741F70F4B2A8D88BF2E71C14122EF53EF10EBA0CFA5E64CFA20F418853073E0", // Microsoft RSA Root Certificate Authority 2017
-        "BEB00B30839B9BC32C32E4447905950641F26421B15ED089198B518AE2EA1B99", // e-Szigno Root CA 2017
-        "657CFE2FA73FAA38462571F332A2363A46FCE7020951710702CDFBB6EEDA3305", // certSIGN Root CA G2
-        "88F438DCF8FFD1FA8F429115FFE5F82AE1E06E0C70C375FAAD717B34A49E7265", // NAVER Global Root Certification Authority
-        "554153B13D2CF9DDB753BFBE1A4E0AE08D0AA4187058FE60A2B862B2E4B87BCB", // AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM SERVIDORES SEGUROS
-        "319AF0A7729E6F89269C131EA6A3A16FCD86389FDCAB3C47A4A675C161A3F974", // GlobalSign Secure Mail Root R45
-        "5CBF6FB81FD417EA4128CD6F8172A3C9402094F74AB2ED3A06B4405D04F30B19", // GlobalSign Secure Mail Root E45
-        "4FA3126D8D3A11D1C4855A4F807CBAD6CF919D3A5A88B03BEA2C6372D93C40C9", // GlobalSign Root R46
-        "CBB9C44D84B8043E1050EA31A69F514955D7BFD2E2C6B49301019AD61D9F5058", // GlobalSign Root E46
-        "FB8FEC759169B9106B1E511644C618C51304373F6C0643088D8BEFFD1B997599", // ANF Secure Server Root CA
-        "6B328085625318AA50D173C98D8BDA09D57E27413D114CF787A0F5D06C030CF6", // Certum EC-384 CA
-        "FE7696573855773E37A95E7AD4D9CC96C30157C15D31765BA9B15704E1AE78FD", // Certum Trusted Root CA
-        "2E44102AB58CB85419451C8E19D9ACF3662CAFBC614B6A53960A30F7D0E2EB41", // TunTrust Root CA
-        "D95D0E8EDA79525BF9BEB11B14D2100D3294985F0C62D9FABD9CD999ECCB7B1D", // HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021
-        "3F99CC474ACFCE4DFED58794665E478D1547739F2E780F1BB4CA9B133097D401", // HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021
-        "1BE7ABE30686B16348AFD1C61B6866A0EA7F4821E67D5E8AF937CF8011BC750D", // HARICA Client RSA Root CA 2021
-        "8DD4B5373CB0DE36769C12339280D82746B3AA6CD426E797A31BABE4279CF00B", // HARICA Client ECC Root CA 2021
-        "57DE0583EFD2B26E0361DA99DA9DF4648DEF7EE8441C3B728AFA9BCDE0F9B26A", // Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068
-        "30FBBA2C32238E2A98547AF97931E550428B9B3F1C8EEB6633DCFA86C5B27DD3", // vTrus ECC Root CA
-        "8A71DE6559336F426C26E53880D00D88A18DA4C6A91F0DCB6194E206C5C96387", // vTrus Root CA
-        "69729B8E15A86EFC177A57AFB7171DFC64ADD28C2FCA8CF1507E34453CCB1470", // ISRG Root X2
-        "F015CE3CC239BFEF064BE9F1D2C417E1A0264A0A94BE1F0C8D121864EB6949CC", // HiPKI Root CA - G1
-        "B085D70B964F191A73E4AF0D54AE7A0E07AAFDAF9B71DD0862138AB7325A24A2", // GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4
-        "D947432ABDE7B7FA90FC2E6B59101B1280E0E1C7E4E40FA3C6887FFF57A7F4CF", // GTS Root R1
-        "8D25CD97229DBF70356BDA4EB3CC734031E24CF00FAFCFD32DC76EB5841C7EA8", // GTS Root R2
-        "34D8A73EE208D9BCDB0D956520934B4E40E69482596E8B6F73C8426B010A6F48", // GTS Root R3
-        "349DFA4058C5E263123B398AE795573C4E1313C83FE68F93556CD5E8031B3C7D", // GTS Root R4
-        "242B69742FCB1E5B2ABF98898B94572187544E5B4D9911786573621F6A74B82C", // Telia Root CA v2
-        "E59AAA816009C22BFF5B25BAD37DF306F049797C1F81D85AB089E657BD8F0044", // D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020
-        "08170D1AA36453901A2F959245E347DB0C8D37ABAABC56B81AA100DC958970DB", // D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020
-        "018E13F0772532CF809BD1B17281867283FC48C6E13BE9C69812854A490C1B05", // DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5
-        "371A00DC0533B3721A7EEB40E8419E70799D2B0A0F2C1D80693165F7CEC4AD75", // DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5
-        "E8E8176536A60CC2C4E10187C3BEFCA20EF263497018F566D5BEA0F94D0C111B", // DigiCert SMIME ECC P384 Root G5
-        "90370D3EFA88BF58C30105BA25104A358460A7FA52DFC2011DF233A0F417912A", // DigiCert SMIME RSA4096 Root G5
-        "77B82CD8644C4305F7ACC5CB156B45675004033D51C60C6202A8E0C33467D3A0", // Certainly Root R1
-        "B4585F22E4AC756A4E8612A1361C5D9D031A93FD84FEBB778FA3068B0FC42DC2", // Certainly Root E1
-        "82BD5D851ACF7F6E1BA7BFCBC53030D0E7BC3C21DF772D858CAB41D199BDF595", // DIGITALSIGN GLOBAL ROOT RSA CA
-        "261D7114AE5F8FF2D8C7209A9DE4289E6AFC9D717023D85450909199F1857CFE", // DIGITALSIGN GLOBAL ROOT ECDSA CA
-        "E74FBDA55BD564C473A36B441AA799C8A68E077440E8288B9FA1E50E4BBACA11", // Security Communication ECC RootCA1
-        "F3896F88FE7C0A882766A7FA6AD2749FB57A7F3E98FB769C1FA7B09C2C44D5AE", // BJCA Global Root CA1
-        "574DF6931E278039667B720AFDC1600FC27EB66DD3092979FB73856487212882", // BJCA Global Root CA2
-        "48E1CF9E43B688A51044160F46D773B8277FE45BEAAD0E4DF90D1974382FEA99", // LAWtrust Root CA2 (4096)
-        "22D9599234D60F1D4BC7C7E96F43FA555B07301FD475175089DAFB8C25E477B3", // Sectigo Public Email Protection Root E46
-        "D5917A7791EB7CF20A2E57EB98284A67B28A57E89182DA53D546678C9FDE2B4F", // Sectigo Public Email Protection Root R46
-        "C90F26F0FB1B4018B22227519B5CA2B53E2CA5B3BE5CF18EFE1BEF47380C5383", // Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root E46
-        "7BB647A62AEEAC88BF257AA522D01FFEA395E0AB45C73F93F65654EC38F25A06", // Sectigo Public Server Authentication Root R46
-        "8FAF7D2E2CB4709BB8E0B33666BF75A5DD45B5DE480F8EA8D4BFE6BEBC17F2ED", // SSL.com TLS RSA Root CA 2022
-        "C32FFD9F46F936D16C3673990959434B9AD60AAFBB9E7CF33654F144CC1BA143", // SSL.com TLS ECC Root CA 2022
-        "AD7DD58D03AEDB22A30B5084394920CE12230C2D8017AD9B81AB04079BDD026B", // SSL.com Client ECC Root CA 2022
-        "1D4CA4A2AB21D0093659804FC0EB2175A617279B56A2475245C9517AFEB59153", // SSL.com Client RSA Root CA 2022
-        "E38655F4B0190C84D3B3893D840A687E190A256D98052F159E6D4A39F589A6EB", // Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC G2 2020
-        "78833A783BB2986C254B9370D3C20E5EBA8FA7840CBF63FE17297A0B0119685E", // Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA G2 2020
-        "B2FAE53E14CCD7AB9212064701AE279C1D8988FACB775FA8A008914E663988A8", // Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021
-        "81A9088EA59FB364C548A6F85559099B6F0405EFBF18E5324EC9F457BA00112F", // Atos TrustedRoot Root CA RSA TLS 2021
-        "E0D3226AEB1163C2E48FF9BE3B50B4C6431BE7BB1EACC5C36B5D5EC509039A08", // TrustAsia Global Root CA G3
-        "BE4B56CB5056C0136A526DF444508DAA36A0B54F42E4AC38F72AF470E479654C", // TrustAsia Global Root CA G4
-        "D92C171F5CF890BA428019292927FE22F3207FD2B54449CB6F675AF4922146E2", // D-Trust SBR Root CA 1 2022
-        "DBA84DD7EF622D485463A90137EA4D574DF8550928F6AFA03B4D8B1141E636CC", // D-Trust SBR Root CA 2 2022
-        "3AE6DF7E0D637A65A8C81612EC6F9A142F85A16834C10280D88E707028518755", // Telekom Security SMIME ECC Root 2021
-        "578AF4DED0853F4E5998DB4AEAF9CBEA8D945F60B620A38D1A3C13B2BC7BA8E1", // Telekom Security TLS ECC Root 2020
-        "78A656344F947E9CC0F734D9053D32F6742086B6B9CD2CAE4FAE1A2E4EFDE048", // Telekom Security SMIME RSA Root 2023
-        "EFC65CADBB59ADB6EFE84DA22311B35624B71B3B1EA0DA8B6655174EC8978646", // Telekom Security TLS RSA Root 2023
-        "3F63BB2814BE174EC8B6439CF08D6D56F0B7C405883A5648A334424D6B3EC558", // TWCA CYBER Root CA
-        "3A0072D49FFC04E996C59AEB75991D3C340F3615D6FD4DCE90AC0B3D88EAD4F4", // TWCA Global Root CA G2
-        "3F034BB5704D44B2D08545A02057DE93EBF3905FCE721ACBC730C06DDAEE904E", // SecureSign Root CA12
-        "4B009C1034494F9AB56BBA3BA1D62731FC4D20D8955ADCEC10A925607261E338", // SecureSign Root CA14
-        "E778F0F095FE843729CD1A0082179E5314A9C291442805E1FB1D8FB6B8886C3A", // SecureSign Root CA15
-        "0552E6F83FDF65E8FA9670E666DF28A4E21340B510CBE52566F97C4FB94B2BD1", // D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023
-        "436472C1009A325C54F1A5BBB5468A7BAEECCBE05DE5F099CB70D3FE41E13C16", // TrustAsia SMIME ECC Root CA
-        "C7796BEB62C101BB143D262A7C96A0C6168183223EF50D699632D86E03B8CC9B", // TrustAsia SMIME RSA Root CA
-        "C0076B9EF0531FB1A656D67C4EBE97CD5DBAA41EF44598ACC2489878C92D8711", // TrustAsia TLS ECC Root CA
-        "06C08D7DAFD876971EB1124FE67F847EC0C7A158D3EA53CBE940E2EA9791F4C3", // TrustAsia TLS RSA Root CA
-        "8E8221B2E7D4007836A1672F0DCC299C33BC07D316F132FA1A206D587150F1CE", // D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023
-        "9A12C392BFE57891A0C545309D4D9FD567E480CB613D6342278B195C79A7931F", // SwissSign RSA SMIME Root CA 2022 - 1
-        "193144F431E0FDDB740717D4DE926A571133884B4360D30E272913CBE660CE41", // SwissSign RSA TLS Root CA 2022 - 1
-        "D9A32485A8CCA85539CEF12FFFFF711378A17851D73DA2732AB4302D763BD62B", // OISTE Client Root ECC G1
-        "D02A0F994A868C66395F2E7A880DF509BD0C29C96DE16015A0FD501EDA4F96A9", // OISTE Client Root RSA G1
-        "EEC997C0C30F216F7E3B8B307D2BAE42412D753FC8219DAFD1520B2572850F49", // OISTE Server Root ECC G1
-        "9AE36232A5189FFDDB353DFD26520C015395D22777DAC59DB57B98C089A651E6", // OISTE Server Root RSA G1
-        "B49141502D00663D740F2E7EC340C52800962666121A36D09CF7DD2B90384FB4", // e-Szigno TLS Root CA 2023
-    };
+        if (_config != null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        _config = config;
+        await Task.CompletedTask;
+    }

    public static CertPemManager Instance => _instance.Value;

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get certificate in PEM format from a server with CA pinning validation
    /// </summary>
-    public async Task<(string?, string?)> GetCertPemAsync(string target, string serverName, int timeout = 4,
-        List<string>? verifyPeerCertByName = null, bool allowInsecure = false)
+    public async Task<(string?, string?)> GetCertPemAsync(string target, string serverName,
+        List<string>? verifyPeerCertByName = null, int timeout = 4)
    {
        try
        {
@@ -204,8 +41,7 @@ public class CertPemManager
            await client.ConnectAsync(domain, port > 0 ? port : 443, cts.Token);

            var callback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback((sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors) =>
-                ValidateServerCertificate(sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors, verifyPeerCertByName ?? [],
-                    allowInsecure));
+                ValidateServerCertificate(sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors, verifyPeerCertByName ?? []));
            await using var ssl = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, callback);

            var sslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions
@@ -240,8 +76,8 @@ public class CertPemManager
    /// <summary>
    ///     Get certificate chain in PEM format from a server with CA pinning validation
    /// </summary>
-    public async Task<(List<string>, string?)> GetCertChainPemAsync(string target, string serverName, int timeout = 4,
-        List<string>? verifyPeerCertByName = null, bool allowInsecure = false)
+    public async Task<(List<string>, string?)> GetCertChainPemAsync(string target, string serverName,
+        List<string>? verifyPeerCertByName = null, int timeout = 4)
    {
        var pemList = new List<string>();
        try
@@ -255,8 +91,7 @@ public class CertPemManager
            await client.ConnectAsync(domain, port > 0 ? port : 443, cts.Token);

            var callback = new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback((sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors) =>
-                ValidateServerCertificate(sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors, verifyPeerCertByName ?? [],
-                    allowInsecure));
+                ValidateServerCertificate(sender, certificate, chain, sslPolicyErrors, verifyPeerCertByName ?? []));
            await using var ssl = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, callback);

            var sslOptions = new SslClientAuthenticationOptions
@@ -294,25 +129,18 @@ public class CertPemManager
    /// <summary>
    ///     Validate server certificate with CA pinning
    /// </summary>
-    private static bool ValidateServerCertificate(
+    private bool ValidateServerCertificate(
        object _,
        X509Certificate? certificate,
        X509Chain? chain,
        SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors,
-        List<string> verifyPeerCertByName,
-        bool allowInsecure)
+        List<string> verifyPeerCertByName)
    {
        if (certificate == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

-        // In insecure mode, accept any certificate so self-signed certs can be fetched.
-        if (allowInsecure)
-        {
-            return true;
-        }
-
        // Build certificate chain
        var cert2 = certificate as X509Certificate2 ?? new X509Certificate2(certificate);
        var certChain = chain ?? new X509Chain();
@@ -336,9 +164,10 @@ public class CertPemManager
        }

        var rootCert = certChain.ChainElements[^1].Certificate;
-        var rootThumbprint = rootCert.GetCertHashString(HashAlgorithmName.SHA256);

-        if (!TrustedCaThumbprints.Contains(rootThumbprint))
+        var trustedCerts = BuildTrustedCertificateCollection();
+
+        if (!trustedCerts.Contains(rootCert))
        {
            return false;
        }
@@ -451,4 +280,81 @@ public class CertPemManager
            return string.Empty;
        }
    }
+
+    public static string GetLeafCertSha256Thumbprint(string pemCertChain, bool includeColon = false)
+    {
+        var certs = ParsePemChain(pemCertChain);
+        if (certs.Count == 0)
+        {
+            return string.Empty;
+        }
+        foreach (var certStr in certs)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var cert = X509Certificate2.CreateFromPem(certStr);
+                var extension = cert.Extensions
+                    .OfType<X509BasicConstraintsExtension>()
+                    .FirstOrDefault();
+                var isCa = extension?.CertificateAuthority == true;
+                if (isCa)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                var thumbprint = cert.GetCertHashString(HashAlgorithmName.SHA256);
+                return includeColon ? string.Join(":", thumbprint.Chunk(2).Select(c => new string(c))) : thumbprint;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+        }
+        return string.Empty;
+    }
+
+    private static readonly Lazy<X509Certificate2Collection> _chromeRootCerts = new(() =>
+    {
+        var pemText = EmbedUtils.GetEmbedText(Global.ChromeRootCertFileName);
+        var collection = new X509Certificate2Collection();
+        collection.ImportFromPem(pemText);
+        return collection;
+    });
+
+    private static readonly Lazy<X509Certificate2Collection> _mozillaRootCerts = new(() =>
+    {
+        var pemText = EmbedUtils.GetEmbedText(Global.MozillaRootCertFileName);
+        var collection = new X509Certificate2Collection();
+        collection.ImportFromPem(pemText);
+        return collection;
+    });
+
+    private X509Certificate2Collection BuildTrustedCertificateCollection()
+    {
+        if (_config.GuiItem.RootCertProvider == Global.ChromeRootProvider)
+        {
+            return _chromeRootCerts.Value;
+        }
+        return _mozillaRootCerts.Value;
+    }
+
+    private bool IsSystemRootCertProvider()
+    {
+        return _config.GuiItem.RootCertProvider != Global.ChromeRootProvider && _config.GuiItem.RootCertProvider != Global.MozillaRootProvider;
+    }
+
+    public X509ChainPolicy? BuildCertificateChainPolicy()
+    {
+        if (IsSystemRootCertProvider())
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        var trustedCerts = BuildTrustedCertificateCollection();
+        var chainPolicy = new X509ChainPolicy
+        {
+            TrustMode = X509ChainTrustMode.CustomRootTrust,
+            RevocationMode = X509RevocationMode.NoCheck,
+        };
+        chainPolicy.CustomTrustStore.AddRange(trustedCerts);
+        return chainPolicy;
+    }
 }
@@ -1,113 +1,104 @@
-using static ServiceLib.Models.Dto.ClashProxies;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Manager;

 public sealed class ClashApiManager
 {
+    private const string _tag = "ClashApiManager";
    private static readonly Lazy<ClashApiManager> instance = new(() => new());
    public static ClashApiManager Instance => instance.Value;

-    private static readonly string _tag = "ClashApiHandler";
-    private Dictionary<string, ProxiesItem>? _proxies;
-    public Dictionary<string, object> ProfileContent { get; set; }
+    private static string ApiUrl => $"{Global.HttpProtocol}{Global.Loopback}:{AppManager.Instance.StatePort2}";

-    public async Task<Tuple<ClashProxies, ClashProviders>?> GetClashProxiesAsync()
+    public async Task<ClashItem?> GetProxies()
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        {
-            var url = $"{GetApiUrl()}/proxies";
-            var result = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);
-            var clashProxies = JsonUtils.Deserialize<ClashProxies>(result);
+            var url = $"{ApiUrl}/proxies";
+            var resultTask = HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);

-            var url2 = $"{GetApiUrl()}/providers/proxies";
-            var result2 = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url2);
+            var url2 = $"{ApiUrl}/providers/proxies";
+            var result2Task = HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url2);
+
+            await Task.WhenAll(resultTask, result2Task);
+
+            var result = await resultTask;
+            var result2 = await result2Task;
+            var clashProxies = JsonUtils.Deserialize<ClashProxies>(result);
            var clashProviders = JsonUtils.Deserialize<ClashProviders>(result2);

-            if (clashProxies != null || clashProviders != null)
+            if (clashProxies is null && clashProviders is null)
            {
-                _proxies = clashProxies?.proxies;
-                return new Tuple<ClashProxies, ClashProviders>(clashProxies, clashProviders);
+                await Task.Delay(2000);
+                continue;
            }

-            await Task.Delay(2000);
+            var item = new ClashItem();
+            if (clashProxies?.proxies is { Count: > 0 } proxies)
+            {
+                item = item with { Proxies = proxies };
+            }
+            if (clashProviders.providers is { Count: > 0 } providers)
+            {
+                foreach (var provider in providers)
+                {
+                    foreach (var proxy in provider.Value.proxies ?? [])
+                    {
+                        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(proxy.name)
+                            || !item.Proxies.TryAdd(proxy.name, proxy))
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        item.ProviderIndexMap.Add(proxy.name, provider.Key);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return item;
        }

        return null;
    }

-    public void ClashProxiesDelayTest(bool blAll, List<ClashProxyModel> lstProxy, Func<ClashProxyModel?, string, Task> updateFunc)
+    public async Task<int> TestDelay(string name, ClashItem? clashItem)
    {
-        Task.Run(async () =>
+        if (clashItem?.ProviderIndexMap.TryGetValue(name, out var providerName) == true)
        {
-            if (blAll)
-            {
-                if (_proxies == null)
-                {
-                    await GetClashProxiesAsync();
-                }
-                lstProxy = [];
-                lstProxy.AddRange(from kv in _proxies ?? []
-                                  where !Global.notAllowTestType.Contains(kv.Value.type?.ToLower())
-                                  select new ClashProxyModel()
-                                  {
-                                      Name = kv.Value.name,
-                                      Type = kv.Value.type?.ToLower(),
-                                  });
-            }
-
-            if (lstProxy is not { Count: > 0 })
-            {
-                return;
-            }
-            var urlBase = $"{GetApiUrl()}/proxies";
-            urlBase += @"/{0}/delay?timeout=10000&url=" + AppManager.Instance.Config.SpeedTestItem.SpeedPingTestUrl;
-
-            var tasks = new List<Task>();
-            foreach (var it in lstProxy)
-            {
-                if (Global.notAllowTestType.Contains(it.Type.ToLower()))
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                var name = it.Name;
-                var url = string.Format(urlBase, name);
-                tasks.Add(Task.Run(async () =>
-                {
-                    var result = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);
-                    await updateFunc?.Invoke(it, result);
-                }));
-            }
-            await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
-            await Task.Delay(1000);
-            await updateFunc?.Invoke(null, "");
-        });
+            return await TestProviderProxyDelay(name, providerName);
+        }
+        return await TestProxyDelay(name);
    }

-    public List<ProxiesItem>? GetClashProxyGroups()
+    private async Task<int> TestProxyDelay(string name)
+    {
+        var url = $"{ApiUrl}/proxies/{Utils.UrlEncode(name)}/delay?timeout=10000&url=" +
+                  Utils.UrlEncode(AppManager.Instance.Config.SpeedTestItem.SpeedPingTestUrl);
+        return await SendTestRequest(url);
+    }
+
+    private async Task<int> TestProviderProxyDelay(string name, string providerName)
+    {
+        var url =
+            $"{ApiUrl}/providers/proxies/{Utils.UrlEncode(providerName)}/{Utils.UrlEncode(name)}/healthcheck?timeout=10000&url=" +
+            Utils.UrlEncode(AppManager.Instance.Config.SpeedTestItem.SpeedPingTestUrl);
+        return await SendTestRequest(url);
+    }
+
+    private async Task<int> SendTestRequest(string url)
+    {
+        var result = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);
+        var jsonObject = JsonUtils.ParseJson(result) as JsonObject;
+        return jsonObject?["delay"] is { } n && n.GetValueKind() == JsonValueKind.Number &&
+               n.GetValue<JsonElement>().TryGetInt32(out var v)
+            ? v
+            : -1;
+    }
+
+    public async Task SetActiveProxy(string groupName, string nodeName)
    {
        try
        {
-            var fileContent = ProfileContent;
-            if (fileContent is null || fileContent?.ContainsKey("proxy-groups") == false)
-            {
-                return null;
-            }
-            return JsonUtils.Deserialize<List<ProxiesItem>>(JsonUtils.Serialize(fileContent["proxy-groups"]));
-        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
-        {
-            Logging.SaveLog(_tag, ex);
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    public async Task ClashSetActiveProxy(string name, string nameNode)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            var url = $"{GetApiUrl()}/proxies/{name}";
+            var url = $"{ApiUrl}/proxies/{Utils.UrlEncode(groupName)}";
            var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
-            headers.Add("name", nameNode);
+            headers.Add("name", nodeName);
            await HttpClientHelper.Instance.PutAsync(url, headers);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
@@ -116,39 +107,67 @@ public sealed class ClashApiManager
        }
    }

-    public async Task ClashConfigUpdate(Dictionary<string, string> headers)
+    public async Task UpdateClashMode(string mode)
    {
-        if (_proxies == null)
+        var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
-            return;
-        }
+            { "mode", mode },
+        };
+        await UpdateConfig(headers);
+    }

-        var urlBase = $"{GetApiUrl()}/configs";
+    public async Task UpdateConfig(Dictionary<string, string> headers)
+    {
+        var urlBase = $"{ApiUrl}/configs";

        await HttpClientHelper.Instance.PatchAsync(urlBase, headers);
    }

-    public async Task ClashConfigReload(string filePath)
+    public async Task<List<string>> GetClashModes()
    {
-        await ClashConnectionClose("");
-        try
+        var jsonNode = await GetConfig();
+        if ((jsonNode?["mode-list"] ?? jsonNode?["modes"]) is not JsonArray { Count: > 0 } modesArray)
        {
-            var url = $"{GetApiUrl()}/configs?force=true";
-            var headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
-            headers.Add("path", filePath);
-            await HttpClientHelper.Instance.PutAsync(url, headers);
+            return [];
        }
-        catch (Exception ex)
+        var modes = new List<string>();
+        foreach (var mode in modesArray)
        {
-            Logging.SaveLog(_tag, ex);
+            if (mode is JsonValue jsonValue && jsonValue.GetValueKind() == JsonValueKind.String)
+            {
+                modes.Add(jsonValue.GetValue<string>());
+            }
        }
+        return modes;
    }

-    public async Task<ClashConnections?> GetClashConnectionsAsync()
+    public async Task<string?> GetClashMode()
+    {
+        var jsonNode = await GetConfig();
+        if (jsonNode["mode"] is not JsonValue jsonValue || jsonValue.GetValueKind() != JsonValueKind.String)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return jsonValue.GetValue<string>();
+    }
+
+    public async Task<JsonObject> GetConfig()
+    {
+        var url = $"{ApiUrl}/configs";
+        var result = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);
+        var jsonNode = JsonUtils.ParseJson(result);
+        if (jsonNode is not JsonObject jsonObject)
+        {
+            return new JsonObject();
+        }
+        return jsonObject;
+    }
+
+    public async Task<ClashConnections?> GetConnections()
    {
        try
        {
-            var url = $"{GetApiUrl()}/connections";
+            var url = $"{ApiUrl}/connections";
            var result = await HttpClientHelper.Instance.TryGetAsync(url);
            var clashConnections = JsonUtils.Deserialize<ClashConnections>(result);

@@ -162,11 +181,11 @@ public sealed class ClashApiManager
        return null;
    }

-    public async Task ClashConnectionClose(string id)
+    public async Task CloseConnection(string id)
    {
        try
        {
-            var url = $"{GetApiUrl()}/connections/{id}";
+            var url = $"{ApiUrl}/connections/{id}";
            await HttpClientHelper.Instance.DeleteAsync(url);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
@@ -174,9 +193,4 @@ public sealed class ClashApiManager
            Logging.SaveLog(_tag, ex);
        }
    }
-
-    private string GetApiUrl()
-    {
-        return $"{Global.HttpProtocol}{Global.Loopback}:{AppManager.Instance.StatePort2}";
-    }
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,18 @@ public class CoreAdminManager
        StringBuilder sb = new();
        sb.AppendLine("#!/bin/bash");
        var cmdLine = $"{fileName.AppendQuotes()} {string.Format(coreInfo.Arguments, Utils.GetBinConfigPath(configPath).AppendQuotes())}";
-        sb.AppendLine($"exec sudo -S -- {cmdLine}");
+
+        // Passing environment variables to the sudo command, here it only xray or sing-box.
+        if (coreInfo.Environment.Count > 0)
+        {
+            var envArgs = string.Join(" ", coreInfo.Environment.Where(kv => kv.Value.IsNotEmpty()).Select(kv => $"{kv.Key}={kv.Value.AppendQuotes()}"));
+            sb.AppendLine($"exec sudo -S -- env {envArgs} {cmdLine}");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sb.AppendLine($"exec sudo -S -- {cmdLine}");
+        }
+
        var shFilePath = await FileUtils.CreateLinuxShellFile("run_as_sudo.sh", sb.ToString(), true);

        var procService = new ProcessService(
@@ -80,6 +91,8 @@ public class CoreAdminManager
                .ExecuteBufferedAsync();

            await UpdateFunc(false, result.StandardOutput.ToString());
+
+            await Task.Delay(1000); // Wait for a second to ensure the process is killed
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ public sealed class CoreInfoManager
                    DownloadUrlLinuxLoong64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-linux-loong64.tar.gz",
                    DownloadUrlOSX64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-darwin-amd64.tar.gz",
                    DownloadUrlOSXArm64 = urlSingbox + "/download/{0}/sing-box-{1}-darwin-arm64.tar.gz",
+                    LockedMaxVersion = new SemanticVersion(1, 14, int.MaxValue),
                    Match = "sing-box",
                    VersionArg = "version",
                },
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ public class CoreManager
    private static readonly Lazy<CoreManager> _instance = new(() => new());
    public static CoreManager Instance => _instance.Value;
    private Config _config;
+
    [SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
    private WindowsJobService? _processJob;
+
    private ProcessService? _processService;
    private ProcessService? _processPreService;
    private bool _linuxSudo = false;
@@ -83,13 +85,14 @@ public class CoreManager
        await CoreStop();
        await Task.Delay(100);

-        if (Utils.IsWindows() && _config.TunModeItem.EnableTun)
+        if (Utils.IsWindows() && (mainContext?.IsTunEnabled == true || preContext?.IsTunEnabled == true))
        {
            await Task.Delay(100);
            await WindowsUtils.RemoveTunDevice();
        }

        await CoreStart(mainContext);
+        await WaitForProxyPort(preContext);
        await CoreStartPreService(preContext);

        AppManager.Instance.RunningCoreType = preContext?.RunCoreType ?? mainContext.RunCoreType;
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ public class CoreManager
        var coreInfo = CoreInfoManager.Instance.GetCoreInfo(coreType);

        var displayLog = node.ConfigType != EConfigType.Custom || node.DisplayLog;
-        var proc = await RunProcess(coreInfo, Global.CoreConfigFileName, displayLog, true);
+        var proc = await RunProcess(coreInfo, Global.CoreConfigFileName, displayLog, true, context.IsTunEnabled);
        if (proc is null)
        {
            return;
@@ -198,7 +201,7 @@ public class CoreManager
            if (result.Success)
            {
                var coreInfo = CoreInfoManager.Instance.GetCoreInfo(preCoreType);
-                var proc = await RunProcess(coreInfo, Global.CorePreConfigFileName, true, true);
+                var proc = await RunProcess(coreInfo, Global.CorePreConfigFileName, true, true, preContext.IsTunEnabled);
                if (proc is null)
                {
                    return;
@@ -213,11 +216,93 @@ public class CoreManager
        await _updateFunc?.Invoke(notify, msg);
    }

+    private static async Task WaitForProxyPort(CoreConfigContext? preContext, int timeoutMs = 5000)
+    {
+        if (preContext is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!preContext.IsTunEnabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        using var rootCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMs));
+        var rootToken = rootCts.Token;
+
+        var port = preContext.Node.Port;
+        // SOCKS5 client greeting: VER=5, NMETHODS=1, METHOD=0x00 (no auth)
+        ReadOnlyMemory<byte> greeting = new byte[] { 0x05, 0x01, 0x00 };
+        var buf = new byte[2];
+
+        while (!rootToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+        {
+            using var tcp = new TcpClient();
+            using var attemptCts = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(50));
+            using var linkedCts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(rootToken, attemptCts.Token);
+            var linkedToken = linkedCts.Token;
+            try
+            {
+                await tcp.ConnectAsync(Global.Loopback, port, linkedToken);
+                var stream = tcp.GetStream();
+
+                await stream.WriteAsync(greeting, linkedToken);
+
+                var read = await stream.ReadAsync(buf.AsMemory(0, 2), linkedToken);
+
+                // Server selection: VER=5, METHOD=0x00 — proxy is fully ready
+                if (read == 2 && buf[0] == 0x05)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (OperationCanceledException)
+            {
+                if (!rootToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Logging.SaveLog($"WaitForProxyPort Timeout waiting for proxy port {port} to be ready.");
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (SocketException ex) when (ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.ConnectionRefused)
+            {
+                // Connection refused, proxy not ready yet, wait 50ms before retrying
+                try
+                {
+                    await Task.Delay(50, rootToken);
+                }
+                catch (OperationCanceledException)
+                {
+                    Logging.SaveLog($"WaitForProxyPort Timeout waiting for proxy port {port} to be ready.");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // Ignore other exceptions and continue
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
    #endregion Private

    #region Process

-    private async Task<ProcessService?> RunProcess(CoreInfo? coreInfo, string configPath, bool displayLog, bool mayNeedSudo)
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Decides whether a core launch must be elevated on non-Windows platforms.
+    ///     The TUN state comes from the immutable <see cref="CoreConfigContext" /> snapshot that
+    ///     generated the config, never from the live mutable config: the generated config and the
+    ///     launch mode must always agree, even if TUN is toggled while a reload is in flight.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static bool ShouldRunAsSudo(bool isTunLaunch, ECoreType? coreType, bool isNonWindows)
+    {
+        return isTunLaunch
+            && coreType is ECoreType.sing_box or ECoreType.mihomo or ECoreType.Xray
+            && isNonWindows;
+    }
+
+    private async Task<ProcessService?> RunProcess(CoreInfo? coreInfo, string configPath, bool displayLog, bool mayNeedSudo, bool isTunLaunch = false)
    {
        var fileName = CoreInfoManager.Instance.GetCoreExecFile(coreInfo, out var msg);
        if (fileName.IsNullOrEmpty())
@@ -229,9 +314,7 @@ public class CoreManager
        try
        {
            if (mayNeedSudo
-                && _config.TunModeItem.EnableTun
-                && (coreInfo.CoreType is ECoreType.sing_box or ECoreType.mihomo)
-                && Utils.IsNonWindows())
+                && ShouldRunAsSudo(isTunLaunch, coreInfo.CoreType, Utils.IsNonWindows()))
            {
                _linuxSudo = true;
                await CoreAdminManager.Instance.Init(_config, _updateFunc);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public class GroupProfileManager
        return childProfiles?.Where(p =>
                p != null &&
                p.IsValid() &&
-                !p.ConfigType.IsComplexType() &&
+                (!p.ConfigType.IsComplexType() || p.ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound) &&
                (extra.Filter.IsNullOrEmpty() || Regex.IsMatch(p.Remarks, extra.Filter))
            )
            .ToList() ?? [];
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//using System.Reactive.Linq;
-
 namespace ServiceLib.Manager;

 public class ProfileExManager
@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ public class TaskManager
        _config = config;
        _updateFunc = updateFunc;

-        Task.Run(ScheduledTasks);
+        _ = Task.Factory.StartNew(
+            ScheduledTasks,
+            CancellationToken.None,
+            TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning,
+            TaskScheduler.Default);
    }

    private async Task ScheduledTasks()
@@ -57,8 +61,8 @@ public class TaskManager
                //Logging.SaveLog("Execute delete expired files");

                FileUtils.DeleteExpiredFiles(Utils.GetBinConfigPath(), DateTime.Now.AddHours(-1), "Test");
-                FileUtils.DeleteExpiredFiles(Utils.GetLogPath(), DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1));
-                FileUtils.DeleteExpiredFiles(Utils.GetTempPath(), DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1));
+                FileUtils.DeleteExpiredFiles(Utils.GetLogPath(), DateTime.Now.AddDays(-7));
+                FileUtils.DeleteExpiredFiles(Utils.GetTempPath(), DateTime.Now.AddDays(-7));

                try
                {
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ public class TaskManager

        var updateService = new UpdateService(_config, async (success, msg) => await Task.CompletedTask);

-        var msgs = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(_config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate);
+        var msgs = await updateService.CheckHasUpdateOnlyAll(_config.CheckUpdateItem.CheckPreReleaseUpdate, _config.CheckUpdateItem.UpdateViaProxy);
        foreach (var msg in msgs)
        {
            await _updateFunc?.Invoke(false, msg);
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public class Config
    public List<KeyEventItem> GlobalHotkeys { get; set; }
    public List<CoreTypeItem> CoreTypeItem { get; set; }
    public SimpleDNSItem SimpleDNSItem { get; set; }
+    public HappyEyeballs4RayItem HappyEyeballs4RayItem { get; set; }

    #endregion other entities
 }
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ public class GUIItem
    public int TrayMenuServersLimit { get; set; } = 20;
    public bool EnableHWA { get; set; } = false;
    public bool EnableLog { get; set; } = true;
+    public string? RootCertProvider { get; set; }
 }

 [Serializable]
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ public class UIItem
    public bool MacOSShowInDock { get; set; }
    public List<ColumnItem> MainColumnItem { get; set; }
    public List<WindowSizeItem> WindowSizeItem { get; set; }
+    public bool HideColumnIpInfo { get; set; }
 }

 [Serializable]
@@ -145,8 +147,10 @@ public class TunModeItem
    public int Mtu { get; set; }
    public bool EnableIPv6Address { get; set; }
    public string IcmpRouting { get; set; }
-    public bool EnableLegacyProtect { get; set; }
+    public bool EnableLegacyProtect { get; set; } = true;
    public List<string>? RouteExcludeAddress { get; set; }
+    public string IPv4Address { get; set; }
+    public string IPv6Address { get; set; }
 }

 [Serializable]
@@ -205,7 +209,6 @@ public class HysteriaItem
 [Serializable]
 public class ClashUIItem
 {
-    public ERuleMode RuleMode { get; set; }
    public bool EnableIPv6 { get; set; }
    public bool EnableMixinContent { get; set; }
    public int ProxiesSorting { get; set; }
@@ -240,6 +243,7 @@ public class WebDavItem
 public class CheckUpdateItem
 {
    public bool CheckPreReleaseUpdate { get; set; }
+    public bool UpdateViaProxy { get; set; } = true;
    public List<string>? SelectedCoreTypes { get; set; }
 }

@@ -247,8 +251,15 @@ public class CheckUpdateItem
 public class Fragment4RayItem
 {
    public string? Packets { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? Lengths { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? Delays { get; set; }
+    public string? MaxSplit { get; set; }
+
+    // For migration from old version, remove those properties in the future
    public string? Length { get; set; }
+
    public string? Interval { get; set; }
+    // migration end
 }

 [Serializable]
@@ -266,14 +277,27 @@ public class SimpleDNSItem
    public bool? AddCommonHosts { get; set; }
    public bool? FakeIP { get; set; }
    public bool? GlobalFakeIp { get; set; }
+    public string? FakeIPRange { get; set; }
    public bool? BlockBindingQuery { get; set; }
+    public bool? BlockAAAAQuery { get; set; }
    public string? DirectDNS { get; set; }
    public string? RemoteDNS { get; set; }
    public string? BootstrapDNS { get; set; }
    public string? Strategy4Freedom { get; set; }
    public string? Strategy4Proxy { get; set; }
+    public string? Strategy4ProxyDial { get; set; }
    public bool? ServeStale { get; set; }
    public bool? ParallelQuery { get; set; }
    public string? Hosts { get; set; }
    public string? DirectExpectedIPs { get; set; }
+    public bool? EnableHappyEyeballs { get; set; }
+}
+
+[Serializable]
+public class HappyEyeballs4RayItem
+{
+    public int? TryDelayMs { get; set; }
+    public bool? PrioritizeIPv6 { get; set; }
+    public int? Interleave { get; set; }
+    public int? MaxConcurrentTry { get; set; }
 }
@@ -11,13 +11,24 @@ public record CoreConfigContext
    public Config AppConfig { get; init; } = new();
    public FullConfigTemplateItem? FullConfigTemplate { get; init; } = new();

+    public Dictionary<string, string> CustomOutboundContent { get; init; } = new();
+
    // Test ServerTestItem Map
    public Dictionary<string, string> ServerTestItemMap { get; init; } = new();

    // TUN Compatibility
    public bool IsTunEnabled { get; init; } = false;
    public HashSet<string> ProtectDomainList { get; init; } = [];
+    // Typically, it is the core of the outbound chain
+    public HashSet<ECoreType> ProtectCoreTypeList { get; init; } = [];

    public bool IsWindows { get; init; }
    public bool IsMacOS { get; init; }
+
+    // Defaults to true so that a context built without this flag keeps routing IPv6 into the
+    // tunnel; only a positive detection of the host having no global IPv6 address turns it off.
+    public bool HasGlobalIPv6Address { get; init; } = true;
+
+    // Generation Context
+    public Dictionary<object, string> CustomOutboundMap { get; init; } = new();
 }
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ public class CoreInfo
    public string? DownloadUrlLinuxLoong64 { get; set; }
    public string? DownloadUrlOSX64 { get; set; }
    public string? DownloadUrlOSXArm64 { get; set; }
+    public SemanticVersion? LockedMaxVersion { get; set; }
    public string? Match { get; set; }
    public string? VersionArg { get; set; }
    public bool AbsolutePath { get; set; }
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ public class SingboxConfig
    public List<Outbound4Sbox> outbounds { get; set; }
    public List<Endpoints4Sbox>? endpoints { get; set; }
    public Route4Sbox route { get; set; }
+    public List<HttpClient4Sbox>? http_clients { get; set; }
    public Experimental4Sbox? experimental { get; set; }
 }

@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ public class Dns4Sbox
    public List<Server4Sbox> servers { get; set; }
    public List<Rule4Sbox> rules { get; set; }
    public string? final { get; set; }
+    public bool? optimistic { get; set; }
    public string? strategy { get; set; }
    public bool? disable_cache { get; set; }
    public bool? disable_expire { get; set; }
@@ -94,6 +96,11 @@ public class Rule4Sbox
    public bool? rule_set_ip_cidr_match_source { get; set; }
    public bool? rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty { get; set; }
    public bool? tls_record_fragment { get; set; }
+    public string? preferred_by { get; set; }
+    public string? match_response { get; set; } // or bool
+    public string? tag { get; set; }
+    public bool? race { get; set; }
+    public bool? speculative { get; set; }
 }

 [Serializable]
@@ -108,7 +115,6 @@ public class Inbound4Sbox
    public int? mtu { get; set; }
    public bool? auto_route { get; set; }
    public bool? strict_route { get; set; }
-    public bool? endpoint_independent_nat { get; set; }
    public string? stack { get; set; }
    public List<User4Sbox> users { get; set; }
    public List<string>? route_exclude_address { get; set; }
@@ -248,6 +254,16 @@ public class HyObfs4Sbox
 {
    public string? type { get; set; }
    public string? password { get; set; }
+    public int? min_packet_size { get; set; }
+    public int? max_packet_size { get; set; }
+}
+
+public class HyRealm4Sbox
+{
+    public string? server_url { get; set; }
+    public string? token { get; set; }
+    public string? realm_id { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? stun_servers { get; set; }
 }

 public class Server4Sbox : BaseServer4Sbox
@@ -308,10 +324,12 @@ public class Ruleset4Sbox
    public string? format { get; set; }
    public string? path { get; set; }
    public string? url { get; set; }
-    public string? download_detour { get; set; }
+    public string? http_client { get; set; }
    public string? update_interval { get; set; }
 }

+public class HttpClient4Sbox : BaseServer4Sbox;
+
 public abstract class DialFields4Sbox
 {
    public string? detour { get; set; }
@@ -334,6 +352,7 @@ public abstract class DialFields4Sbox
    public Multiplex4Sbox? multiplex { get; set; }
    public Transport4Sbox? transport { get; set; }
    public HyObfs4Sbox? obfs { get; set; }
+    public HyRealm4Sbox? realm { get; set; }
 }

 public abstract class BaseServer4Sbox : DialFields4Sbox
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ public class V2rayConfig
 {
    public Log4Ray log { get; set; }
    public object dns { get; set; }
+    public FakeDns4Ray? fakedns { get; set; }
    public List<Inbounds4Ray> inbounds { get; set; }
    public List<Outbounds4Ray> outbounds { get; set; }
    public Routing4Ray routing { get; set; }
@@ -43,6 +44,12 @@ public class Log4Ray
    public string? loglevel { get; set; }
 }

+public class FakeDns4Ray
+{
+    public string? ipPool { get; set; }
+    public long? poolSize { get; set; }
+}
+
 public class Inbounds4Ray
 {
    public string tag { get; set; }
@@ -136,8 +143,6 @@ public class Outboundsettings4Ray

    public Response4Ray? response { get; set; }

-    public string? domainStrategy { get; set; }
-
    public int? userLevel { get; set; }

    public string? secretKey { get; set; }
@@ -146,6 +151,16 @@ public class Outboundsettings4Ray

    public int? port { get; set; }

+    public string? user { get; set; }
+
+    public string? pass { get; set; }
+
+    public int? level { get; set; }
+
+    public string? email { get; set; }
+
+    public object? headers { get; set; }
+
    public List<WireguardPeer4Ray>? peers { get; set; }

    public bool? noKernelTun { get; set; }
@@ -157,6 +172,8 @@ public class Outboundsettings4Ray
    public int? workers { get; set; }

    public int? version { get; set; }
+
+    public List<string>? remoteDNS { get; set; }
 }

 public class WireguardPeer4Ray
@@ -226,6 +243,7 @@ public class Dns4Ray
    public List<object> servers { get; set; }
    public bool? serveStale { get; set; }
    public bool? enableParallelQuery { get; set; }
+    public string? queryStrategy { get; set; }
    public string? tag { get; set; }
 }

@@ -276,7 +294,6 @@ public class BalancersItem4Ray
    public List<string>? selector { get; set; }
    public BalancersStrategy4Ray? strategy { get; set; }
    public string? tag { get; set; }
-    public string? fallbackTag { get; set; }
 }

 public class BalancersStrategy4Ray
@@ -289,16 +306,7 @@ public class BalancersStrategySettings4Ray
 {
    public int? expected { get; set; }
    public string? maxRTT { get; set; }
-    public float? tolerance { get; set; }
-    public List<string>? baselines { get; set; }
-    public List<BalancersStrategySettingsCosts4Ray>? costs { get; set; }
-}
-
-public class BalancersStrategySettingsCosts4Ray
-{
-    public bool? regexp { get; set; }
-    public string? match { get; set; }
-    public float? value { get; set; }
+    public double? tolerance { get; set; }
 }

 public class Observatory4Ray
@@ -359,8 +367,6 @@ public class StreamSettings4Ray

 public class TlsSettings4Ray
 {
-    public bool? allowInsecure { get; set; }
-
    public string? serverName { get; set; }

    public List<string>? alpn { get; set; }
@@ -507,11 +513,18 @@ public class MaskSettings4Ray

    public string? password { get; set; }

+    public string? url { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? stunServers { get; set; }
+    public string? packetSize { get; set; }
+
    // fragment
    public string? packets { get; set; }

    public string? length { get; set; }
    public string? delay { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? lengths { get; set; }
+    public List<string>? delays { get; set; }
+    public int? maxSplit { get; set; }

    // noise
    public int? reset { get; set; }
@@ -542,15 +555,20 @@ public class AccountsItem4Ray

 public class Sockopt4Ray
 {
+    public string? domainStrategy { get; set; }
+
    public string? dialerProxy { get; set; }

    [JsonPropertyName("interface")]
    public string? Interface { get; set; }
+
+    public HappyEyeballs4Ray? happyEyeballs { get; set; }
 }

-public class FragmentItem4Ray
+public class HappyEyeballs4Ray
 {
-    public string? packets { get; set; }
-    public string? length { get; set; }
-    public string? interval { get; set; }
+    public int? tryDelayMs { get; set; }
+    public bool? prioritizeIPv6 { get; set; }
+    public int? interleave { get; set; }
+    public int? maxConcurrentTry { get; set; }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
+
+public sealed record AvailabilityCheckResult(int Time, string Ip)
+{
+    public string? GetValidIp() => Ip == Global.None ? null : Ip;
+}
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;

-public class CheckUpdateModel : ReactiveObject
+public partial class CheckUpdateModel : ReactiveObject
 {
    public bool? IsSelected { get; set; }
    public ECoreType? CoreType { get; set; }
-    [Reactive] public string? Remarks { get; set; }
+    [Reactive] public partial string? Remarks { get; set; }
    public string? FileName { get; set; }
    public bool? IsFinished { get; set; }
    public bool IsGeoFile { get; set; }
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
+
+public record ClashItem
+{
+    public Dictionary<string, ClashProxy> Proxies { get; init; } = [];
+    public Dictionary<string, string> ProviderIndexMap { get; init; } = [];
+
+    public bool IsEmpty() => Proxies.Count == 0;
+}
+
+public record ClashProxy
+{
+    public List<string>? all { get; init; }
+    public List<HistoryItem>? history { get; init; }
+    public string? name { get; init; }
+    public string? type { get; init; }
+    public bool udp { get; init; }
+    public string? now { get; init; }
+    public int delay { get; init; }
+
+    public record HistoryItem
+    {
+        public string? time { get; init; }
+        public int delay { get; init; }
+    }
+}
+
+public record ClashProvider
+{
+    public string? name { get; init; }
+    public List<ClashProxy>? proxies { get; init; }
+    public string? type { get; init; }
+    public string? vehicleType { get; init; }
+}
+
+public record ClashProxies
+{
+    public Dictionary<string, ClashProxy> proxies { get; init; } = [];
+}
+
+public record ClashProviders
+{
+    public Dictionary<string, ClashProvider> providers { get; init; } = [];
+}
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-using static ServiceLib.Models.Dto.ClashProxies;
-
-namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
-
-public class ClashProviders
-{
-    public Dictionary<string, ProvidersItem>? providers { get; set; }
-
-    public class ProvidersItem
-    {
-        public string? name { get; set; }
-        public List<ProxiesItem>? proxies { get; set; }
-        public string? type { get; set; }
-        public string? vehicleType { get; set; }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
-
-public class ClashProxies
-{
-    public Dictionary<string, ProxiesItem>? proxies { get; set; }
-
-    public class ProxiesItem
-    {
-        public List<string>? all { get; set; }
-        public List<HistoryItem>? history { get; set; }
-        public string? name { get; set; }
-        public string? type { get; set; }
-        public bool udp { get; set; }
-        public string? now { get; set; }
-        public int delay { get; set; }
-    }
-
-    public class HistoryItem
-    {
-        public string? time { get; set; }
-        public int delay { get; set; }
-    }
-}
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;

 [Serializable]
-public class ClashProxyModel : ReactiveObject
+public partial class ClashProxyModel : ReactiveObject
 {
-    public string? Name { get; set; }
+    public required string Name { get; set; }

-    public string? Type { get; set; }
+    public required string Type { get; set; }

    public string? Now { get; set; }

-    [Reactive] public int Delay { get; set; }
+    [Reactive] public partial int Delay { get; set; }

-    [Reactive] public string? DelayName { get; set; }
+    [Reactive] public partial string? DelayName { get; set; }

    public bool IsActive { get; set; }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
+
+public record FileDownloadState
+{
+    public required FileDownloadRequest Request { get; init; }
+    public long DownloadedBytes { get; init; } = 0;
+    public long TotalBytes { get; init; } = 0;
+    public double SpeedBytesPerSecond { get; init; } = 0;
+    public bool Completed { get; init; } = false;
+
+    public Exception? Error { get; init; }
+    public bool IsFailed => Error != null;
+}
+
+public record FileDownloadRequest
+{
+    public required string FileUrl { get; init; }
+    public required string FilePath { get; init; }
+    public string? DisplayFileName { get; init; }
+
+    public string FileName => DisplayFileName ?? Path.GetFileName(FilePath);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;
+
+// realm://<token>@<rendezvous-host>[:port]/<realm-name>?stun=<stun-host>[:port]&stun=<stun-host>[:port]...
+// realm+http://<token>@<rendezvous-host>[:port]/<realm-name>?stun=<stun-host>[:port]&stun=<stun-host>[:port]...
+// example:
+// realm://public@realm.hy2.io/57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90?stun=example.stun:3478&stun=example2.stun:3478
+public record HyRealm(
+    bool IsHttp,
+    string Token,
+    string RendezvousHost,
+    int RendezvousPort,
+    string RealmName,
+    List<string> StunList
+)
+{
+    public string RendezvousHostPort => RendezvousPort > 0 ? $"{RendezvousHost}:{RendezvousPort}" : RendezvousHost;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// sing-box realm.server_url requires a scheme (https:// or http://).
+    /// </summary>
+    public string ToServerUrl()
+    {
+        var scheme = IsHttp ? "http" : "https";
+        return $"{scheme}://{RendezvousHostPort}";
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryParse(string? str, out HyRealm? realm)
+    {
+        realm = null;
+        if (str == null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try
+        {
+            var isHttp = str.StartsWith("realm+http://");
+            var prefix = isHttp ? "realm+http://" : "realm://";
+            if (!str.StartsWith(prefix))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            var uri = new Uri(str);
+            var token = Utils.UrlDecode(uri.UserInfo);
+            var rendezvousHost = uri.Host;
+            var rendezvousPort = uri.IsDefaultPort ? (isHttp ? 80 : 443) : uri.Port;
+            var realmName = uri.AbsolutePath.TrimStart('/');
+            var stunList = new List<string>();
+            var query = uri.Query;
+            if (!query.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                if (query.StartsWith('?'))
+                {
+                    query = query.Substring(1);
+                }
+                var pairs = query.Split('&', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+                foreach (var pair in pairs)
+                {
+                    var idx = pair.IndexOf('=');
+                    if (idx <= 0)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    var key = pair.Substring(0, idx);
+                    if (!key.Equals("stun", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    var val = pair.Substring(idx + 1);
+                    stunList.Add(Utils.UrlDecode(val));
+                }
+            }
+            realm = new HyRealm(isHttp, token, rendezvousHost, rendezvousPort, realmName, stunList);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public string ToUri()
+    {
+        var prefix = IsHttp ? "realm+http://" : "realm://";
+        var uriBuilder = new UriBuilder
+        {
+            Scheme = IsHttp ? "http" : "realm",
+            Host = RendezvousHost,
+            Port = RendezvousPort,
+            Path = "/" + RealmName,
+            UserName = Utils.UrlEncode(Token),
+        };
+        if (StunList is { Count: > 0 })
+        {
+            // var query = string.Join('&', StunList.Select(s => "stun=" + Utils.UrlEncode(s)));
+            // NOTE: maybe we don't need to encode the stun host:port, since it should be a valid URI component already, and encoding will make it unreadable
+            var query = string.Join('&', StunList.Select(s => "stun=" + s));
+            uriBuilder.Query = query;
+        }
+        return prefix + uriBuilder.Uri.GetComponents(
+            UriComponents.UserInfo | UriComponents.HostAndPort | UriComponents.PathAndQuery, UriFormat.UriEscaped);
+    }
+
+    public string ToUriForFinalmask()
+    {
+        var prefix = IsHttp ? "realm+http://" : "realm://";
+        var uriBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        uriBuilder.Append(prefix);
+        uriBuilder.Append(Utils.UrlEncode(Token));
+        uriBuilder.Append('@');
+        uriBuilder.Append(RendezvousHostPort);
+        uriBuilder.Append('/');
+        uriBuilder.Append(Utils.UrlEncode(RealmName));
+        return uriBuilder.ToString();
+    }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;

 [Serializable]
-public class ProfileItemModel : ReactiveObject
+public partial class ProfileItemModel : ReactiveObject
 {
    public bool IsActive { get; set; }
    public string IndexId { get; set; }
@@ -16,30 +16,30 @@ public class ProfileItemModel : ReactiveObject
    public int Sort { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public int Delay { get; set; }
+    public partial int Delay { get; set; }

    public decimal Speed { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string DelayVal { get; set; }
+    public partial string DelayVal { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string SpeedVal { get; set; }
+    public partial string SpeedVal { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string IpInfo { get; set; }
+    public partial string IpInfo { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string TodayUp { get; set; }
+    public partial string TodayUp { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string TodayDown { get; set; }
+    public partial string TodayDown { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string TotalUp { get; set; }
+    public partial string TotalUp { get; set; }

    [Reactive]
-    public string TotalDown { get; set; }
+    public partial string TotalDown { get; set; }

    public string GetSummary()
    {
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 namespace ServiceLib.Models.Dto;

-public class SemanticVersion
+public class SemanticVersion : IEquatable<SemanticVersion>, IComparable
 {
+    private readonly string? build;
    private readonly int major;
    private readonly int minor;
    private readonly int patch;
-    private readonly string version;
+    private readonly string? prerelease;
+    private readonly string raw;

    public SemanticVersion(int major, int minor, int patch)
    {
        this.major = major;
        this.minor = minor;
        this.patch = patch;
-        version = $"{major}.{minor}.{patch}";
+        raw = $"{major}.{minor}.{patch}";
    }

    public SemanticVersion(string? version)
@@ -24,26 +26,41 @@ public class SemanticVersion
                major = 0;
                minor = 0;
                patch = 0;
+                raw = $"{major}.{minor}.{patch}";
                return;
            }
-            this.version = version.RemovePrefix('v');
+            raw = version;

-            var parts = this.version.Split('.');
-            if (parts.Length == 2)
+            var span = version.StartsWith("v", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
+                ? version.AsSpan(1)
+                : version.AsSpan();
+            var plusIdx = span.IndexOf('+');
+            var metadataSpan = plusIdx >= 0 ? span[(plusIdx + 1)..] : [];
+            var leftOfPlus = plusIdx >= 0 ? span[..plusIdx] : span;
+            var dashIdx = leftOfPlus.IndexOf('-');
+            var versionSpan = dashIdx >= 0 ? leftOfPlus[..dashIdx] : leftOfPlus;
+            var preReleaseSpan = dashIdx >= 0 ? leftOfPlus[(dashIdx + 1)..] : [];
+
+            build = metadataSpan.Length > 0 ? metadataSpan.ToString() : null;
+            prerelease = preReleaseSpan.Length > 0 ? preReleaseSpan.ToString() : null;
+
+            var parts = versionSpan.ToString().Split('.');
+            switch (parts.Length)
            {
-                major = int.Parse(parts.First());
-                minor = int.Parse(parts.Last());
-                patch = 0;
-            }
-            else if (parts.Length is 3 or 4)
-            {
-                major = int.Parse(parts[0]);
-                minor = int.Parse(parts[1]);
-                patch = int.Parse(parts[2]);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                throw new ArgumentException("Invalid version string");
+                case 2:
+                    major = int.Parse(parts.First());
+                    minor = int.Parse(parts.Last());
+                    patch = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case 3 or 4:
+                    major = int.Parse(parts[0]);
+                    minor = int.Parse(parts[1]);
+                    patch = int.Parse(parts[2]);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Invalid version string");
            }
        }
        catch
@@ -51,135 +68,186 @@ public class SemanticVersion
            major = 0;
            minor = 0;
            patch = 0;
+            raw = $"{major}.{minor}.{patch}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public bool Equals(SemanticVersion? other)
+    {
+        if (other is null)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return major == other.major && minor == other.minor && patch == other.patch && prerelease == other.prerelease;
+    }
+
+    public static bool TryParse(string? version, out SemanticVersion? result)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            result = new SemanticVersion(version);
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            result = null;
+            return false;
        }
    }

    public override bool Equals(object? obj)
    {
-        if (obj is SemanticVersion other)
-        {
-            return major == other.major && minor == other.minor && patch == other.patch;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
+        return obj is SemanticVersion other && Equals(other);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
-        return major.GetHashCode() ^ minor.GetHashCode() ^ patch.GetHashCode();
+        return HashCode.Combine(major, minor, patch, prerelease);
    }

-    /// <summary>
-    /// Use ToVersionString(string? prefix) instead if possible.
-    /// </summary>
-    /// <returns>major.minor.patch</returns>
    public override string ToString()
    {
-        return version;
+        return raw;
    }

-    public string ToVersionString(string? prefix = null)
+    public string ToStandardVersionString(string? prefix = null)
    {
-        if (prefix == null)
+        var sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix))
        {
-            return version;
+            sb.Append(prefix);
        }
-        else
+        sb.Append($"{major}.{minor}.{patch}");
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prerelease))
        {
-            return $"{prefix}{version}";
+            sb.Append($"-{prerelease}");
        }
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(build))
+        {
+            sb.Append($"+{build}");
+        }
+        return sb.ToString();
    }

-    public static bool operator ==(SemanticVersion v1, SemanticVersion v2)
-    { return v1.Equals(v2); }
+    public static bool operator <(SemanticVersion left, SemanticVersion right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) < 0;
+    }

-    public static bool operator !=(SemanticVersion v1, SemanticVersion v2)
-    { return !v1.Equals(v2); }
+    public static bool operator >(SemanticVersion left, SemanticVersion right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) > 0;
+    }

-    public static bool operator >=(SemanticVersion v1, SemanticVersion v2)
-    { return v1.GreaterEquals(v2); }
+    public static bool operator <=(SemanticVersion left, SemanticVersion right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0;
+    }

-    public static bool operator <=(SemanticVersion v1, SemanticVersion v2)
-    { return v1.LessEquals(v2); }
+    public static bool operator >=(SemanticVersion left, SemanticVersion right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) >= 0;
+    }

    #region Private

-    private bool GreaterEquals(SemanticVersion other)
+    public int CompareTo(SemanticVersion other)
    {
-        if (major < other.major)
+        if (major != other.major)
        {
-            return false;
+            return major.CompareTo(other.major);
        }
-        else if (major > other.major)
+        if (minor != other.minor)
        {
-            return true;
+            return minor.CompareTo(other.minor);
        }
-        else
+        if (patch != other.patch)
        {
-            if (minor < other.minor)
+            return patch.CompareTo(other.patch);
+        }
+        return ComparePreRelease(prerelease, other.prerelease);
+    }
+
+    public int CompareTo(object? obj)
+    {
+        if (obj is null)
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (obj is SemanticVersion other)
+        {
+            return CompareTo(other);
+        }
+        throw new ArgumentException("Object is not a SemanticVersion");
+    }
+
+    private static int ComparePreRelease(string? left, string? right)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(left) && string.IsNullOrEmpty(right))
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(left))
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(right))
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        var leftSpan = left.AsSpan();
+        var rightSpan = right.AsSpan();
+        using var leftEnum = leftSpan.Split('.').GetEnumerator();
+        using var rightEnum = rightSpan.Split('.').GetEnumerator();
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            var hasLeft = leftEnum.MoveNext();
+            var hasRight = rightEnum.MoveNext();
+
+            if (!hasLeft && !hasRight)
            {
-                return false;
+                return 0;
            }
-            else if (minor > other.minor)
+            if (!hasLeft)
            {
-                return true;
+                return -1;
            }
-            else
+            if (!hasRight)
            {
-                if (patch < other.patch)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                else if (patch > other.patch)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            var leftSegment = leftSpan[leftEnum.Current];
+            var rightSegment = rightSpan[rightEnum.Current];
+
+            var segCmp = CompareSegment(leftSegment, rightSegment);
+            if (segCmp != 0)
+            {
+                return segCmp;
            }
        }
    }

-    private bool LessEquals(SemanticVersion other)
+    private static int CompareSegment(ReadOnlySpan<char> left, ReadOnlySpan<char> right)
    {
-        if (major < other.major)
+        var leftIsNum = ulong.TryParse(left, out var leftNum);
+        var rightIsNum = ulong.TryParse(right, out var rightNum);
+
+        return (leftIsNum, rightIsNum) switch
        {
-            return true;
-        }
-        else if (major > other.major)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (minor < other.minor)
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
-            else if (minor > other.minor)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (patch < other.patch)
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-                else if (patch > other.patch)
-                {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
+            (true, true) => leftNum.CompareTo(rightNum),
+
+            (false, true) => 1,
+            (true, false) => -1,
+
+            (false, false) => left.SequenceCompareTo(right),
+        };
    }

    #endregion Private
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class ProfileItem

    public bool IsValid()
    {
-        if (IsComplex())
+        if (IsComplex() || ConfigType == EConfigType.Outbound)
        {
            return true;
        }
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ public record ProtocolExtraItem
    public bool? Uot { get; init; }
    public string? CongestionControl { get; init; }

+    // http outbound
+    public string? HttpHeaders { get; init; }
+
    // vmess
    public string? AlterId { get; init; }
    public string? VmessSecurity { get; init; }
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ public record ProtocolExtraItem
    public string? WgInterfaceAddress { get; init; }
    public string? WgReserved { get; init; }
    public int? WgMtu { get; init; }
+    public string? WgDns { get; init; }

    // hysteria2
    public string? SalamanderPass { get; init; }
@@ -31,6 +35,12 @@ public record ProtocolExtraItem
    public int? DownMbps { get; init; }
    public string? Ports { get; init; }
    public string? HopInterval { get; init; }
+    // realm://<token>@<rendezvous-host>[:port]/<realm-name>?stun=<stun-host>[:port]&stun=<stun-host>[:port]...
+    // example:
+    // realm://public@realm.hy2.io/57f9be7c-2810-4f5b-8cb9-260bc84d6c90?stun=example.stun:3478&stun=example2.stun:3478
+    public string? Hy2RealmUrl { get; init; }
+    public string? GeckoMinPacketSize { get; init; }
+    public string? GeckoMaxPacketSize { get; init; }

    // naiveproxy
    public int? InsecureConcurrency { get; init; }
@@ -42,4 +52,7 @@ public record ProtocolExtraItem
    public string? SubChildItems { get; init; }
    public string? Filter { get; init; }
    public EMultipleLoad? MultipleLoad { get; init; }
+
+    // custom outbound
+    public bool? IsSingboxEndpoint { get; init; }
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More